Miocene carbonate platforms in the northwest South China Sea and controlling factors
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摘要:
开展西沙海域碳酸盐台地识别及模式总结, 不仅具有油气勘探指导意义, 而且能丰富碳酸盐岩沉积学理论.基于高分辨率三维、区域二维地震资料, 利用古地貌分析, 结合碳酸盐岩沉积学类比, 确定了南海西北深水区碳酸盐台地类型及展布, 分析了其演化过程.认为南海西北深水区中中新世开始发育碳酸盐台地, 据构造背景(Ⅰ级)、地理位置(Ⅱ级)将其划分为离岸碳酸盐台地(中中新世)和孤立碳酸盐台地(晚中新世)两大类, 据镶边性(Ⅲ级)和坡度(Ⅳ)进一步细分为:离岸台地镶边岛架、离岸台地缓坡、离岸台地陡坡, 孤立台地镶边岛架、孤立台地缓坡、孤立台地陡坡等亚类.南海西北部台地经历了由西向东的迁移过程.古地貌和海平面变化是该地区碳酸盐台地生长、持续、消亡的两大主控因素, 陆坡隆起控制碳酸盐台地发育范围、规模和迁移方向; 凸起控制碳酸盐台地类型、相带和迁移速度; 半地堑作为外源容纳空间和输出通道而保证了碳酸盐台地发育的“水清”环境; 台地边缘形态决定碳酸盐台地高能相带的分布、类型和规模.海平面上升导致碳酸盐台地由西向东退积, 台地面积减小, 环礁发育程度趋向成熟。
Abstract:The study of carbonate platform in Xisha area is of significance not only to oil and gas exploration, but also to the development of carbonate sedimentology. Based on the high resolution 3D and regional 2D seismic data, through the study of geomorphology, regional sedimentary tectonics and carbonate sedimentology, seismic marks for definition of carbonate platforms are established accordingly. Carbonate platforms and their distribution in deep-water areas in the northwestern South China Sea are described and the genetic processes and main controlling factors analyzed in this paper. Seismic reflections terminated on the top and bottom of a carbonate platform. According to the tectonic evolutionary background (Ⅰ) and geographical location(Ⅱ), the carbonate platforms in the deepwater areas in the northwestern South China Sea may be divided into two categories, i.e. offshore carbonate platforms (middle Miocene) and isolated carbonate platforms (late Miocene). According to the platform edge(Ⅲ) and platform slope gradient(Ⅳ), they are further subdivided into the offshore platform around island shelf, the offshore platform on gentle slope, the offshore platform on steep slope, the isolated platform and so on. The carbonate platforms started growing in Miocene. With time they climbed up from west to east. Geomorphology and sea level changes are the two main controlling factors over the growth and demise of carbonate platforms. Geomorphologic relieves are the major controlling factors. For examples, the uplift on slope may control the scale, distribution and migration of the platforms, the basement convex may control the type, facies and migration velocity of platforms, half graben, as an "clean water" container, is favorable for carbonate platform developing; while the shape of platform edge may control the distribution, type and size of high-energy facies of carbonate platforms. With sea level rise, carbonate platform became smaller in area and moved from west to east. As the results, atolls became matured.
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Key words:
- carbonate platform /
- geomorphology analysis /
- Miocene /
- northwest South China Sea
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表 1 工区碳酸盐台地分类
Table 1. Classification of carbonate platforms in the study area
分类参数 类型 构造
背景地理
位置镶边性 坡度 环绕台
地水深方向 阶段 走向 倾向 大类 亚类 与大陆
不相连北礁凸起 镶边 陡 浅水 北东 南西 中中
新世北礁离岸台地 镶边 无镶边 缓 浅水 北西 北西 北礁离岸台地 缓坡 中建凸起 镶边/陡坡 陡 浅水 北西 南东 中建离岸台地 镶边/陡坡 缓坡 缓 浅水 北西 北西 中建离岸台地 缓坡 永乐隆起 镶边/陡坡 陡 浅水 东西 东 永乐离岸台地 镶边/陡坡 缓坡 缓 浅水 北东 北东 永乐离岸台地 陡坡 西沙隆起 深水 晚中新世 西沙孤立台地 
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