Geochemical characteristics of clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers and their implications for provenance
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摘要:
本文对长江与黄河口黏土粒级沉积物主微量元素的地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明：长江相对富集Al、K、Fe、Ti等常量元素以及Cr、V、Li、Zn、Ni和Rb等微量元素，黄河以高Ca、Sr和Ba为特征；长江沉积物中稀土元素含量高于黄河沉积物，长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物中稀土元素的分馏程度相同，均具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾的球粒陨石标准化配分模式，上陆壳标准化配分模式为中稀土元素富集，黄河沉积物的Ce负异常和Eu正异常程度较长江沉积物偏弱。长江沉积物中元素含量变化较大，而黄河沉积物中元素含量较为稳定。黏土粒级沉积物的稀土元素更接近其物源区，＜2 μm的黏土粒级沉积物中的REE可以作为判识长江与黄河沉积物的地球化学指标。ΣREE、δCe可以作为长江、黄河入海沉积物的判别指标。长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的地球化学特征受源区岩石类型、化学风化、水动力分选等因素的控制。化学风化引起河流沉积物相对其源岩发生地球化学分异，水动力分选使矿物在不同粒级沉积物中富集，从而引起地球化学组成在不同粒级沉积物中的分异。
Abstract:In this paper, the element compositions and the geochemical characteristics of the clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers estuaries were studied. It is found that the sediments in the Yangtze River is relatively rich in major elements Al, K, Fe, Ti and trace elements Cr, V, Li, Zn, Ni, Rb, whereas the Yellow River sediments characterized by Ca, Sr and Ba. As far as the rare earth elements are considered, the sediments from the Yangtze River contain more rare earth elements (REEs) with same fractionation degree comparing to those from the Yellow River. Chondrite standardized curve of rare earth elements reveals a pattern of LREE enrichment and HREE heavy loss in a slightly right-wing type. In the standardized distribution model by the upper continental crust, medium REEs are enriched. However, the negative Ce anomaly and the positive Eu anomaly of the Yellow River sediments are smaller than those in the Yangtze River sediments. The content of elements in the sediments of the Yangtze River varies greatly. Instead it is relatively concentrated in the Yellow River sediments. RERs, ΣREE, δCe of clay-sized sediments are closer to the source rocks and can be used as a geochemical indicator to distinguish the sediments of the Yangtze River from the sediments of the Yellow River. The geochemical characteristics of clay-sized sediments from the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are controlled by lithology, chemical weathering and hydrodynamic sorting in the source area. Chemical weathering caused the geochemical differentiation of river sediments starting from the source, and the hydrodynamic environment contributed to the differentiation and separation of minerals of different sizes in the transportation.
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Key words:
- the Yangtze River /
- the Yellow River /
- clay-sized sediment /
- geochemistry /
- provenance
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表 1 长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的常量元素含量（%）
Table 1. Major element contents in the clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers（%）
Al2O3 CaO TFe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 TiO2 黄河 平均值 19.61 10.03 8.59 3.38 3.82 0.17 0.41 0.29 0.63 标准偏差 0.52 0.65 0.24 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 变异系数 2.64 6.46 2.76 2.36 2.37 7.40 5.10 6.83 3.43 长江 平均值 23.50 1.99 9.81 3.62 3.24 0.19 0.37 0.30 0.90 标准偏差 0.50 0.60 0.47 0.13 0.11 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.07 变异系数 2.11 30.01 4.82 3.61 3.28 17.56 9.54 7.29 7.77 
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表 2 长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的微量元素含量（μg/g）
Table 2. Trace element contents in the clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers（μg/g）
Sr Cr V Zn Ba Li Be Sc Co 黄河 平均值 226.81 106.33 140.96 149.13 578.00 76.91 3.48 24.72 23.48 标准偏差 8.95 2.42 5.17 6.57 22.83 3.99 0.14 0.71 0.68 变异系数 3.94 2.27 3.67 4.40 3.95 5.19 3.89 2.86 2.91 长江 平均值 105.72 130.12 178.84 193.58 542.67 105.77 4.18 26.34 27.88 标准偏差 11.09 8.42 9.29 39.34 43.52 3.20 0.17 0.85 2.19 变异系数 10.49 6.47 5.19 20.32 8.02 3.03 4.16 3.24 7.86 Ni Cu Ga Rb Mo Cs Pb Th U 黄河 平均值 59.19 60.55 27.45 169.60 1.32 15.94 53.82 20.51 2.80 标准偏差 1.63 4.04 0.75 4.85 0.12 0.45 2.81 0.55 0.11 变异系数 2.76 6.68 2.73 2.86 9.10 2.83 5.21 2.68 4.05 长江 平均值 70.35 65.57 32.74 218.73 0.95 20.52 60.47 22.22 3.58 标准偏差 4.14 13.79 0.95 2.61 0.29 0.86 13.30 1.58 0.33 变异系数 5.89 21.03 2.90 1.19 30.31 4.18 22.00 7.12 9.16
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表 3 长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的稀土元素含量及参数
Table 3. REE contents and parameters in the clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
ΣREE/（μg/g） LREE/HREE δEu δCe （La/Yb）UCC （La/Sm）UCC （Gd/Yb）UCC 黄河 平均值 226.44 8.76 0.66 0.97 0.90 0.98 1.13 标准偏差 6.69 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 变异系数 2.95 1.09 0.88 0.95 0.57 1.39 1.62 长江 平均值 243.57 8.75 0.68 0.93 0.91 0.99 1.12 标准偏差 25.78 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 变异系数 10.59 1.18 1.08 1.75 3.17 1.74 3.14
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表 4 长江与黄河不同粒级沉积物稀土元素组成及参数
Table 4. REE contents and parameters in different sized sediments from the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
ΣREE/（μg/g） LREE/HREE δEu δCe （La/Yb）UCC （La/Sm）UCC （Gd/Yb）UCC 数据来源 长江（全样） 170.95 8.43 0.66 0.84 1.17 0.89 1.44 [20] 长江（＜63 μm） 167.10 8.48 0.67 0.85 1.19 0.89 1.45 [21] 长江（＜2 μm） 243.57 8.75 0.68 0.93 0.99 0.91 1.12 本文 黄河（全样） 139.11 8.15 0.65 0.86 1.04 0.87 1.32 [20] 黄河（＜63 μm） 137.76 8.12 0.65 0.86 1.04 0.87 1.31 [21] 黄河（＜2 μm） 226.44 8.76 0.66 0.97 0.98 0.90 1.13 本文
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