Geochemical characteristics of clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers and their implications for provenance
-
摘要:
本文对长江与黄河口黏土粒级沉积物主微量元素的地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明：长江相对富集Al、K、Fe、Ti等常量元素以及Cr、V、Li、Zn、Ni和Rb等微量元素，黄河以高Ca、Sr和Ba为特征；长江沉积物中稀土元素含量高于黄河沉积物，长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物中稀土元素的分馏程度相同，均具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾的球粒陨石标准化配分模式，上陆壳标准化配分模式为中稀土元素富集，黄河沉积物的Ce负异常和Eu正异常程度较长江沉积物偏弱。长江沉积物中元素含量变化较大，而黄河沉积物中元素含量较为稳定。黏土粒级沉积物的稀土元素更接近其物源区，＜2 μm的黏土粒级沉积物中的REE可以作为判识长江与黄河沉积物的地球化学指标。ΣREE、δCe可以作为长江、黄河入海沉积物的判别指标。长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的地球化学特征受源区岩石类型、化学风化、水动力分选等因素的控制。化学风化引起河流沉积物相对其源岩发生地球化学分异，水动力分选使矿物在不同粒级沉积物中富集，从而引起地球化学组成在不同粒级沉积物中的分异。
Abstract:In this paper, the element compositions and the geochemical characteristics of the clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers estuaries were studied. It is found that the sediments in the Yangtze River is relatively rich in major elements Al, K, Fe, Ti and trace elements Cr, V, Li, Zn, Ni, Rb, whereas the Yellow River sediments characterized by Ca, Sr and Ba. As far as the rare earth elements are considered, the sediments from the Yangtze River contain more rare earth elements (REEs) with same fractionation degree comparing to those from the Yellow River. Chondrite standardized curve of rare earth elements reveals a pattern of LREE enrichment and HREE heavy loss in a slightly right-wing type. In the standardized distribution model by the upper continental crust, medium REEs are enriched. However, the negative Ce anomaly and the positive Eu anomaly of the Yellow River sediments are smaller than those in the Yangtze River sediments. The content of elements in the sediments of the Yangtze River varies greatly. Instead it is relatively concentrated in the Yellow River sediments. RERs, ΣREE, δCe of clay-sized sediments are closer to the source rocks and can be used as a geochemical indicator to distinguish the sediments of the Yangtze River from the sediments of the Yellow River. The geochemical characteristics of clay-sized sediments from the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are controlled by lithology, chemical weathering and hydrodynamic sorting in the source area. Chemical weathering caused the geochemical differentiation of river sediments starting from the source, and the hydrodynamic environment contributed to the differentiation and separation of minerals of different sizes in the transportation.
-
Key words:
- the Yangtze River /
- the Yellow River /
- clay-sized sediment /
- geochemistry /
- provenance
-
-
表 1 长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的常量元素含量（%）
Table 1. Major element contents in the clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers（%）
Al2O3 CaO TFe2O3 K2O MgO MnO Na2O P2O5 TiO2 黄河 平均值 19.61 10.03 8.59 3.38 3.82 0.17 0.41 0.29 0.63 标准偏差 0.52 0.65 0.24 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 变异系数 2.64 6.46 2.76 2.36 2.37 7.40 5.10 6.83 3.43 长江 平均值 23.50 1.99 9.81 3.62 3.24 0.19 0.37 0.30 0.90 标准偏差 0.50 0.60 0.47 0.13 0.11 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.07 变异系数 2.11 30.01 4.82 3.61 3.28 17.56 9.54 7.29 7.77 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的微量元素含量（μg/g）
Table 2. Trace element contents in the clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers（μg/g）
Sr Cr V Zn Ba Li Be Sc Co 黄河 平均值 226.81 106.33 140.96 149.13 578.00 76.91 3.48 24.72 23.48 标准偏差 8.95 2.42 5.17 6.57 22.83 3.99 0.14 0.71 0.68 变异系数 3.94 2.27 3.67 4.40 3.95 5.19 3.89 2.86 2.91 长江 平均值 105.72 130.12 178.84 193.58 542.67 105.77 4.18 26.34 27.88 标准偏差 11.09 8.42 9.29 39.34 43.52 3.20 0.17 0.85 2.19 变异系数 10.49 6.47 5.19 20.32 8.02 3.03 4.16 3.24 7.86 Ni Cu Ga Rb Mo Cs Pb Th U 黄河 平均值 59.19 60.55 27.45 169.60 1.32 15.94 53.82 20.51 2.80 标准偏差 1.63 4.04 0.75 4.85 0.12 0.45 2.81 0.55 0.11 变异系数 2.76 6.68 2.73 2.86 9.10 2.83 5.21 2.68 4.05 长江 平均值 70.35 65.57 32.74 218.73 0.95 20.52 60.47 22.22 3.58 标准偏差 4.14 13.79 0.95 2.61 0.29 0.86 13.30 1.58 0.33 变异系数 5.89 21.03 2.90 1.19 30.31 4.18 22.00 7.12 9.16
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的稀土元素含量及参数
Table 3. REE contents and parameters in the clay-sized sediments of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
ΣREE/（μg/g） LREE/HREE δEu δCe （La/Yb）UCC （La/Sm）UCC （Gd/Yb）UCC 黄河 平均值 226.44 8.76 0.66 0.97 0.90 0.98 1.13 标准偏差 6.69 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 变异系数 2.95 1.09 0.88 0.95 0.57 1.39 1.62 长江 平均值 243.57 8.75 0.68 0.93 0.91 0.99 1.12 标准偏差 25.78 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 变异系数 10.59 1.18 1.08 1.75 3.17 1.74 3.14
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 长江与黄河不同粒级沉积物稀土元素组成及参数
Table 4. REE contents and parameters in different sized sediments from the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
ΣREE/（μg/g） LREE/HREE δEu δCe （La/Yb）UCC （La/Sm）UCC （Gd/Yb）UCC 数据来源 长江（全样） 170.95 8.43 0.66 0.84 1.17 0.89 1.44 [20] 长江（＜63 μm） 167.10 8.48 0.67 0.85 1.19 0.89 1.45 [21] 长江（＜2 μm） 243.57 8.75 0.68 0.93 0.99 0.91 1.12 本文 黄河（全样） 139.11 8.15 0.65 0.86 1.04 0.87 1.32 [20] 黄河（＜63 μm） 137.76 8.12 0.65 0.86 1.04 0.87 1.31 [21] 黄河（＜2 μm） 226.44 8.76 0.66 0.97 0.98 0.90 1.13 本文
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 胡邦琦, 李军, 李国刚, 等. 长江和黄河入海沉积物的物源识别研究进展[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2011, 31(6):147-156
HU Bangqi, LI Jun, LI Guogang, et al. Distinguishing the Changjiang and Huanghe sediments: a review [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2011, 31(6): 147-156.
[2] Yang S Y, Jung H S, Lim D I, et al. A review on the provenance discrimination of sediments in the Yellow Sea [J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2003, 63(1-2): 93-120. doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00033-3
[3] 杨守业. 亚洲主要河流的沉积地球化学示踪研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21(6):648-655 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2006.06.013
YANG Shouye. Advances in sedimentary geochemistry and tracing applications of Asian rivers [J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2006, 21(6): 648-655. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2006.06.013
[4] 杨守业, 韦刚健, 石学法. 地球化学方法示踪东亚大陆边缘源汇沉积过程与环境演变[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2015, 34(5):902-910 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2015.05.003
YANG Shouye, WEI Gangjian, SHI Xuefa. Geochemical approaches of tracing source-to-sink sediment processes and environmental changes at the East Asian continental margin [J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2015, 34(5): 902-910. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2015.05.003
[5] 赵一阳, 鄢明才. 黄河、长江、中国浅海沉积物化学元素丰度比较[J]. 科学通报, 1992, 37(23):1991-1994
ZHAO Yiyang, YAN Mingcai. Abundance of chemical elements in sediments from the Huanghe river, the Changjiang river and the continental shelf of China [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1992, 37(23): 1991-1994.
[6] 赵一阳, 鄢明才. 中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994.
ZHAO Yiyang, YAN Mingcai. Geochemistry of sediments of the China shelf sea[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994.
[7] 蓝先洪, 王红霞, 李日辉, 等. 南黄海沉积物常量元素组成及物源分析[J]. 地学前缘, 2007, 14(4):197-203 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2007.04.021
LAN Xianhong, WANG Hongxia, LI Rihui, et al. Major elements composition and provenance analysis in the sediments of the South Yellow Sea [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(4): 197-203. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2007.04.021
[8] 蓝先洪, 梅西, 李日辉, 等. 晚更新世以来南黄海北部泥质区沉积物元素的分布及来源分析[J]. 现代地质, 2015, 29(4):777-788 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2015.04.007
LAN Xianhong, MEI Xi, LI Rihui, et al. Distribution and source analysis of elements from sediments in the Northern South Yellow Sea since the late Pleistocene [J]. Geoscience, 2015, 29(4): 777-788. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2015.04.007
[9] 赵一阳, 王金土, 秦朝阳, 等. 中国大陆架海底沉积物中的稀土元素[J]. 沉积学报, 1990, 8(1):37-43
ZHAN Yiyang, WANG Jintu, QIN Chaoyang, et al. Rare-earth elements in continental shelf sediments of the China seas [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1990, 8(1): 37-43.
[10] 鄢明才, 迟清华, 顾铁新, 等. 中国东部上地壳化学组成[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 1997, 40(5):530-539 doi: 10.1007/BF02877620
YAN Mingcai, CHI Qinghua, GU Tiexin, et al. Chemical composition of upper crust in eastern China [J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 1997, 40(5): 530-539. doi: 10.1007/BF02877620
[11] 杨守业, 李从先. 长江与黄河沉积物元素组成及地质背景[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1999, 19(2):19-26
YANG Shouye, LI Congxian. Characteristic element compositions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River sediments and their geological background [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1999, 19(2): 19-26.
[12] 杨守业, 李从先. REE示踪沉积物物源研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, 14(2):164-167 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.1999.02.010
YANG Shouye, LI Congxian. Research progress in REE tracer for sediment source [J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1999, 14(2): 164-167. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.1999.02.010
[13] McLennan S M. Weathering and global denudation [J]. The Journal of Geology, 1993, 101(2): 295-303. doi: 10.1086/648222
[14] Bouchez J, Gaillardet J, France C, et al. Grain size control of river suspended sediment geochemistry: Clues from Amazon River depth profiles [J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2011, 12(3): Q03008.
[15] Garzanti E, Andó S, France-Lanord C, et al. Mineralogical and chemical variability of fluvial sediments 2. Suspended-load silt (Ganga–Brahmaputra, Bangladesh) [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2011, 302(1-2): 107-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jpgl.2010.11.043
[16] Resentini A, Malusà M G, Garzanti E. MinSORTING: An Excel® worksheet for modelling mineral grain-size distribution in sediments, with application to detrital geochronology and provenance studies [J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2013, 59: 90-97.
[17] Garzanti E, Resentini A. Provenance control on chemical indices of weathering (Taiwan river sands) [J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2015, 336: 81-95.
[18] Garzanti E, Andò S, Padoan M, et al. The modern Nile sediment system: Processes and products [J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015, 130: 9-56. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.011
[19] 韩宗珠, 艾丽娜, 陈筱林, 等. 南黄海泥质区西北缘B01孔黏土粒级沉积物地球化学特征及其物质来源的识别[J]. 中国海洋大学学报: 自然科学版, 2016, 46(10):82-91
HAN Zongzhu, AI Li’na, CHEN Xiaolin, et al. Geochemical characteristics of sediments and provenance of B01 core in northwest margin of South Yellow Sea mud area [J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2016, 46(10): 82-91.
[20] 杨守业, 李从先. 长江与黄河沉积物REE地球化学及示踪作用[J]. 地球化学, 1999, 28(4):374-380 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1999.04.008
YANG Shouye, LI Congxian. REE geochemistry and tracing application in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River sediments [J]. Geochimica, 1999, 28(4): 374-380. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1999.04.008
[21] 杨守业, 李从先. 元素地球化学特征的多元统计方法研究——长江与黄河沉积物元素地球化学研究[J]. 矿物岩石, 1999, 19(1):63-67
YANG Shouye, LI Congxian. Multiple statistic study of element geochemical characteristics element geochemical study on the Changjiang and Huanghe sediments [J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 1999, 19(1): 63-67.
[22] Jung H S, Lim D, Jeong D H, et al. Discrimination of sediment provenance in the Yellow Sea: Secondary grain-size effect and REE proxy [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2016, 123: 78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.03.020
[23] Jung H S, Lim D, Choi J Y, et al. Rare earth element compositions of core sediments from the shelf of the South Sea, Korea: Their controls and origins [J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2012, 48: 75-86. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2012.08.008
[24] Lim D, Choi J Y, Shin H H, et al. Multielement geochemistry of offshore sediments in the southeastern Yellow Sea and implications for sediment origin and dispersal [J]. Quaternary International, 2013, 298: 196-206. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2013.01.004
[25] Lim D, Jung H S, Choi J Y. REE partitioning in riverine sediments around the Yellow Sea and its importance in shelf sediment provenance [J]. Marine Geology, 2014, 357: 12-24. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.002
[26] 王金土. 黄海表层沉积物稀土元素地球化学[J]. 地球化学, 1990(1):44-53 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1990.01.005
WANG Jintu. Ree geochemistry of surficial sediments from the Yellow sea of China [J]. Geochimica, 1990(1): 44-53. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1990.01.005
[27] Yang S Y, Jung H S, Choi M S, et al. The rare earth element compositions of the Changjiang (Yangtze) and Huanghe (Yellow) river sediments [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 201(2): 407-419. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00715-X
[28] 茅昌平, 陈骏, 袁旭音, 等. 长江下游悬浮物Sr-Nd同位素组成的季节性变化与物源示踪[J]. 科学通报, 2011, 56(22):2371-2378 doi: 10.1007/s11434-011-4589-6
MAO Changping, CHEN Jun, YUAN Xuyin, et al. Seasonal variations in the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of suspended particulate matter in the lower Changjiang River: Provenance and erosion constraints [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(22): 2371-2378. doi: 10.1007/s11434-011-4589-6
[29] 何梦颖, 郑洪波, 黄湘通, 等. 长江流域沉积物黏土矿物组合特征及物源指示意义[J]. 沉积学报, 2011, 29(3):544-551
HE Mengying, ZHENG Hongbo, HUANG Xiangtong, et al. Clay mineral assemblages in the Yangtze drainage and provenance implications [J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2011, 29(3): 544-551.
[30] 杨守业, 蒋少涌, 凌洪飞, 等. 长江河流沉积物Sr-Nd同位素组成与物源示踪[J]. 中国科学 D辑: 地球科学, 2007, 50(10):1556-1565 doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-0052-6
YANG Shouye, JIANG Shaoyong, LING Hongfei, et al. Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Changjiang sediments: Implications for tracing sediment sources [J]. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2007, 50(10): 1556-1565. doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-0052-6
[31] Meng X W, Liu Y G, Shi X F, et al. Nd and Sr isotopic compositions of sediments from the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers: Implications for partitioning tectonic terranes and crust weathering of the Central and Southeast China [J]. Frontiers of Earth Science in China, 2008, 2(4): 418-426. doi: 10.1007/s11707-008-0054-5
[32] 郭玉龙. 地球化学方法示踪中国东部入海河流沉积物物质组成的不均一性[D]. 上海: 同济大学, 2018.
GUO Yulong. Geochemical approaches for compositional heterogeneity of sediments from rivers in East China[D]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2018.
[33] 杨守业, 王中波. 长江主要支流与干流沉积物的REE组成[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2011, 30(1):31-39 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2011.01.005
YANG Shouye, WANG Zhongbo. Rare Earth Element compositions of the sediments from the major tributaries and the main stream of the Changjiang River [J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2011, 30(1): 31-39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2802.2011.01.005
[34] 罗超, 郑洪波, 吴卫华, 等. 长江河水87Sr/86Sr值的季节性变化及其指示意义: 以长江大通站为例[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(7):835-843
LUO Chao, ZHEGN Hongbo, WU Weihua, et al. Temporal variation in Sr and 87Sr/86Sr of Yangtze river: an example from datong hydrological station [J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2014, 29(7): 835-843.
[35] 张玉泉, 谢应雯, 李献华, 等. 青藏高原东部钾玄岩系岩浆岩同位素特征: 岩石成因及其构造意义[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 2000, 30(5):493-498 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-9267.2000.05.007
ZHAGN Yuquan, XIE Yingwen, LI Xianhua, et al. Isotopic characteristics of magmatic rocks of the potassium basaltic series in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: petrogenesis and tectonic significance [J]. Science in China: Geoscience, 2000, 30(5): 493-498. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-9267.2000.05.007
[36] 张招崇, 王福生. 峨眉山玄武岩Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征及其物源探讨[J]. 地球科学—中国地质大学学报, 2003, 28(4):431-439
ZHANG Zhaochong, WANG Fusheng. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics of Emeishan basalt province and discussion on their source region [J]. Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2003, 28(4): 431-439.
[37] 孟宪伟, 杜德文, 陈志华, 等. 长江、黄河流域泛滥平原细粒沉积物87Sr/86Sr空间变异的制约因素及其物源示踪意义[J]. 地球化学, 2000, 29(6):562-570 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.2000.06.008
MENG Xianwei, DU Dewen, CHEN Zhihua, et al. Factors controlling spatial variation of 87Sr/86Sr in the fine-grained sediments from the overbanks of the Yellow River and Yangtze River and its implication for provenance of marine sediments [J]. Geochimica, 2000, 29(6): 562-570. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.2000.06.008
[38] Nesbitt H W, Markovics G, Price R C. Chemical processes affecting alkalis and alkaline earths during continental weathering [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1980, 44(11): 1659-1666. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(80)90218-5
[39] Bi L, Yang S Y, Zhao Y, et al. Provenance study of the holocene sediments in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and inner shelf of the East China Sea [J]. Quaternary International, 2016, 441: 147-161.
[40] Bentley S J Jr, Blum M D, Maloney J, et al. The Mississippi river source-to-sink system: perspectives on tectonic, climatic, and anthropogenic influences, Miocene to anthropocene [J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2016, 153: 139-174. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.11.001
[41] Hoffmann T, Thorndycraft V R, Brown A G, et al. Human impact on fluvial regimes and sediment flux during the Holocene: Review and future research agenda [J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2010, 72(3): 87-98. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.04.008
[42] Walling D E, Fang D. Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world's rivers [J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 39(1-2): 111-126. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00020-1
[43] 赵一阳, 鄢明才, 李安春, 等. 中国近海沿岸泥的地球化学特征及其指示意义[J]. 中国地质, 2002, 29(2):181-185 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2002.02.014
ZHAO Yiyang, YAN Mingcai, LI Anchun, et al. Geochemistry of muds along the coast of China and their significance [J]. Geology in China, 2002, 29(2): 181-185. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2002.02.014
-
图(5)
表(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3749
- PDF下载数: 264
- 施引文献: 0