Penglaiba Formation of the Gucheng area, Tarim basin and its implications
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摘要:
塔里木盆地塔东低隆起中下奥陶统白云岩成因众说纷纭，严重阻碍了该区油气勘探步伐。基于岩芯、薄片、阴极发光等观察，针对塔东低隆起古城构造带中下奥陶统蓬莱坝组，对各种粒度白云岩、缝洞方解石、泥晶灰岩进行了系统的稀土元素地球化学特征的测试。各种粒度白云岩、缝洞方解石测试结果用泥晶灰岩稀土元素含量进行标准化。结果表明，样品稀土元素配分曲线可分为三种类型。综合白云岩岩石学特征和地球化学特征发现，较细粒白云岩及缝洞充填物呈现明显的负δCe特征，表明其形成于蒸发环境；较粗粒白云岩和缝洞充填物则分为负δEu型、正δEu型两种，其中负δEu型样品形成于埋藏环境，而正δEu型样品形成于热液环境。而早期形成的白云岩在埋藏过程中可能受到埋藏流体、热液流体的再作用。
Abstract:Disputes have occurred for a long time on the forming mechanism of the dolomite in the Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation in the Gucheng area of Tadong low uplift, Tarim Basin, that have seriously hindered oil and gas exploration there. This time, based on the observation of cores, thin sections and cathodoluminescence results, the geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements from various forms of dolomite, such as sparite, cave filling and micrite, are systematically analyzed. All the testing results are standardized by the rare earth elements in micrite. There observed three types of REE distribution patterns which suggest three kinds. The first kind of dolomitization is the buried dolomitization by fluids; the second kind of dolomitization formed in a hydrothermal environment, and the third kind driven by evaporative pump. Some dolomite formed earlier may be further modified and/or reformed by other kinds of dolomitization fluids later on.
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Key words:
- dolomite /
- REE geochemistry /
- Tarim Basin /
- Penglaiba formation
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表 1 古城地区碳酸盐岩样品稀土元素含量及特征参数
Table 1. REE contents and characteristic parameters of carbonate rocks in Gucheng area
稀土元素质量单位：μg/g 序号 岩性 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ΣREE ΣLREE ΣHREE ΣLREE/ΣHREE δCe δEu (La/Yb)N 1 缝洞方解石 0.545 1.376 0.102 0.319 0.080 0.018 0.013 0.069 0.014 0.035 0.007 0.033 0.006 2.617 2.440 0.177 13.785 1.571 0.796 1.022 2 缝洞方解石 0.229 0.330 0.043 0.165 0.035 0.009 0.006 0.034 0.007 0.023 0.003 0.022 0.003 0.909 0.811 0.098 8.276 0.895 0.884 0.644 3 缝洞方解石 1.083 2.944 0.240 0.654 0.145 0.033 0.014 0.082 0.014 0.035 0.005 0.030 0.005 5.284 5.099 0.185 27.562 1.548 1.022 2.234 4 粗-中晶白云岩 0.944 2.560 0.201 0.587 0.139 0.027 0.021 0.109 0.021 0.061 0.011 0.061 0.010 4.752 4.458 0.294 15.163 1.578 0.713 0.958 5 中晶白云岩 0.181 0.339 0.037 0.166 0.069 0.028 0.005 0.023 0.003 0.013 0.002 0.017 0.002 0.885 0.820 0.065 12.615 1.114 2.022 0.659 6 中-细晶白云岩 0.390 0.939 0.072 0.214 0.051 0.011 0.007 0.037 0.007 0.020 0.003 0.018 0.003 1.772 1.677 0.095 17.653 1.509 0.830 1.341 7 中-细晶白云岩 0.319 0.526 0.066 0.374 0.117 0.047 0.010 0.032 0.007 0.026 0.003 0.020 0.003 1.550 1.449 0.101 14.347 0.974 1.890 0.987 8 中-细晶白云岩 0.475 1.255 0.094 0.277 0.071 0.015 0.009 0.050 0.010 0.029 0.005 0.029 0.004 2.323 2.187 0.136 16.081 1.598 0.844 1.014 9 中-细晶白云岩 0.180 0.354 0.061 0.768 0.049 0.013 0.007 0.040 0.008 0.021 0.004 0.024 0.003 1.532 1.425 0.107 13.318 0.870 1.002 0.464 10 细晶白云岩 2.595 6.590 0.557 1.603 0.360 0.064 0.046 0.241 0.047 0.137 0.024 0.141 0.022 12.427 11.769 0.658 17.886 1.472 0.708 1.139 11 细晶白云岩 2.873 7.213 0.609 1.703 0.388 0.070 0.051 0.255 0.050 0.149 0.026 0.147 0.023 13.557 12.856 0.701 18.340 1.465 0.709 1.210 12 细-粉晶白云岩 0.401 0.742 0.132 1.363 0.090 0.023 0.013 0.063 0.013 0.036 0.006 0.038 0.006 2.926 2.751 0.175 15.720 0.834 0.960 0.653 13 细-粉晶白云岩 0.875 1.590 0.290 2.434 0.201 0.045 0.029 0.153 0.029 0.081 0.014 0.086 0.014 5.841 5.435 0.406 13.387 0.815 0.841 0.630 14 粉晶白云岩 0.553 1.124 0.203 1.884 0.165 0.045 0.023 0.127 0.024 0.066 0.012 0.075 0.012 4.313 3.974 0.339 11.723 0.853 1.042 0.456 注：下标N代表白云岩样品稀土元素的泥晶灰岩标准化值，ΣREE、ΣLREE、ΣHREE代表总稀土、轻稀土、重稀土元素量。
δCe=2×CeN/(LaN+PrN)，δEu=2×EuN/(SmN+TbN)。
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表 2 古城地区中下奥陶统泥晶灰岩稀土元素含量及特征参数
Table 2. REE contents and characteristic parameters of Middle-Lower Ordovician micrite in Gucheng area
稀土元素质量单位：μg/g 序号 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ΣREE ΣLREE ΣHREE ΣLREE/ΣHREE δCeNASC δEuNASC (La/Yb)NASC 15 0.621 1.083 0.130 0.460 0.091 0.023 0.012 0.067 0.012 0.035 0.006 0.035 0.005 2.580 2.408 0.172 14.000 0.827 1.233 1.719 16 1.641 2.652 0.293 1.074 0.208 0.061 0.029 0.146 0.027 0.083 0.013 0.078 0.012 6.317 5.929 0.388 15.281 0.822 1.393 2.038 17 1.251 1.914 0.201 0.795 0.150 0.043 0.021 0.114 0.021 0.069 0.011 0.063 0.011 4.664 4.354 0.310 14.045 0.813 1.359 1.924 18 2.160 3.315 0.410 1.512 0.321 0.083 0.053 0.277 0.057 0.179 0.031 0.176 0.030 8.604 7.801 0.803 9.715 0.761 1.128 1.189 19 0.402 0.751 0.092 0.354 0.069 0.016 0.009 0.047 0.009 0.025 0.005 0.024 0.004 1.807 1.684 0.123 13.691 0.850 1.137 1.623 注：下标NASC代表泥晶灰岩样品稀土元素的北美页岩(NASC)标准化值，ΣREE、ΣLREE、ΣHREE代表总稀土、轻稀土、重稀土元素量。
δCeNASC=2×CeNASC/(LaNASC+PrNASC)，δEuNASC=2×EuNASC/(SmNASC+TbNASC)。
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