Identification of submarine fan in the Meishan Formation of the Ledong-Lingshui Sag in the Qiongdongnan Basin and its depositional model
-
摘要:
近年来，乐东–陵水凹陷新近系岩性圈闭成为南海海域勘探的热点，发现了多个大气田，且已发现的岩性圈闭均与海底扇、浊积水道密切相关，为了获得更多天然气发现，提高岩性圈闭的勘探成功率，应加强海底扇识别及沉积模式研究。本次研究基于乐东–陵水凹陷的钻井和三维地震资料，以经典层序地层学为指导，从钻井取心入手，综合运用测井、FMI成像测井及分析化验等资料，分析了乐东–陵水凹陷梅山组海底扇的岩相、沉积构造、测井相及地震相特征。梅山组海底扇岩性以粉砂岩为主，发育块状构造、小型交错层理和冲刷面，结合粒度、C-M图分析认为其为浊流沉积，后期受牵引流改造。在梅山组地层内识别出三种类型海底扇：水道化型、盆底扇型、底流改造型海底扇，可进一步划分为3个期次，各期海底扇形成演化、主物源方向受古地貌影响由陵水凹陷向乐东凹陷迁移，扇体规模逐渐变大。综合考虑坡折带、相对海平面变化、三角洲物源供给对沉积的控制，建立了乐东–陵水凹陷梅山组“源–沟–坡–扇”的海底扇沉积模式。
Abstract:The Neogene lithologic traps in the Ledong-Lingshui Sag have become hotspots for exploration of oil and gas in the South China Sea in recent years. Some large gas fields are discovered closely related to submarine fans and turbidite deposits. In order to obtain more natural gas discoveries to enhance the exploration success rate in the lithologic traps, it has become an urgent task to researchers to identify the submarine fans and to establish their depositional model. With the support of drilling and 3D seismic data from the Ledong-Lingshui Sag and following the principles of sequence stratigraphy, we started researches on the cores from drilling holes. Lithofacies, logging facies and seismic facies as well as sedimentary structures of the Meishan Formation submarine fans in the Ledong-Lingshui sag are carefully studied using well logging, FMI imaging logging and chemical data as tools. The submarine fans of the Meishan Formation is dominated by massive siltstone, with small cross bedding and scouring surfaces, which is recognized as turbidity current deposits later modified by tractive current based on grain size distribution pattern such as C-M diagram. Three types of submarine fans, say, channel type, basin floor type, and underflow reformed type, are defined. The deposits may be further divided into three periods, and the formation and evolution of the submarine fans in each period as well as the main source direction are affected by paleotopograpic framework. With the fans moving from the Lingshui sag to the Ledong sag, the scale of fans increased gradually. Upon the consideration of the type and distribution of slope breaks, relative sea level changes, deltaic source supply, and paleogeomorphological control over sedimentation, a depositional model including source, channel, slope and fan is established for the Meishan Formation in the Ledong-Lingshui Sag.
-
Key words:
- submarine fan /
- sedimentary model /
- the Qiongdongn basin /
- the Ledong-Lingshui Sag /
- Meishan Formation
-
-
[1] Forel F A. Les ravins sous-lacustres des fleuves glaciaires [J]. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, 1885, 101: 725-728.
[2] Bouma A H. Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposits: A Graphic Approach to Facies Interpretation[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1962: 168.
[3] Vail P R, Mitchum R M, Thompson S. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level[M]//Payton C E. Seismic Stratigraphy—Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. Tulsa: AAPG Memoir, 1977: 63-81.
[4] Bouma A H. Key controls on the characteristics of turbidite systems[M]//Lomas S A, Joseph P. Confined Turbidite Systems. London: Geological Society, 2004: 9-22.
[5] Muntingh A, Brown Jr L F. Sequence stratigraphy of petroleum plays, post-rift cretaceous rocks (Lower Aptian to Upper Maastrichtian), Orange Basin, western offshore, South Africa[C]//Weimer P, Posamentier H. Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy: Recent Developments and Applications. Tulsa: AAPG, 1993: 71-98.
[6] 熊波, 苏龙, 张功成, 等. 琼东南盆地深水区崖城组煤系烃源岩定量评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014, 25(4):542-550
XIONG Bo, SU Long, ZHANG Gongcheng, et al. Quantitative evaluation for coal-bearing source rocks of Yacheng Formation in the deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2014, 25(4): 542-550.
[7] 张亚雄, 朱筱敏, 张功成, 等. 中国南海琼东南盆地渐新统陵水组沉积特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2013, 24(5):956-964
ZHANG Yaxiong, ZHU Xiaomin, ZHANG Gongcheng, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of Oligocene Lingshui Formation in Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2013, 24(5): 956-964.
[8] 吴玉坤, 胡明毅, 刘志峰, 等. 琼东南盆地崖北凹陷崖城组沉积相及煤系烃源岩分布[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2013, 24(3):582-590
WU Yukun, HU Mingyi, LIU Zhifeng, et al. The sedimentary facies and coal measures source rock distribution of Yacheng Formation in Yabei sag, Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2013, 24(3): 582-590.
[9] 王子嵩, 刘震, 黄保家, 等. 琼东南盆地深水区中央坳陷带东部渐新统烃源岩分布及评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014, 25(3):360-371
WANG Zisong, LIU Zhen, HUANG Baojia, et al. Distribution and evaluation of Oligocene source rocks in the east of central depression belt in deep-water area, Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2014, 25(3): 360-371.
[10] 左倩媚, 张道军, 王亚辉, 等. 琼东南盆地深水区新近系海底扇沉积特征与资源潜力[J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(11):105-116
ZUO Qianmei, ZHANG Daojun, WANG Yahui, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and exploration potential of Neogene submarine fan in the Deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2016, 38(11): 105-116.
[11] 田姗姗, 苏明, 何云龙, 等. 琼东南盆地新近系坡折带特征及其对沉积体系的控制[J]. 科技导报, 2010, 28(10):73-78
TIAN Shanshan, SU Ming, HE Yunlong, et al. Patterns of Neogene slope-break zones and the depositional system under their control in Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Science & Technology Review, 2010, 28(10): 73-78.
[12] 龙根元, 吴世敏, 刘兵, 等. 琼东南盆地南部坳陷带12号断层性质及成因[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2016, 36(2):93-99
LONG Genyuan, WU Shimin, LIU Bing, et al. Features of NO.12 fault and its forming mechanism in the southern depression of Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2016, 36(2): 93-99.
[13] 胡杨, 张伟, 张景茹, 等. 南海北部大陆边缘琼东南盆地有利油气聚集带及勘探方向[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015, 35(4):73-86
HU Yang, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Jingru, et al. The favorable petroleum accumulation belts and exploration targets in Qiongdongnan Basin on the margin of northern South China Sea [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2015, 35(4): 73-86.
[14] 杨军, 施小斌, 王振峰, 等. 琼东南盆地张裂期沉降亏损与裂后期快速沉降成因[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015, 35(1):81-90
YANG Jun, SHI Xiaobin, WANG Zhenfeng, et al. Origin of syn-rift subsidence deficit and rapid post-rift subsidence in Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2015, 35(1): 81-90.
[15] 赵民, 张晓宝, 吉利明, 等. 琼东南盆地构造演化特征及其对油气藏的控制浅析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2010, 21(3):494-502
ZHAO Min, ZHANG Xiaobao, JI Liming, et al. Characteristics of tectonic evolution in the Qiongdongnan Basin and brief discussion about its controlling on reservoirs [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2010, 21(3): 494-502.
[16] 谢文彦, 张一伟, 孙珍, 等. 琼东南盆地断裂构造与成因机制[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2007, 27(1):71-78
XIE Wenyan, ZHANG Yiwei, SUN Zhen, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanism of faults in Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27(1): 71-78.
[17] 范彩伟, 李绪深, 刘昆, 等. 琼东南盆地乐东、陵水凹陷中新统岩性地层圈闭成藏条件[J]. 中国海上油气, 2016, 28(2):53-59
FAN Caiwei, LI Xushen, LIU Kun, et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation condition of Miocene litho-stratigraphic trap in Ledong & Lingshui sags, Qiongdongnan Basin [J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2016, 28(2): 53-59.
[18] 冯杨伟, 屈红军, 张功成, 等. 南海北部琼东南盆地深水区梅山组一段地震相分析[J]. 矿物岩石, 2016, 36(1):82-95
FENG Yangwei, QU Hongjun, ZHANG Gongcheng, et al. The seismic facies analyzing of deep water area of Miocene Meishan formation in Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea [J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 2016, 36(1): 82-95.
[19] 王元. 莺琼盆地烃源岩生源构成、生烃潜力及其控藏作用研究[D]. 中国矿业大学(北京)博士学位论文, 2018.
WANG Yuan. Source composition, hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in Yingqiong Basin[D]. Doctor Dissertation of China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), 2018.
[20] 赵忠泉, 钟广见, 冯常茂, 等. 南海北部西沙海槽盆地新生代层序地层及地震相[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2016, 36(1):15-26
ZHAO Zhongquan, ZHONG Guangjian, FENG Changmao, et al. Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and seismic facies analysis of Xisha Trough Basin in northern South China Sea [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2016, 36(1): 15-26.
[21] 雷振宇, 张莉, 苏明, 等. 南海南部北康盆地中中新世深水沉积体类型、特征及意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2017, 37(6):110-118
LEI Zhenyu, ZHANG Li, SU Ming, et al. Middle Miocene deep-water sediments in the Beikang Basin, southern South China Sea: types, characteristics and implications [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2017, 37(6): 110-118.
[22] 张建新, 党亚云, 何小胡, 等. 莺歌海盆地乐东区峡谷水道成因及沉积特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015, 35(5):29-36
ZHANG Jianxin, DANG Yayun, HE Xiaohu, et al. Origin and sedimentary characteristics of canyon channels in Ledong area of Yinggehai Basin [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2015, 35(5): 29-36.
[23] 王远, 严学新, 王治华, 等. 现代长江水下三角洲浅地层地震相特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2019, 39(2):114-122
WANG Yuan, YAN Xuexin, WANG Zhihua, et al. Shallow seismic facies characteristics of the modern underwater delta of the Yangtze River [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2019, 39(2): 114-122.
-
下载:
图(10)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1674
- PDF下载数: 46
- 施引文献: 0