Depositional characteristics of fan delta deposits and their impacts to reservoir development-An example from Liaohe Basin
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摘要:
以辽河盆地西部凹陷某试验区于楼油层为例，综合7口取心井岩心、镜下薄片和分析测试资料，400口井测井资料以及工区地震资料，在建立高分辨率等时地层格架和确定沉积相类型的基础上，划分沉积微相，刻画不同沉积微相发育特征，同时分析了沉积微相对开发的影响。通过岩性、层理构造、泥岩颜色、化石特征和粒度概率曲线等相标志，确定研究区目的层为扇三角洲前缘沉积，物源呈北西-南东和南北向，可划分为水下分流河道、河口沙坝、水下分流河道间砂、水下分流河道间泥和前缘席状砂等5种沉积微相。储层以水下分流河道、水下分流河道间砂沉积为主。自底部的单层yII36b至顶部的单层yI11a，目的层整体上为向上逐渐变粗的反旋回特征。河道宽200~300m，长度可达数百米，砂体数量多，规模小。受水下分流河道的频繁分流改道，砂体相互切叠，储层非均质性强烈。蒸汽驱热采时应该充分考虑单砂体沉积微相空间组合模式和平面展布规律。
Abstract:The Yulou oil bearing sets from one of the experimental areas in the south end of western slope of the West Depression of the Liaohe Basin is selected in this paper as a case to study the depositional characteristics of a fan delta and their impacts to reservoir development. Core and slice data, geochemical data of seven wells and logging data for 400 wells in addition to seismic data are collected for interpretation. On the basis of the high resolution stratigraphic framework, sedimentary facies are identified and described. At the same times, the influences of sedimentary facies to reservoir development are analyzed. The target layer is divided into 29 single sublayers according to well data and seismic data. The conclusion of facies analysis of the target layer is further confirmed as a fan delta front by lithology, beddings, colour of mudstone, fossil assemblage and grain size distribution patterns. Sediments came from NW and north. Five types of sedimentary facies, i.e. the underwater distributary and channel sands, river mouth bar, underwater distributary channel mudstone and delta front sheet-like sand are well developed in the study area. In general, underwater distributary channel and underwater distributary channel sand dominate the sequence with the river mouth bar and delta front sheet-like sand as the next. From the bottom single layer of yII36b to the top single layer of yI11a, the target layer shows an inversed cyclic characteristic and becomes coarsening up from bottom to top. Effected by frequent rechannelization of underwater distributaries, sandstone deposits become more heterogeneous. Distribution pattern and composition of depositional facies should be sufficiently considered in thermal recovery of oil with steam.
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表 1 辽河盆地西部凹陷西斜坡某试验区于楼油层沉积微相分类
Table 1. Classification of sedimentary microfacies of Yulou oil bearing sets in some experimental areas in the south end of westward slope of West Depression in Liaohe Basin
亚相 沉积微相 岩石类型 沉积成因 沉积构造 测井相 测井曲线形态 自然电位 电阻率 水下分流河道 中砾岩、细砾岩、含砾砂岩、粗砂岩、中砂岩、细砂岩 垂向加积、顺流加积、侧向加积、填积 平行层理、板状交错层理、槽状交错层理、粒序层理、块状层理、冲刷面 箱形、钟形 
河口沙坝 含砾砂岩、粗砂岩、中砂岩、细砂岩 垂向加积、顺流加积、侧向加积 平行层理、板状交错层理、槽状交错层理 漏斗形 
扇三角洲前缘 前缘席状砂 中砂岩、细砂岩、粉砂岩 选积 沙纹交错层理、脉状层理、波状层理、透镜状层理、平行层理 指状或尖峰状 
水下分流河道间砂 细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩 侧向加积、漫积 沙纹交错层理、脉状层理、波状层理、透镜状层理 曲线低平或微幅度、指状或尖峰状 
水下分流河道间泥 粉砂质泥岩、泥岩 漫积 水平层理 曲线平直 
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