Gas hydrate accumulation conditions in the Huaguang Depression of Qiongdongnan Basin and prediction of favorable zones
-
摘要:
分析了琼东南盆地华光凹陷天然气水合物稳定条件、气源供给来源、运移通道类型等成藏条件，指出了研究区天然气水合物的勘探方向并建立了天然气水合物的成藏模式。华光凹陷浅部沉积层的温度、压力条件满足天然气水合物形成的要求，生物成因甲烷水合物稳定带最大厚度约320m，热成因天然气水合物稳定带最大厚度约为345m。气源岩主要分布在凹陷西部地区的断陷期层序中，具有早、晚两期生烃且以晚期为主的特征，有利于热解成因气在水合物稳定带内的聚集成藏。晚中新世以来快速沉降的巨厚半深海细粒沉积物为生物成因气的形成提供了物质基础。泥底辟与其伴生断裂及多边形断层等构成了天然气水合物成藏的主要流体运移体系。华光凹陷靠近①号断裂的西部地区是有利的勘探方向。晚中新世以来的快速沉降使得渐新世成熟—过熟烃源岩大量生气或裂解，而且由于欠压实作用形成的地层超压为含气流体的运移提供了强大的动力。热解天然气和生物气沿着泥底辟和多边形断层等构成的输导网络向上垂向运移至水合物稳定带，形成天然气水合物，其中深水浊流水道是寻找高饱和度水合物的有利目标体。
Abstract:The temperature and pressure conditions of the shallow deposits in the Huaguang Depression meet well the requirements for natural gas hydrate accumulation. There the maximum thickness of the biogenic methane hydrate stable zone is about 320m, while the maximum thickness of the thermogenic gas hydrate stable zone is about 345m. Gas source rocks occur mainly in the rifting-stage sequence in the western part of the Huaguang Depression, in which there are two stages of hydrocarbon generation, with the later one dominating. It is favorable for the thermogenic natural gas to accumulate in the hydrate stability zone. Since Late Miocene, the rapid deposition of mudstone provided sufficient organic matters for the formation of biogenic gas. Mud diapirs, associated faults and polygonal faults constitute the main fluid migration system for natural gas hydrate accumulation. The western area close to the fault No. 1 is a favorable exploration target. The rapid subsidence since Late Miocene made the Oligocene hydrocarbon source rocks possible to produce a large amount of natural gas, and the overpressure formed by undercompaction provided a powerful driving force for the migration of gas bearing fluid. Thus the thermogenic and biogenic natural gas migrated upwards along mud diapirs and polygon faults to the hydrate stable zone, and eventually formed gas hydrate deposits there. The deep water turbidite channel is doubtlessly a favorable target for exploration of highly saturated hydrate.
-
Key words:
- gas hydrate /
- fluid transport /
- turbidite channel /
- Huaguang Depression /
- Qiongdongnan Basin
-
-
[1] Yang S X, Zhang M, Liang J Q, et al. Preliminary results of China's third gas hydrate drilling expedition: a critical step from dis covery to development in the South China Sea[J]. Fire in the Ice, 2015, 15(2):1-5.
[2] Zhang G X, Yang S X, Zhang M. GMGS2 expedition investigates rich and complex gas hydrate environment in the South China Sea[J]. Fire in the Ice, 2014, 14(1):1-5.
[3] Yang S X, Liang J Q, Lei Y, et al. GMGS4 gas hydrate drilling expedition in the South China Sea[J]. Fire in the Ice, 2017, 17(1):7-11.
[4] 陈多福, 李绪宣, 夏斌.南海琼东南盆地天然气水合物稳定域分布特征及资源预测[J].地球物理学报, 2004, 47(3):483-489. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2004.03.018
CHEN Duofu, LI Xuxuan, XIA Bin. Distribution of gas hydrate stable zones and resource prediction in the qiongdongnan basin of the South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2004, 47(3):483-489. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2004.03.018
[5] 满晓, 朱继田, 姚哲, 等.琼东南盆地深水区泥－流体底辟发育特征与天然气成藏[J].地质找矿论丛, 2018, 33(2): 257-263. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzzklc201802012
MAN Xiao, ZHU Jitian, YAO Zhe, et al. The characteristic of Mud- Fluid diapir and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in deep water area, Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 2018, 33(2): 257-263. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzzklc201802012
[6] Sun Q, Wu S, Hovland M, et al. The morphologies and genesis of mega-pockmarks near the Xisha Uplift, South China Sea[J]. Marine & Petroleum Geology, 2011, 28(6):1146-1156. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=78f637f3b279faf62c08f60c52be144e
[7] Li J F, Ye J l, Qin X W, et al.The first offshore natural gas hydrate production test in South Ch-ina Sea[J]. China Geology, 2018, 1(1):5-16.
[8] 杨力, 刘斌, 徐梦婕, 等.南海北部琼东南海域活动冷泉特征及形成模式[J].地球物理学报, 2018, 61(7): 2905-2914. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqwlxb201807020
YANG Li, LIU Bin, XU Mengjie, et al. Characteristics of active cold seepages in Qiongdongnan sea area of the northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018, 61(7): 2905-2914. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqwlxb201807020
[9] 刘斌, 刘胜旋.南海北部陆坡气泡羽状流的发现:多波束水体数据[J].海洋学报, 2017, 39 (9): 83-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.09.008
LIU Bin, LIU Shengxuan. Gas bubble plumes observed at north slope of South China Sea from multi-beam water column data [J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2017, 39 (9): 83-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2017.09.008
[10] 王静丽, 梁金强, 沙志彬, 等.南海北部琼东南海域气烟囱发育特征及其对水合物形成与分布的影响[J].海洋地质前沿, 2017, 33(3):1-6. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hydzdt201703001
WANG Jingli, LIANG Jinqiang, SHA Zhibin, et al. Development characteristics of gas chimney and its effect on formation and distribution of natural gas hydrate in the qiongdongnan area, northern South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology Letters, 2017, 33(3):1-6. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hydzdt201703001
[11] 杨志力, 吕福亮, 吴时国, 等.西沙海域天然气水合物的地震响应特征及分布[J].地球物理学进展, 2013, 28(6): 3307-3312. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqwlxjz201306060
YANG Zhili, LV Fuliang, WU Shiguo, et al. Seismic response and distribution of gas hydrates in the sediments of Xisha waters[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2013, 28(6): 3307-3312. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqwlxjz201306060
[12] 孙春岩, 吴能友, 牛滨华, 等.南海琼东南盆地气态烃地球化学特征及天然气水合物资源远景预测[J].现代地质, 2007, 21(1):95-100. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2007.01.011
SUN Chunyan, WU Nengyou, NIU Binhua, et al. Geochemical Characteristics of Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Hydrate Resource Prediction in the Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea[J]. Geoscience, 2007, 21(1): 95-100. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2007.01.011
[13] 陈琳莹, 罗敏.南海西沙西南海底麻坑区天然气水合物发育的孔隙水地球化学证据[J].地球化学, 2017, 46(6): 557-566. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0379-1726.2017.06.006
CHEN Linying, LUO Min. Gas hydrate occurrences inferred from pore water geochemistry in the pockmark field in the southwestern Xisha Uplift, South China Sea[J]. Geochimica, 2017, 46(6): 557-566. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0379-1726.2017.06.006
[14] 王秀娟, 吴时国, 王大伟, 等.琼东南盆地多边形断层在流体运移和天然气水合物成藏中的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2010, 45(1): 122-128. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sydqwlkt201001021
WANG Xiujuan, WU Shiguo, WANG Dawei, et al. The role of polygonal faults in fluid migration and gas hydrate reservoir forming in Southeast Hainan Basin[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2010, 45(1): 122-128. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/sydqwlkt201001021
[15] 拜阳, 宋海斌, 关永贤, 等.利用反射地震和多波束资料研究南海西北部麻坑的结构特征与成因[J].地球物理学报, 2014, 57(7):2208-2222. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=HYC201505290000006168
BAI Yang, SONG Haibin, GUAN YongXian, et al. Structural characteristics and genesis of pockmarks in the northwest of the South China Sea derived from reflective seismic and multibeam data[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2014, 57(7): 2208-2222. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=HYC201505290000006168
[16] 陈江欣, 关永贤, 宋海斌, 等.麻坑、泥火山在南海北部与西部陆缘的分布特征和地质意义[J].地球物理学报, 2015, 58(3):919-938. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqwlxb201503019
CHEN Jiangxin, GUAN Yongxian, SONG Haibin, et al. Distribution characteristics and geological implications of pockmarks and mud volcanoes in the northern and western continental margins of the South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2015, 58(3):919-938. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqwlxb201503019
[17] Cai Z, Xia B, Baofeng L, et al. Initial rifting process and dynamics mechanism of Huaguang Sag:Evidence from a numerical modeling method[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2015, 26(3):1-8.
[18] 杨涛涛, 吴敬武, 王彬, 等.琼东南盆地华光凹陷构造特征及沉积充填[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2012, 32(5):13-18. http://hydz.chinajournal.net.cn/WKD/WebPublication/paperDigest.aspx?paperID=47a46417-82a0-47aa-938d-03409f9eef51
YANG Taotao, WU Jingwu, WANG Bin, et al. Structural pattern and sediment filling in Huaguang Sag of southern Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2012, 32(5):13-18. http://hydz.chinajournal.net.cn/WKD/WebPublication/paperDigest.aspx?paperID=47a46417-82a0-47aa-938d-03409f9eef51
[19] 张功成, 张义娜, 沈怀磊, 等. "源热共控"琼东南盆地的天然气勘探潜力[J].天然气工业, 2014, 34(1):18-27. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.01.003
ZHANG Gongcheng, ZHANG Yina, SHEN Huailei, et al. An analysis of natural gas exploration potential in the Qiongdongnan Basin by use of the theory of joint control of source rock and geothermal heat[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(1): 18-27. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.01.003
[20] 施小斌, 于传海, 陈梅, 等.南海北部陆缘热流变化特征及其影响因素分析[J].地学前缘, 2017, 24(3):56-64. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201703005
SHI Xiaobin, YU Chuanhai, CHEN Mei, et al. Analyses of variation features and influential factors of heat flow in the northern margin of the South China Sea[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24 (3): 56-64. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201703005
[21] 吴能友, 张海啟, 杨胜雄, 等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探[J].天然气工业, 2007, 27(9):1-6. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0976.2007.09.001
WU Nengyou, ZHANG Haiqi, YANG Shengxiong, et al. Preliminary discussion on natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoir system of Shenhu area, north slope of South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007, 27(9):1-6. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0976.2007.09.001
[22] 黄艳辉, 刘震, 吕福亮, 等.琼东南深水区华光凹陷渐新统崖城组烃源岩早期预测[J].地质学报, 2015, 89(4):805-816. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2015.04.012
HUANG Yanhui, LIU Zhen, LU Fuliang, et al. Early prediction on source rocks of the Oligocene Yacheng Formation in the deepwater area of Huaguang Depression, Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2015, 89(4):805-816. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2015.04.012
[23] 朱继田, 裴健翔, 孙志鹏, 等.琼东南盆地新构造运动及其对晚期油气成藏的控制[J].天然气地球科学, 2011, 22(4): 649-656. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqdqkx201104012
ZHU Jitian, PEI Jianxiang, SUN Zhipeng, et al. Feature of neotectonism and its control on late hydrocarbon accumulation in Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2011, 22(4): 649-656. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqdqkx201104012
[24] 李明宅, 张洪年.生物气成藏规律研究[J].天然气工业, 1997, 17(2): 6-10. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqgy200412004
LI Mingzhai, ZHANG Hongnian. Research on the formation of biogas reservoir[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 1997, 17(2):6-10. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/trqgy200412004
[25] 何家雄, 夏斌, 张启明, 等.南海北部边缘盆地生物气和亚生物气资源潜力与勘探前景分析[J].天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(2):167-174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2005.02.007
HE Jiaxiong, XIA Bin, ZHANG Qiming, et al. Resources base and exploration potential of biogenic and Sub-biogenic gas in marginal basin of the northern South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2005, 16(2):167-174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2005.02.007
[26] 姚根顺, 袁圣强, 吴时国, 等.琼东南盆地深水区双物源沉积模式及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发, 2008, 35(6):685-691. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2008.06.008
YAO Genshun, YUAN Shengqiang, WU Shiguo, et al. Double provenance depositional model and exploration prospect in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2008, 35(6):685-691. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2008.06.008
[27] 姚根顺, 袁圣强, 马玉波, 等.琼东南华光凹陷深水重力搬运沉积体系及其油气勘探[J].地球科学, 2009, 34(3):471-476. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2383.2009.03.011
YAO Genshun, YUAN Shengqiang; MA Yubo, et al. Deepwater mass transport deposition system of Huaguang Depression, Qiondongnan Basin and its significance for hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Earth Science, 2009, 34(3):471-476. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2383.2009.03.011
[28] 苏新, 陈芳, 于兴河, 等.南海陆坡中新世以来沉积物特性与气体水合物分布初探[J].现代地质, 2005, 19(1):1-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2005.01.001
SU Xin, CHEN Fang, YU Xinghe, et al. A pilot study on Miocene through Holocene sediments from the continental slope of the South China Sea in correlation with possible distribution of gas hydrates[J]. Geoscience, 2005, 19(1): 1-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2005.01.001
[29] Waseda A. Organic carbon content, bacterial methanogenesis, and accumulation processes of gas hydrates in marine sediments[J]. Geochemical Journal, 1998, 32(3): 143-157. doi: 10.2343/geochemj.32.143
[30] 姜辉, 岑芳, 于兴河.天然气水合物BSR的影响因素分析[J].天然气工业, 2008, 28(1): 64-66. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2008.01.016
JIANG Hui, CEN Fang, YU Xinghe. Influencing factors of BSR in gas hydrates[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2008, 28(1): 64-66. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2008.01.016
[31] 陈端新, 吴时国, 王志君, 等.南海北部陆缘深水盆地多边形断层几何特征及成因[J].石油学报, 2012, 33(4):610-616. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201204010
CHEN Duanxin, WU Shiguo, WANG Zhijun, et al. Geometry and genesis of polygonal faults in epicontinental deepwater basins, northern South China Sea[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(4):610-616. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201204010
[32] 翟普强, 陈红汉, 谢玉洪, 等.琼东南盆地深水区超压演化与油气运移模拟[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版, 2013, 44(10): 4187-4196. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201310033.htm
ZHAI Puqiang; CHEN Honghan; XIE Yuhong, et al. Modelling of evolution of overpressure system and hydrocarbon migration in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Central South University of Science and Technology, 2013, 44(10): 4187-4196. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201310033.htm
[33] Shi W, Xie Y, Wang Z, et al. Characteristics of overpressure distribution and its implication for hydrocarbon exploration in the Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 66:150-165. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.037
[34] Yuan S, Wu S, Thomas L, et al. Fine-grained Pleistocene deepwater turbidite channel system on the slope of Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea[J]. Marine & Petroleum Geology, 2009, 26(8):1441-1451. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=0241b00093007aecf156ca10a00f0e5f
-
下载:
图(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2478
- PDF下载数: 49
- 施引文献: 0