火的历史重建及其与气候变化和人类活动关系研究进展

江鸿; 饶志国

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018.02.019

火的历史重建及其与气候变化和人类活动关系研究进展

江鸿^1,,
饶志国²

1.
兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室，兰州 730000

2.
湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院，长沙 410081

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“全新世气候变化的新疆天山石笋和阿勒泰山泥炭高分辨率记录及其与盆地湖泊记录的对比”(41372181)；湖南省重点学科建设项目

详细信息

作者简介: 江鸿(1990—)，男，硕士生，主要从事地球化学与全球变化研究, E-mail:j1212521@126.com

中图分类号: P534.63

文凤英编辑

收稿日期: 2016-08-03

修回日期: 2016-12-15

刊出日期: 2018-04-28

Research progress on fire history reconstruction and its implications for climate change and human activities

JIANG Hong^1,,
RAO Zhiguo²

1.
Key Laboratory of Western China's Evironmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

2.
College of Resource and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

Received Date: 03 August 2016

Revised Date: 15 December 2016

Publish Date: 28 April 2018

摘要

摘要:
火是影响生态演化和物质循环的突发性驱动因素之一，在人类文明的进步中也有重要的作用。综述了全球范围内生物质燃料不完全燃烧产物——碳屑、树轮火疤、碳黑、多环芳烃和左旋葡聚糖，应用于火的历史重建的原理、方法及成果。总体而言，在时间尺度上，碳屑、碳黑和左旋葡聚糖多用于重建千年及更长时间尺度的火的历史；树轮火疤一般用于重建近数百年来林火的历史；多环芳烃则主要用于重建近200年(工业革命)以来人类生产生活中火的使用，指示了世界人口的迅猛增长和社会经济的飞速发展。对各种代用指标进行了比较，并分析了火的历史重建的复杂性。火的强度和频率，可反映气候快速变化过程以及气候的干湿程度；全新世以来的火的强度和频率，与人类活动高度相关。今后的研究应注意降低火的历史重建的不确定性，并加深对人类活动与火的历史关系的理解。
- 火的历史 /
- 气候变化 /
- 人类活动 /
- 火成碳 /
- 碳黑 /
- 多环芳烃 /
- 左旋葡聚糖
Abstract:
Fire plays an paroxysmal-driving role in the earth ecosystem, and is of great significance in the evolution of human civilization. This review has roundly summarized the principles, methods and achievements of fire history reconstruction in a global scale, taking biofuel imcomplete combustion remains as proxies, which include charcoal, black carbon, tree-ring fire scar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and levoglucosan. In general, on the time scale, charcoal, black carbon and levoglucosan are mostly used as proxies of millennial-scale fire history or longer, tree-ring fire scar is often used for reconstructing forest fire history, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are usually used for reconstructing the fire usage history in human production and living after the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago, which demonstrate the quick increasing in human population and rapid development of the social economy. These proxies are compared, and their complexity analyzed in this paper. Fire have close affinities with processes of rapid climate change and wet-dry level of climate, while in the Holocene, they are closely related to human activities of producing and living. In the future research, efforts should be made to reduce the uncertainty of fire history reconstruction. Meanwhile, the relationship between fire history and human activities needs further research.
- fire history /
- climate change /
- human activities /
- charcoal /
- pyrogenous carbon /
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons /
- levoglucosan

HTML全文

图 1 现有的火的历史研究地点分布图(依据百余篇参考文献)

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 指示PAHs生成来源的4个比例^{[50, 56-59]}

Table 1. Four proportions which indicate the source of PAHs^{[50, 56-59]}

	石油源	燃烧源(化石燃料)	燃烧源(生物质燃料)
ANT/(ANT+PHE)	0~0.1	0.1~1
FLA/(FLA+PYR)	0~0.4	0.4~0.5	0.5~1
BaA/(BaA+CHR)	0~0.2	0.35~1
IP/(IP+BghiP)	0~0.2	0.2~0.5	0.5~1
注：表中ANT、PHE、FLA、PYR、BaA、CHR、IP、BghiP分别指蒽(Anthracene)、菲(Phenanthrene)、荧蒽(Fluoranthene)、芘(Pyrene)、苯并[a]蒽(Benz[a]anthracene)、䓛(Chrysene)、茚并(1, 2, 3-cd)芘(Indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene)、苯并(ghi)苝(Benzo[ghi]perylene)，它们都属于多环芳烃分子。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 各种代用指标的特性

Table 2. Characters of different proxies

	样品来源	检测方法	研究区域	年代跨度(数量级)	地域跨度
碳屑	湖泊沉积物、黄土、深海沉积物	显微镜观察计数，常与孢粉联合分析	森林景观、草原景观、人类活动区域	10⁶~10²a	样点附近、湖泊或海洋集水区内
树轮火疤	森林乔木	树轮火疤定年统计	森林景观	10²~10a	样点本地
BC	湖泊沉积物、黄土、深海沉积物、冰心	光学分析法、元素分析法、苯多羧酸法，常与δ¹³C联合分析	森林景观、草原景观、人类活动区域	10⁶~10²a	样点周围数百公里、湖泊或海洋集水区内
PAHs	湖泊沉积物、黄土	色谱法	森林景观、草原景观、人类活动区域	10⁸~10a	样点周围数百公里甚至上千公里、湖泊或海洋集水区内
LG	湖泊沉积物、冰心	色谱法	森林景观、草原景观、人类活动区域	10³a	样点周围数百公里、湖泊或海洋集水区内

下载: 导出CSV

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