A genetic and evolutionary model for the Pliocene granular limestone reef in the Madura Strait Basin, Indonesia
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摘要:
马都拉海峡盆地北部外陆架台地发育有E-W向一字排列的颗粒灰岩生物礁体。该生物礁是有孔虫（主要为抱球虫目）壳体经过各种沉积作用形成的堆积体，发育于早上新世挤压反转期盆地北部边缘区。由于生物礁生长发育所经历的特殊性，其岩石学特征等信息常常具有标志性的反映，因此礁体的剖面反射特征和地震属性相比于围岩会存在不小的差异。这些差异为人们利用地震解释和地震属性提取技术识别生物礁奠定了基础，如在地震剖面上，生物礁往往出现对称丘状外形反射、礁前斜坡前积反射、礁内部杂乱反射和不连续强反射的特征等等。以O-2井钻遇的存在抱球虫化石的马都拉海峡盆地上新统芒杜组沉积地层为研究对象，从地质背景入手，描述了盆地的新生代构造特征和发育各时期所对应的地层。通过进行层位标定和三维地震解释，结合地震属性提取技术，同时考虑到生物礁的发育形态与环境，最终获得了盆地抱球虫颗粒灰岩生物礁在空间上的分布。最后，本文结合盆地历史上的沉积构造活动，提出反转断裂带活动是研究区控制生物礁生长的重要因素，并据此总结了马都拉海峡盆地芒杜组台地边缘生物礁的发育模式。
Abstract:Granular limestone reefs in an east-west direction are well developed on the outer shelf platform along the northern margin of the Madura Strait Basin, Indonesia. The reefs were formed by foraminifera shells during the compression and inversion period of early Pliocene in this region. Because of their specific origin, the petrological characteristics and seismic reflection attributes are obviously different from the surrounding rocks. These differences make it possible to identify reefs from others with seismic interpretation and seismic attribute extraction technology. For example, the reefs are often in a symmetrical hilly shape in seismic profiles, with inclined fore-reef reflection, disordered reflection and discontinuous strong reflections etc. This paper is devoted to the deposits of Pliocene Mundu Formation in the Madura Strait Basin mainly consisting of coccidian fossils from the drilling hole of Well O-2. It starts from the geological background of the region. An introduction is made to the Cenozoic tectonics and stratigraphic sequences of the basin. Through horizon calibration and three-dimensional seismic interpretation with seismic attribute extraction technology, and considering the development history and environmental patterns of the reefs, the spatial distribution of the granular coccidia limestone reefs in the basin is finally described. The study of the basin history suggests that the inverted fault zone activity is an important factor to control the reef growth in the study area. Upon the basis of this, a reef development model of the Madura Strait Basin is summarized.
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