Characteristics of marine carbonate reservoirs in the Northern Lower Congo Basin
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摘要:
西非下刚果盆地为一典型被动大陆边缘含盐盆地，下刚果盆地北部海域在白垩系海相碳酸盐岩层系获得丰富油气发现。研究区海相碳酸盐岩领域油气勘探面临的核心瓶颈问题，即白垩系碳酸盐岩的沉积模式、演化规律、储层特征以及沉积储层发育控制因素。综合钻井、地震、区域地质等资料，分析认为自下向上相对海平面的上升控制了沉积演化，沉积体系演化模式为浅海碳酸盐岩台地→浅海混积陆棚→半深海-海底扇。下刚果盆地碳酸盐岩储层展布在纵向及平面上均可以划分为内中外3个储层发育带，碳酸盐岩储层最主要发育于下白垩统Albian阶下Sendji组。该时期研究区整体发育浅海碳酸盐岩混积缓坡台地沉积体系，沉积亚相可进一步划分为混积滨岸、后缓坡、浅水缓坡以及深水缓坡4种类型，其中浅水缓坡亚相颗粒滩微相与后缓坡亚相台内浅滩、砂质浅滩微相储层最为发育。碳酸盐岩储层岩性组合主要包括颗粒灰岩、砂岩、砂质灰岩、白云岩4种类型；储层发育主要受沉积相带的控制，并受成岩作用的影响。
Abstract:The Lower Congo Basin of west Africa, a passive continent-marginal and salt-bearing basin, is located in the north of offshore Congo (Brazzaville). Abundant hydrocarbon accumulations have been found in the Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs there. However, critical problems still remained with hydrocarbon exploration and development of the Cretaceous marine carbonate reservoirs, such as the deposition and evolution of the carbonate deposits, and the characteristics and control factors of the origin of reservoirs. Study of the deposition of marine carbonate reservoir characters reveals that relative sea-level changes influenced the deposition and evolution of the carbonate deposits during the period from Cretaceous Sendji Formation to Madingo Formation, suggesting facies changes from the offshore carbonate ramp platform facies to shallow shelf and submarine fan facies. There are three sets of carbonate reservoirs in the basin. The carbonate reservoirs of the study area mainly occur in the Lower Cretaceous Sendji Formation, which belongs to the shallow marine carbonate ramp platform system. Four subfacies are recognized, which includes the mixed shore, back ramp, shallow ramp and deep slope. Reservoir are well developed in the grainstone shoal microfacies of the shallow ramp subfacies, and the shoal and sandy shoal microfacies reservoirs in the back ramp subfacies. The lithologic assemblages of carbonate reservoirs in the study area mainly include four types: grainstone, sandstone, sandy limestone and dolomite, controlled by sedimentary facies and influenced by diagenesis.
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