Transportation of suspended sediment in Shenjiamen offshore area of Zhoushan
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摘要:
通过对舟山沈家门海域水文泥沙观测站位数据进行处理和分析，探讨了区域悬沙浓度时空分布及影响因素；对各站位单宽净输沙量和输运方向进行了计算，揭示了海域悬沙输运机制。结果表明：受长江、钱塘江等大河泥沙注入和周边岛屿物质输入影响，海域悬沙浓度较高；平面分布上，悬沙浓度有从东北向西南减小趋势，位于莲花洋的C1站位浓度最大，峙头洋C4站位悬沙浓度较小；悬沙浓度垂向上随水深的增加，逐渐升高；在涨、落潮流的影响下悬沙起动、悬扬、沉降、落淤，浓度随潮流流速变化具较高的相关性；通量机制分解计算表明海域悬沙输运以平流输沙项为主导，单宽净输运率大潮期大于小潮期；总体上，泥沙输运有沿水道走向离岸向海运动趋势。
Abstract:Based on both the data of tidal current and suspended sediment collected from the sea area off Shenjiamen of the Zhoushan Islands, temporal and spatial variation in suspended sediment concentrations during neap and spring tides and their influence factors are discussed in this paper. The transportation characteristics of the suspended matter in the sea area are described by sediment net discharge rate and moving direction. Results show that suspended sediment concentration in the study area is higher than that in surrounding areas, owing to the inputs from the Yangtze, Qian Tang and other rivers as well as surrounding islands. In general, the suspended sediment concentration is spatially in a pattern decreasing from northeast to southwest. The highest sediment concentration appears at the C1 station in Lianhuayang sea, while the lowest at the C4 station in the Zhitouyang sea. Vertically, the suspended sediment concentrations gradually increase with the increase in water depth. The movement of suspended sediment from initiation to settlement is mainly udder the control of tidal movement. There is a high correlation between the suspended sediment concentration and the tidal current velocity. Flux mechanism decomposition shows that suspended sediment is mainly transported in a form of advection. Net transport rate in spring tide is greater than that in the neap tide period. To sum up, the sediment transport in the study area is in a trend towards the sea through channels.
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表 1 各站大、小潮垂线平均含沙量分布特征(kg/m3)
Table 1. Vertical profiles of suspended sediment concentrations during spring and neap tides
站号 潮汛 大潮 小潮 平均值 最大值 最小值 平均值 最大值 最小值 C1 涨潮 0.641 0.897 0.368 0.575 0.864 0.265 落潮 0.687 0.967 0.327 0.335 0.468 0.215 C2 涨潮 0.648 0.935 0.383 0.104 0.229 0.017 落潮 0.492 0.682 0.273 0.078 0.168 0.007 C3 涨潮 0.278 0.923 0.089 0.184 0.430 0.112 落潮 0.395 0.702 0.080 0.272 0.499 0.064 C4 涨潮 0.270 0.399 0.199 0.015 0.016 0.015 落潮 0.229 0.427 0.115 0.043 0.092 0.022 C5 涨潮 0.212 0.270 0.127 0.098 0.158 0.053 落潮 0.208 0.310 0.107 0.078 0.140 0.036 C6 涨潮 0.246 0.306 0.158 0.171 0.108 0.056 落潮 0.211 0.382 0.110 0.095 0.160 0.038 
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表 2 大、小潮垂线潮流流速和流向
Table 2. Vertical profiles tidal currents in spring and neap tides
站号 涨落 大潮 小潮 全潮最大可能 流速(m/s) 流向(°) 流速(m/s) 流向(°) 流速(m/s) 流向(°) C1 涨潮 1.11 348 0.64 4 1.73 354 落潮 0.94 195 0.57 184 1.50 191 C2 涨潮 0.62 294 0.42 303 1.04 298 落潮 0.97 126 0.32 120 1.29 125 C3 涨潮 0.79 24 0.50 30 1.29 26 落潮 0.49 326 0.49 212 0.53 269 C4 涨潮 0.80 285 0.39 290 1.19 287 落潮 0.92 107 0.39 112 1.31 108 C5 涨潮 0.92 294 0.41 293 1.23 294 落潮 0.95 121 0.37 130 1.32 124 C6 涨潮 0.61 262 0.35 259 0.96 261 落潮 0.71 138 0.41 133 1.12 136
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表 3 大、小潮垂线平均余流
Table 3. Vertical profiles of residual currents
站号 大潮 小潮 流速(m/s) 流向(°) 流速(m/s) 流向(°) C1 0.18 348 0.03 185 C2 0.18 126 0.04 314 C3 0.32 24 0.04 272 C4 0.15 113 0.01 166 C5 0.17 284 0.10 266 C6 0.31 183 0.19 175
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表 4 各站位大、小潮悬沙输移通量分解
Table 4. Decomposition of suspended sediment transport during spring and neap tide periods
站位 潮汛 T1 T2 T3 T4 T8 T1+T2 T3+T4+T5 〈T〉 C1 大潮 量值 1.67 0.73 0.01 0.06 0.03 2.38 0.05 2.45 方向 348 2 168 4 28 352 8 353 小潮 量值 0.24 0.12 0 0.03 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.09 方向 185 5 185 5 31 184 5 186 C2 大潮 量值 1.61 1.05 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.57 0.06 0.47 方向 126 301 126 301 350 137 299 136 小潮 量值 0.06 0.04 0 0 0.01 0.1 0.01 0.11 方向 314 302 314 302 333 310 325 312 C3 大潮 量值 1.08 0.16 0.01 0.02 0.01 1.24 0.03 1.28 方向 24 32 24 40 48 25 35 26 小潮 量值 0.09 0.02 0 0 0 0.08 0 0.08 方向 272 29 272 40 177 283 19 282 C4 大潮 量值 0.53 0.28 0 0.05 0.03 0.26 0.04 0.19 方向 113 283 113 285 282 123 284 131 小潮 量值 0.01 0.01 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.01 方向 166 290 166 282 177 252 279 250 C5 大潮 量值 0.94 0.1 0 0 0 1.04 0 1.03 方向 284 296 104 113 97 285 112 285 小潮 量值 0.24 0 0 0 0 0.24 0 0.24 方向 266 117 266 294 242 266 291 266 C6 大潮 量值 1.42 0.32 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.33 0.01 1.34 方向 183 295 183 88 102 195 151 194 小潮 量值 0.41 0.02 0 0.01 0.01 0.39 0.01 0.4 方向 175 310 175 122 126 177 133 175 注：量值的单位为kg/(m·s)，方向的单位为(°)。
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