Formation mechanism of condensate oil and waxy oil in Structure X of Xihu Depression
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摘要:
X构造的原油按照物性的差异主要分为两类：第一类为凝析油，具有密度低、含蜡量低的特点；第二类为蜡质油，具有密度中等、含蜡量高的特点。为了明确原油物性差异的原因，对原油的地球化学特征进行了深入分析，发现这两类原油的饱和烃色谱存在明显的差异，但甾烷特征、萜烷特征以及碳同位素特征又比较相似，表现出同源的特点，推测次生作用是原油物性差异的主要原因。对这两类原油的轻烃色谱以及指纹参数进行了精细对比，发现：①凝析油和蜡质油的全烃色谱存在镜像关系；②凝析油的庚烷/甲基环己烷（石蜡度）偏高，甲苯/正庚烷（芳香度）偏低，蜡质油则相反；③凝析油和蜡质油的正构烷烃nCm+1/nCm存在协变关系，且凝析油的数值更大。认为X构造原油遭受了气侵，凝析油是蒸发分馏的产物，而蜡质油则是蒸发分馏的残留油。
Abstract:Oil in the Structure X of the Xihu Depression can be divided into two groups based on the differences in physical properties. One is the condensate oil, which is characterized by low density and low wax content; and the other is the waxy oil, which is characterized by medium density and high wax content. Geochemical characteristics of crude oil were studied in details in order to define the causes of the differences. It is so obvious that there are great differences between condensate oil and waxy oil in saturated hydrocarbon chromatography characters. However, the characteristics of sterane, terpane, and carbon isotope of condensate oil are as the same as the waxy oil. It means that they come from same source, and secondary alteration is the real cause to the difference in physical properties. Detailed correlation of lighter hydrocarbon chromalogram and fingerprint parameters the two oils suggest the following: (1) There is a mirror image relationship of total hydrocarbon chromatography between condensate oil and waxy oil. (2) Condensate oil is characterized by high index of nC7/MCyC6 and low index of Tol/nC7, whereas waxy oil shows an opposite pattern. (3) There are covariant relation of the index of nCm+1/nCm of N-alkanes between the condensate oil and the waxy oil, suggesting that oil has suffered from gas invasion. The condensate is the results of evaporative fractionation, and the waxy is the remainder.
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Key words:
- condensate oil /
- waxy oil /
- evaporative fractionation /
- the Xihu Depression
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表 1 X构造原油物性特征
Table 1. Character of oil properties in Structure X
井号 层位 性质 深度/m 密度（20 ℃）
/（g/cm3）动力黏度（50 ℃）
/（mPa·s）含蜡量
/%凝固点
/℃A 平湖组 蜡质油 3 594～3 603.6 0.88 2.13 26.81 16 B 平湖组 凝析油 3 499.8～3 505.6 0.80 0.96 3.36 −1 C 平湖组 凝析油 4 580～4 620 0.79 0.76 3.36 4 C 平湖组 凝析油 4 359～4 382 0.83 1.36 4.95 13 D 平湖组 凝析油 3 475 0.80 1.16 1.2 −9 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 537 0.87 4.22 13.2 18 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 614 0.86 3.25 13.7 18 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 640.5 0.86 3.82 17.5 13 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 743.5 0.86 4.72 12.7 17 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 734.2～3 746.5 0.85 5.68 13 19 D 平湖组 凝析油 4 040～4 060 0.77 1.25 5.5 11 E 平湖组 蜡质油 4 212.5 0.86 3.18 9.5 18 E 平湖组 凝析油 4 508.4 0.84 2.45 0.6 9 E 平湖组 凝析油 4 634 0.83 2.26 0.7 — 
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表 2 X构造原油成熟度计算
Table 2. Calculated values of oil maturity in Structure X
井号 层位 性质 深度/m MPI1 Rc（Radke，1983） Rc（本次拟合） A 平湖组 蜡质油 3 594～3 603.6 1.18 1.07 0.97 B 平湖组 凝析油 3 499.8～3 505.6 1.11 1.04 0.94 C 平湖组 凝析油 4 580～4 620 1.00 1.00 0.91 C 平湖组 凝析油 4 359～4 382 1.21 1.08 0.98 D 平湖组 凝析油 3 475 0.98 0.99 0.90 D 平湖组 凝析油 3 532 1.09 0.99 0.90 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 537 1.09 1.04 0.94 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 614 1.10 1.04 0.94 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 640.5 0.97 0.99 0.90 D 平湖组 蜡质油 3 743.5 1.03 1.01 0.92
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表 3 X构造原油碳同位素特征
Table 3. Carbon isotopes of crude oils in Structure X
井号 井深/m 性质 原油
δ13CPDB/‰饱和烃
δ13CPDB/‰芳烃
δ13CPDB/‰非烃
δ13CPDB/‰沥青质
δ13CPDB/‰C 4 580～4 620 凝析油 −26.2 −27.7 −24.8 — — C 4 359～4 382 凝析油 −25.9 −27.3 −24.5 — — D 3 475 凝析油 −27.31 −27.51 −27.39 −28.9 −28.28 D 3 532 凝析油 −27.25 −27.41 −27.97 −29.67 −28.12 D 3 537 蜡质油 −27.18 −28 −25.63 −26.44 −27.49 D 3 546 蜡质油 −26.96 −27.07 −26.38 −27.65 −27.5 D 3 614 蜡质油 −26.6 −27.63 −25.39 −26.06 −26.96 D 3 640.5 蜡质油 −26.77 −27.34 −25.22 −25.97 −26.93 D 3 743.5 蜡质油 −26.91 −27.37 −25.8 −26.2 −27.28 D 3 760 蜡质油 −27.24 −27.19 −26.75 −28.98 −27.98 D 3 780 蜡质油 −26.9 −27.16 −26.54 −27.85 −28.07
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表 4 X构造天然气成熟度计算
Table 4. Calculated values of natural gas maturity in Structure X
井号 深度/m CH4 C2H6 C3H8 Rc1（戴金星） Rc2（刘文汇） Rc3（胡惕麟） C井 4 580～4 620 −36.9 −27.1 −25.1 0.66 0.88 1.56 C井 4 359～4 382 −32.2 −24.9 −24.5 1.43 1.31 1.83 B井 3 499.8～3 505.6 −35.74 −26.68 −25.56 0.80 0.91 1.66 B井 3 705.5～3 710.6 −36.13 −26.52 −28.18 0.75 0.91 1.72 A井 3 594～3 603.6 −35.13 −25.63 −23.64 0.89 0.97 1.58 A井 3 801.6～3 806.4 −35.88 −27.19 −24.8 0.78 0.92 1.64 D井 3 532 −35.15 −26.71 −24.50 0.88 0.96 1.66 D井 3 537 −35.36 −26.89 −24.71 0.85 0.94 1.66 D井 3 614 −35.63 −26.72 −24.61 0.82 0.92 1.63 D井 3 640.5 −36.23 −25.99 −23.70 0.74 0.90 1.51 D井 3 743.5 −37.13 −26.32 −23.70 0.64 0.87 1.45 D井 3 760 −36.44 −25.90 −23.34 0.72 0.90 1.48 D井 3 734.2～3 746.5 −36.59 −28.53 −25.91 0.70 0.89 1.68 D井 4 040～4 060 −39.92 −29.51 −27.29 0.41 0.76 1.50 计算公式：戴金星：δ13C1 ≈14.12 ×lg Ro −34.39；刘文汇：δ13C1 ≈48.77×lg Ro −34.10,（Ro≤0.9），δ13C1 ≈22.42×lg Ro −34.80,（Ro＞0.9）；胡惕麟：Ro=（R2+R3）/2，其中R2=-0.089 1（δ13C2−δ13C1）+2.404 4；R3= −0.077 5×（δ13C3−δ13C1）+2.502 4。
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