Depositional pattern and exploration prospect of the deepwater sediments in Shuangfeng basin
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摘要:
南海是中国海洋地质调查、油气和天然气水合物勘探的重点区域，随着南海浅水区勘探程度不断提高，南海北部深水区逐渐成为研究热点。然而，南海北部深水区双峰盆地研究程度仍然较低，以该区2D多道地震及围区钻井资料为基础，使用地球物理地震勘探理论和类比分析的方法研究了盆地地层沉积结构样式和油气勘探前景。在双峰盆地追踪了7个主要反射面，以不整合面为界划分了3套地震层序。研究认为盆地新生界地层厚度较大，中—晚中新世后，盆地进入半深海-深海相沉积环境，发育了以下切水道、深水扇及滑塌体为代表的深水沉积。盆地西部和北部坳陷渐新统湖相-海湾相泥岩，现今已达到成熟-早成熟阶段，具有一定的生烃能力。周缘发育冲积扇和扇三角洲沉积，盆内发育斜坡扇和盆底扇，可为良好储层。早中新世以来发育的半深海相泥岩，可为良好的区域盖层，具有较好的生储盖组合，预测该区具有良好的油气勘探前景。
Abstract:The South China Sea is an important region offshore China for exploration of oil and gas resources and gas hydrate. As the exploration in the shallow waters is moving into a mature stage, the deep water area in the northern part of the South China Sea has gradually become a research hotspot. The study of the Shuangfeng Basin in the deep water basins of the northern South China Sea is obviously lagged behind the others. In this paper, seismic geophysical exploration theories and analogy methods are applied to study the tectono-sedimentary pattern and oil and gas exploration prospects of the basin, based on the 2D multi-channel seismic data and the drilling data of the basin and surrounding areas. A large amount of seismic data were processed and analyzed, and seven reflection horizons traceable recognized in the Shuangfeng basin. Three sets of the seismic sequence are established according to unconformable boundaries. Data shows that after mid-Late Miocene, the basin entered into a bathyal-pelagic depositional environment dominated by deep water sediments, such as undercut channel-fillings, deep water fans and slump deposits. The Cenozoic in the basin is quite thick. Analogy analysis of drilling data and basin modeling suggest that the Oligocene lacustrine-gulf facies in the western and northern depressions have reached the maturity or early maturity stage and had certain hydrocarbon generation capacity. The alluvial fan and fan deltaic deposits developed around the periphery, and the slope fan and the pelvic fan developed in the basin center could be good reservoirs. The bathyal mudstone deposited since Early Miocene are good in quality as regional cap rocks. Excellent source-reservoir-cap systems are available for oil and gas accumulation.
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Key words:
- deep-water sediment /
- depositional pattern /
- exploration prospect /
- Shuangfeng basin
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表 1 地震相类型及特征
Table 1. Seismic facies types and characteristics
序号 地震相类型 沉积相类型 类 亚类 ① 平行-亚平行相 弱振幅、弱连续 湖、海 ② 中—强振幅、连续 湖、海 ③ 席相 中振幅、中连续 中—深湖、半深湖—深海 ④ 强振幅、连续 浅湖 ⑤ 杂乱相 — 扇三角洲、冲积扇、
滑塌体⑥ 前积相 S形 三角洲（低水流能量） ⑦ 复合形 三角洲（中水流能量） ⑧ 斜交形 三角洲（高水流能量） ⑨ 叠瓦状 三角洲（斜坡区浅水环境强水流） ⑩ 充填相 平行 河流、下切水道 ⑪ 杂乱 ⑫ 丘形反射相 — 海（湖）底扇、
扇三角洲、礁
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表 2 国内外深水扇（盆底扇、斜坡扇）储集砂体物性统计[22-27]
Table 2. Reservoir properties of deepwater fan (basin floor fan, slope fan)
储集砂体 面积/km2 厚度/m 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10−3 μm2 代表井 盆底扇和浊积水道砂岩 18.6～87.0 20 11.72 琼东南盆地LD30-1-1A 盆底扇砂岩 179 193 16 11.8 琼东南盆地YA35-1-1井 浊积砂体 ＞6 000 30～100 25～30 532.94 巴西Marlin、Albacora油田 盆底扇砂岩 370～630 ＞100 30 白云凹陷LH33-1、BY7-1和BY14-1 浊积砂体 76 20～24 20～4 000 北海北克莱莫尔油田 深水水道砂岩 13.2 1.52 琼东南盆地YC35-1-1 盆底扇砂岩 193 25～30 深水水道砂岩 18.6～87.0 20 11.88 琼东南盆地西部LD30-1-1井 浊积砂岩 20～30 ＞1 000 坎波斯盆地 深水水道砂岩 15～37 40～1 000 美国墨西哥湾深水区 斜坡扇 27～35 0.2～4.0
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