Lithofacies and paleogeographic study on late Cambrian hydrocarbon source rocks in Lower Yangtze region
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摘要:
以下扬子下寒武统为研究对象，利用野外露头、岩心、岩石微观分析、有机地球化学等资料，在地层对比基础上，开展了下扬子下寒武统岩相古地理研究及烃源岩条件评价。结果表明：下扬子下寒武统主要发育硅质岩、硅质泥页岩、碳质泥页岩、灰质泥页岩、泥灰岩、白云岩6种岩石类型；地层可划分为3段，其中安吉-石台-上海地区三段发育齐全，其他地区一段大部分缺失，二段存在不同程度缺失；沉积相主要发育盆地、陆棚、斜坡、台地边缘、局限台地5种类型；烃源岩主要分布于石台-安吉、滁州-盐城、德兴-桐庐盆地相及周边陆棚相，石台-安吉地区是烃源岩发育最有利区，泥岩厚度300~700m，TOC为3%~9%，平均4.5%~5.76%；德兴-桐庐地区泥岩厚度200~400m，TOC为3%~9%，平均4.96%；滁州-盐城凹陷泥岩厚度50~200m，TOC为2%~4%。下扬子下寒武统烃源岩干酪根类型全部为Ⅰ型，有机质组分主要为腐泥组，以藻类体为主，含少量腐泥无定形体。下扬子下寒武统烃源岩均处于过成熟演化阶段，总体上由皖南盆地区向两侧台地逐渐降低，九江、景德镇、黄山及开化淳安地区受火山岩影响Ro在4.0%以上；安庆-溧阳-南通以南，湖州-苏州以西处于盆地、陆棚及斜披部位，埋深大，Ro为3.0%~4.0%；潜山、南陵、无为、金坛及苏北中新生代凹陷由于后期埋深较大，Ro在3.0%以上；其他区域Ro为2.0%~3.0%。
Abstract:Careful lithofacies and palaeogeographic studies have been devoted to the lower Cambrian of the Lower Yangtze region for the purpose of evaluation of source rock conditions upon the basis of data from outcrops, cores, rock microscopic analysis and organic geochemistry. There are six types of rocks in the lower Cambrian of Lower Yangtze region. They are the siliceous rock, siliceous shale, carbonaceous shale, gray mud shale, marl and dolomite. Stratigraphically, the Lower Cambrian can be subdivided into three sections. The three sections are only complete in the Anji-Shitai-Shanghai area. As observed, the first section is missing in all other areas, while the second section is lacking to different degrees from place to place. Five types of sedimentary facies have been identified i.e, the facies of shelf, slope, platform edge, and restricted platform. Hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly distributed in the Shitai-Anji, Yanzhou-Yancheng, and Dexing-Tonglu Basins, which are surrounded by continental facies. Therefore, the Shitai-Anji region is the most favored area for hydrocarbon source rocks deposition. There occurs a thick muddy sequence of 300~700 meters with 3%~9% of TOC on an average of 4.5~5.76%. The muddy sequence is 200~400 meters thick in the Dexing-Tongzi region, which contains 3%~9%TOC on an average 4.96%. In the Yanzhou-Yancheng sag, however, the muddy deposits are 50~200 meters in thickness with 2%~4% of TOC. The kerogens of the lower Cambrian source rocks of the Lower Yangtze region are all belonging to the type Ⅰ dominated by sapropel mainly from algae, with a small amount of amorphous sapropel. The lower Cambrian source rocks of the region are all overmatured, and lowered gradually from the Pannan basin towards the area surrounding the platform. Owing to the influence of volcanic activities, the Ro is over 4.0% in the areas of Jiujiang, Jingdezhen, Huangshan, Kaihua and Chunan; and in the basin areas to the south of Anqing-Fuyang- Nantong, and to the west of Huzhou-Suzhou, continental shelf and slope facies deeply buried dominate and the Ro varies between 3.0% and 4.0%; while the Ro in the Mesozoic-Ce-nozoic depressions of Qianshan, Nanling, Wuwei, Jintan, and North Jiangsu is above 3.0% due to the large burial depth in the later period. The Ro changes between 2.0% and 3.0% in other regions.
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表 1 研究区下寒武统地层对比
Table 1. Stratigraphic correlation for the Lower Cambrian strata in the study area
阶 下扬子地层区 江南地层分区 天长-滁县 宿松-巢湖 南京 芜湖-石台 江山-临安广德-休宁 杭州-嘉兴-上海 组 岩性 组 岩性 组 岩性 组 岩性 组 岩性 组 岩性 龙王庙阶 黄栗树组 上段页岩夹灰岩透镜体，具纹理白云质灰岩；下段：页岩、薄层灰岩夹灰岩透镜体，夹石煤层、含磷结核、薄层硅质岩。见三叶虫、海绵骨针 半汤组 白云岩、灰质白云岩、页岩，见三叶虫 幕府山组 上段:白云质灰岩、灰岩、白云岩夹少量钙质页岩，含三叶虫；下段:以浅灰、灰黄色页岩(砂质)为主夹灰黑色硅质页岩、硅质岩、碳质页岩及石煤层，厚12~109m 黄柏岭组 上段：具纹理白云质灰岩; 下段黄绿色钙质泥岩，石煤层、磷结核层，薄层硅质岩，厚326~625 m，见三叶虫、海绵骨针 大陈岭组 深灰色厚层具微细层理的白云质灰岩、灰岩夹灰黑色薄层硅质泥岩，通常含海绵骨针 大陈岭组 灰色、深灰色泥质白云岩、白云岩、白云质灰岩 沧浪铺阶 冷泉王组 燧石团块鲕状白云岩、白云岩，见叠层石、藻类 荷塘组 黑色炭质页岩，石煤层磷结核层、薄层硅质岩，厚259~641 m 超山组 灰黑色、黑色碳质(钙质)泥页岩夹薄层泥灰岩，粉砂质泥页岩 筇竹寺阶 梅树村阶 
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表 2 石台-安吉地区露头剖面TOC岩石热裂解测试数据统计
Table 2. TOC and rock thermal cracking data in outcrop section of Shitai-Anji region
分区 剖面 TOC/% Corg/% 氯仿沥青A(10-6) S1+S2/(mg/g) 范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值 东区 柘林坝 0.8~13.48 7.61 2.43~13.21 7.84 0.50~9.79 3.17 0~0.01 0 罗村 0.33~6.72 2.5 0.87~10.55 4.16 0.43~3.39 1.61 0~0.01 0 太蔡岭 1.58~4.74 3.16 1.61~4.24 2.93 5.5~31.77 18.64 0 0 刘家桥 3.45~6.84 5.15 4.68~5.72 5.2 1.58~16.70 9.14 0~0.01 0 西区 蓝田 0.08~9.25 2.97 0.01~9.25 2.8 4.98~24.29 14.16 0~0.03 0.01 洪村 0.85~4.33 2.59 0.79~4.28 2.54 18.56~19.97 19.27 0~0.01 0.01 岩寺村 1.7~8.18 5.88 2.92~14.4 9.07 6.64~65.54 26.84 0.01~0.04 0.03 红桃村 0.27~16.85 7.31 0.21~16.33 7.25 15.06~24.1 19.15 0~0.03 0.02
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