Hydrological characteristics and suspended sediment transport mechanism in spring at the Mulan Estuary and its adjacent seas
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摘要:
基于2016年春季航次观测数据，分析了木兰溪河口及邻近海域温度、盐度及浊度等水文环境要素特征；并运用通量机制分解法分析该区兴化湾南日水道连续观测站位资料，以揭示该海域悬沙输移的控制机制。结果表明，春季兴化湾及邻近海域温盐变化受木兰溪径流、浙闽沿岸流和台湾暖流共同控制，湾外东南侧海域受高温高盐台湾暖流控制，西北侧近岸海域受低温低盐的浙闽沿岸流显著影响。调查海域悬沙浓度总体较低，外海泥沙通过南日水道向兴化湾内输移，但净输运量非常有限，仅为0.32×10-4kg/(m·s)。平流输沙与潮泵输沙是南日水道泥沙净输运的主要机制，底沙再悬浮作用较显著，且剪切扩散效应也不容忽视。
Abstract:Based on the field observation data in spring of 2016 in the Mulan Estuary and its adjacent seas, hydrological environment factors, such as temperature, salinity and turbidity were analyzed. And the characteristics and mechanism of suspended sediment transport in the Nanri waterway were studied using the mechanism decomposition method. Results show that the changes in temperature and salinity in the Xinghua Bay and its adjacent seas in spring are jointly controlled by the Mulan River runoff, the Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current and the Taiwan Warm Current. The offshore water in southeast Xinghua Bay is dominated by Taiwan Warm Current characterized by high temperature and high salinity, while the nearshore water in the northwest of the bay is significantly affected by the Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current featured by low temperature and low salinity. Suspended sediment concentration in Xinghua Bay and its adjacent seas is relatively low. Offshore sediments can be transported into Xinghua Bay through the Nanri waterway, but the net sediment flux is quite limited, only 0.32×10-4 kg/(m·s). The advection and tidal pumping are the major mechanisms for net sediment transport in the waterway, the resuspension of bottom sediment is significant, and the shear diffusion effect cannot be ignored.
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表 1 观测方法及仪器参数设置
Table 1. Method of observation and instrumental parameters
仪器/布放方式 观测参数 采样方式 Campbell OBS 3A/绞车 浊度 1Hz，表中底或六点法观测，每层位观测2min左右 CTD/绞车 温、盐、深 同OBS Flowquest ADCP 600k/船舷固定，探头朝下 流速 2Hz，连续观测，bin:0.5m，ping:120 双频测深仪/船舷固定，探头距水面约30cm 水位变化 连续测量 
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表 2 各项悬沙输沙量及其所占百分比
Table 2. Distribution of suspended sediment transport influenced by different factors in Xinghua Bay
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T 输沙量(10-4kg/(m·s)) 1 -0.065 0.016 -1.1 0.11 -0.0025 -0.64 0.35×10-4 -0.32 占总输沙量之比(%) 40.5 2.22 1.37 37.64 3.84 0.08 15.62 0.0014
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