西南印度洋脊龙旂热液场金属硫化物的矿物学组成及指示意义

曹红, 孙治雷, 刘昌岭, 姜学钧, 黄威, 徐翠玲, 刘莉萍, 何拥军. 西南印度洋脊龙旂热液场金属硫化物的矿物学组成及指示意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2018, 38(4): 179-192. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018.04.016
引用本文: 曹红, 孙治雷, 刘昌岭, 姜学钧, 黄威, 徐翠玲, 刘莉萍, 何拥军. 西南印度洋脊龙旂热液场金属硫化物的矿物学组成及指示意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2018, 38(4): 179-192. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018.04.016
CAO Hong, SUN Zhilei, LIU Changling, JIANG Xuejun, HUANG Wei, XU Cuiling, LIU Liping, HE Yongjun. Mineralogical composition and its significance of hydrothermal sulfides from the Longqi hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2018, 38(4): 179-192. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018.04.016
Citation: CAO Hong, SUN Zhilei, LIU Changling, JIANG Xuejun, HUANG Wei, XU Cuiling, LIU Liping, HE Yongjun. Mineralogical composition and its significance of hydrothermal sulfides from the Longqi hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2018, 38(4): 179-192. doi: 10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018.04.016

西南印度洋脊龙旂热液场金属硫化物的矿物学组成及指示意义

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金“西南印度洋龙旂热液区硫化物风化蚀变中元素的迁移和富集” (41606086);泰山学者专项(ts201712079);中国地质调查局国家专项(DD20160218, DD20160344)
详细信息
    作者简介: 曹红(1984—), 女, 主要从事热液及冷泉成岩机理研究, E-mail:caohong_qingdao@126.com
    通讯作者: 孙治雷, 男, 副研究员, 主要从事极端环境成岩、成矿研究, E-mail:zhileisun@yeah.net
  • 中图分类号: P736.3

  • 周立君编辑

Mineralogical composition and its significance of hydrothermal sulfides from the Longqi hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge

More Information
  • 西南印度洋脊(SWIR)是当前洋底超慢速扩张洋脊的典型代表, 具有独特的热液硫化物矿床形成机理, 对位于该洋脊的龙旂热液场硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学分析, 结果表明:该区硫化物为高温热液喷溢活动所形成的富Fe型硫化物, 目前已经历了一定程度的氧化蚀变; 硫化物矿物组合以磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿为主, 其次是少量黄铜矿、白铁矿和(铁)闪锌矿; 黄铜矿出溶等轴古巴矿现象普遍, 部分样品中可见自然金颗粒。经综合分析, 该区热液成矿作用可划分为3个成矿阶段和1个后期海底风化阶段: (1)高温的黄铁矿+黄铜矿(等轴古巴矿) +磁黄铁矿阶段, (2)中高温的黄铁矿+闪锌矿阶段, (3)低温的胶状或莓球状黄铁矿+白铁矿+自然金阶段, (4)后期硫化物海底氧化性蚀变阶段主要是形成Fe的氧/羟化物。在整个成矿期间, 流体温度有不同程度的波动, 主要硫化物矿物形成时端元流体的温度应在335℃以上, 瞬间(短时)或局部热液的最高温度推测超过400℃。本区的磁黄铁矿属于富钴型磁黄铁矿亚类, 经历了六方磁黄铁矿+黄铁矿→单斜磁黄铁矿+黄铁矿的变化, 表明该区热液流体发生了快速降温的演化过程。

  • 加载中
  • 图 1  西南印度洋龙旂热液区地理位置(桔色星形所示)及热液区地形图(底图来自Global mapper 14.1, 据文献[24])

    Figure 1. 

    图 2  龙旂热液区硫化物样品手标本照片

    Figure 2. 

    图 3  磁黄铁矿典型矿相照片

    Figure 3. 

    图 4  黄铁矿典型矿相照片

    Figure 4. 

    图 5  黄铜矿典型矿相照片

    Figure 5. 

    图 6  等轴古巴矿典型矿相照片Iso-等轴古巴矿

    Figure 6. 

    图 7  黄铜矿典型矿相照片

    Figure 7. 

    图 8  自然金典型矿相照片及谱图Au-自然金

    Figure 8. 

    图 9  黄铁矿中Fe原子含量的分布范围

    Figure 9. 

    图 10  Fe-S矿物相平衡简图(据文献[53-55])

    Figure 10. 

    图 11  闪锌矿中Fe与Zn含量的相关关系

    Figure 11. 

    图 12  黄铁矿中“闪锌矿斑点”的Fe-Zn-Cu三角图

    Figure 12. 

    表 1  黄铁矿的电子探针分析结果(%)

    Table 1.  Micro-chemical compositions of pyrite (%)

    元素
    wt%
    S Fe Cu Zn Pb Se As Sb Co Cd Mn Ag Au Mo Ni Total S/Fe
    (原子比)
    n=9最小值 Py1
    最小值 49.09 45.2 - - 0.08 - - - - - - - - 0.84 - 99.54 1.73
    最大值 53.67 50.08 0.09 0.09 0.34 0.05 0.16 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.08 0.97 0.01 103.02 2.06
    平均值 52.48 47.47 0.04 0.06 0.16 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.9 0.01 101.23 1.93
    n=11 Py2
    最小值 50.04 44.47 - - 0.06 - - - - - - - - 0.79 - 97.78 1.87
    最大值 54.04 49.1 0.1 0.14 0.26 0.11 0.22 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.19 0.92 0.07 102.9 2.04
    平均值 52.44 46.51 0.08 0.09 0.17 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.86 0.03 100.27 1.97
    n=12 Py3
    最小值 45.21 45.45 - - 0.12 - - - - - - - - 0.74 - 95.09 1.62
    最大值 53.28 49.78 0.14 0.73 0.23 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.15 0.89 0.07 104.05 2.02
    平均值 51.28 47.26 0.09 0.22 0.18 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.1 0.86 0.04 100.49 1.9
    注:“-”代表含量在仪器检测限之下,以后同。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  磁黄铁矿的电子探针分析结果

    Table 2.  Micro-chemical compositions of pyrrhotite

    元素(wt%) S Fe Cu Zn Pb Mo As Ni Co Se Sb Cd Mn Au Ag Total 1-x
    n=9 ISU1
    最小值 35.41 58.75 - 0.02 0.04 0.62 - - - - - - - - - 96.15 0.890
    最大值 39.51 63.42 0.16 0.15 0.27 0.69 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.11 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.12 0.01 103.82 0.970
    平均值 38.18 61.83 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.66 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.01 101.05 0.930
    n=11 5B1
    最小值 37.8 60.11 - - 0.02 0.64 - - 0.01 - - - - - - 99.95 0.902
    最大值 40.07 64.51 0.99 0.13 0.18 0.72 0.09 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.05 104.92 0.959
    平均值 38.98 62.91 0.20 0.07 0.12 0.67 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.03 102.95 0.927
    n=6 5B2
    最小值 38.53 57.42 - - 0.08 0.58 - - 0.01 - - - - - - 96.92 0.839
    最大值 38.95 59.98 0.17 0.08 0.17 0.75 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.08 0.04 - 0.03 0.09 0.04 100.26 0.877
    平均值 39.24 58.69 0.12 0.07 0.12 0.68 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 - 0.03 0.04 0.02 98.97 0.859
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  闪锌矿的电子探针分析结果

    Table 3.  Micro-chemical compositions of sphalerite

    元素(wt%) S Fe Cu Zn Pb Si Se Sb Cd Ag Au Co Mo Ni Mn Cu/Fe
    n=9 Sp1
    最小值 32.73 7.23 0.76 46.5 0.01 - - - 0.23 -- - - 0.5 - - 0.06
    最大值 33.93 16.94 2.51 57.22 0.14 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.91 0.06 0.09 - 0.64 0.05 0.03 0.15
    平均值 33.37 1274 1.21 52.23 0.11 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.55 0.04 0.07 - 0.59 0.03 0.02 0.10
    n=6 Sp2
    最小值 33.37 13.28 0.23 48.26 - - - - 0.9 - - - 0.5 - - 0.01
    最大值 34.5 17.66 1.08 55.01 0.22 0.02 0.03 0.09 0.42 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.69 0.03 0.03 0.09
    平均值 34.03 15.22 0.61 52.31 0.14 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.32 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.63 0.02 0.02 0.04
    n=6 Sp3
    最小值 33.6 13.04 0.4 51.4 - - - - 0.21 - - - 0.58 - - 0.03
    最大值 34.09 15.53 1.29 54.87 0.22 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.43 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.73 0.03 0.06 0.09
    平均值 33.82 14.28 0.75 52.92 0.14 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.34 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.67 0.03 0.03 0.05
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  黄铜矿和等轴古巴矿的电子探针分析结果

    Table 4.  Micro-chemical compositions of chalcopyrite and isocubanite

    元素
    (wt%)
    S Fe Cu Zn Pb Mo As Ni Co Se Sb Cd Mn Au Ag Ba Cu/Fe
    (原子比)
    n=3 Cp1
    最小值 29.24 35.21 29.88 - 0.14 0.43 - - - 0.01 - - - - - - 0.7
    最大值 35.96 37.49 31.46 - 0.18 0.69 - 0.08 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.02 - 0.02 0.06 0.15 0.78
    平均值 32.78 36.51 30.92 - 0.15 0.53 - 0.08 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 - 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.74
    n=14 Cp2
    最小值 32.09 31.23 28.08 - 0.09 0.47 - - - - - - - - - - 0.72
    最大值 36.23 36.25 33.32 - 0.2 0.74 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.11 0.88
    平均值 34.28 33.33 30.72 - 0.14 0.62 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.81
    n=27 Iso
    最小值 33.94 37.55 20.38 - - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - 0.42
    最大值 37.5 44.96 27.91 - 0.23 0.73 0.08 0.08 0.02 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.18 0.06 0.18 0.63
    平均值 35.38 41.41 23.12 - 0.12 0.61 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.49
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 5  龙旂热液区硫化物矿物生成顺序及成矿阶段

    Table 5.  Sequence of mineralization of the hydrothermal sulfide in the Longqi field.

    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2017-08-10
修回日期:  2017-11-13
刊出日期:  2018-08-28

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