Rare earth element composition of the surface sediments from the south Bay of Bengal and its implications for provenance
-
摘要:
基于孟加拉湾南部98个表层沉积物的稀土元素组成及其空间分布特征，判别了研究区表层沉积物主要来源，并结合水动力环境等探讨了孟加拉湾南部区域沉积物输运方式。结果表明，研究区表层沉积物稀土元素总含量范围为67.62～180.67 μg/g，其平均值为100.85 μg/g，且具有轻稀土富集、重稀土均一、明显的Eu负异常的特征。基于稀土元素主要参数，可将研究区分为两个区域，Ι区位于研究区西部，Ⅱ区位于研究区东部。根据球粒陨石标准化后的La/Yb-Sm/Nd物源判别图解可知，研究区表层沉积物的最主要来源为恒河-布拉马普特拉河搬运的喜马拉雅山侵蚀物质，其对整个研究区均有重要影响；次要来源为戈达瓦里河-克里希纳河输送的印度半岛物质，其主要影响范围为研究区西侧的Ι区。不同源区沉积物在研究区的输运过程主要受控于季节性表层环流，其驱动力为印度季风系统。
Abstract:Rare earth element (REE) compositions and their spatial distribution pattern for 98 surface sediment samples collected from the southern part of the Bay of Bengal are carefully studied in this paper. The main sources of sediments are identified and the sediment transport modes discussed in combination with the hydrodynamic environment features. The results suggest that the total concentrations of rare earth elements in the surface sediments of the study area vary between 67.62 μg/g and 180.67 μg/g, with an average at 100.85 μg/g. The samples are rich in light REE and uniform in heavy REE with an obvious negative anomaly of Eu. Based on the major parameters of REE, the study area can be subdivided into two provinces, the province Ι located in the west part of the study area and the province Ⅱ located in the east. According to the chondrite-normalized La/Yb-Sm/Nd diagram for provenance identification, most of the surface sediments of the study area is provided by the erosion of the Himalayan Mountain and transported by the Ganges-Brahmaputra River. The subordinate source is the Indian Peninsula, of which the sediments were transported by the Godavari River-Krishna River in the province Ι located in the west part of the study area. The transportation of sediments in different source areas is mainly controlled by the seasonal surface circulation driven by the Indian monsoon system.
-
Key words:
- Bengal Fan /
- Rare earth elements /
- Provenance /
- Monsoon circulation /
- Northeast Indian Ocean
-
-
名称 长度/km 流域面积/103km2 流量/(km3/a) 悬浮沉积物通量/(Mt/a) 溶解质通量/(Mt/a) 恒河 2 200 980 490 520 91 布拉马普特拉河 2 600 670 630 540 63 默哈纳迪河 900 140 54 61 8.1 戈达瓦里河 1 400 310 120 170 20 克里希纳河 1 300 260 62 64 22 伊洛瓦底江 2 300 430 430 360 98 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 研究区及周边河流稀土元素含量及分异参数
Table 2. Rare earth elements composition and differentiation parameters of sediments of the study area and adjacent rivers
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 总稀土 总轻稀土/
总重稀土δEu δCe La/Yb Sm/Nd 平均值 19.98 41.88 4.66 18.08 3.62 0.97 3.40 0.54 3.17 0.60 1.72 0.27 1.69 0.27 100.85 7.59 0.85 1.04 7.90 0.62 最大值 35.67 80.24 8.18 30.92 5.94 1.52 5.48 0.88 4.90 0.91 2.63 0.42 2.59 0.41 180.67 8.92 0.97 1.14 9.30 0.66 最小值 13.90 25.47 3.22 12.75 2.59 0.78 2.57 0.40 2.37 0.46 1.33 0.22 1.33 0.21 67.62 6.49 0.75 0.92 6.84 0.59 标准偏差 3.60 9.15 0.83 3.00 0.55 0.11 0.46 0.07 0.39 0.07 0.19 0.03 0.18 0.03 18.53 0.59 0.04 0.06 0.62 0.14 上陆壳 30.00 64.00 7.10 26.00 4.50 0.88 3.80 0.64 3.50 0.80 2.30 0.33 2.20 0.32 146.37 9.54 0.65 1.06 9.19 0.53 伊洛瓦底江 33.00 67.29 7.29 25.71 4.71 0.91 3.91 0.61 3.49 0.67 2.04 0.33 2.04 0.33 152.34 10.39 0.69 1.03 10.98 0.58 默哈纳迪河 46.21 94.87 8.67 35.59 6.69 1.41 5.74 0.89 4.20 0.88 2.71 0.45 2.36 0.34 211.03 10.99 0.70 1.14 13.20 0.58 戈达瓦里-克里希纳河 38.85 91.38 8.20 33.70 6.79 1.70 5.53 1.03 5.47 1.10 3.09 0.46 2.50 0.37 200.16 10.49 0.85 1.22 10.49 0.62 恒河-布拉马普特拉河 49.07 100.13 11.27 41.60 8.14 1.37 6.87 1.06 6.11 1.17 3.31 0.49 3.37 0.52 234.48 9.06 0.60 1.02 9.63 0.60 注：稀土元素含量单位为μg/g；δEu、δCe、La/Yb和Sm/Nd均为经球粒陨石标准化后的值。上陆壳数据引自文献[28]；伊洛瓦底江数据引自文献[29]；默哈纳迪河和戈达瓦里-克里希纳河数据引自文献[30]；恒河-布拉马普特拉河数据引自文献[31]；球粒陨石数据引自文献[32]。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Milliman J D, Farnsworth K L. River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
[2] 李景瑞, 刘升发, 冯秀丽, 等. 孟加拉湾中部表层沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2016, 36(4):41-50
LI Jingrui, LIU Shengfa, FENG Xiuli, et al. Rare earth element geochemistry of surface sediments in mid-Bengal Bay and implications for provenance [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2016, 36(4): 41-50.
[3] Curray J R, Emmel F J, Moore D G. The Bengal Fan: morphology, geometry, stratigraphy, history and processes [J]. Marine & Petroleum Geology, 2002, 19(10): 1191-1223.
[4] Curray J R, Moore D G. Growth of the Bengal deep-sea fan and denudation in the Himalayas [J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1971, 82(3): 563-572. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[563:GOTBDF]2.0.CO;2
[5] Kolla V, Moore D G, Curray J R. Recent bottom-current activity in the deep western Bay of Bengal [J]. Marine Geology, 1976, 21(4): 255-270. doi: 10.1016/0025-3227(76)90010-4
[6] Schott F A, McCreary J P Jr. The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean [J]. Progress in Oceanography, 2001, 51(1): 1-123. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6611(01)00083-0
[7] Joussain R, Colin C, Liu Z F, et al. Climatic control of sediment transport from the Himalayas to the proximal NE Bengal Fan during the last glacial-interglacial cycle [J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2016, 148: 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.06.016
[8] Xue P F, Chang L, Wang S S, et al. Magnetic mineral tracing of sediment provenance in the central Bengal Fan [J]. Marine Geology, 2019, 415: 105955. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2019.05.014
[9] Tripathy G R, Singh S K, Ramaswamy V. Major and trace element geochemistry of Bay of Bengal sediments: Implications to provenances and their controlling factors [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2014, 397: 20-30. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.04.012
[10] Venkatarathnam K, Biscaye P E. Clay mineralogy and sedimentation in the eastern Indian Ocean [J]. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 1973, 20(8): 727-738. doi: 10.1016/0011-7471(73)90088-0
[11] Iyer S D, Gupta S M, Charan S N, et al. Volcanogenic-hydrothermal iron-rich materials from the southern part of the Central Indian Ocean Basin [J]. Marine Geology, 1999, 158(1-4): 15-25. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00167-4
[12] Weber M E, Wiedicke-Hombach M, Kudrass H R, et al. Bengal Fan sediment transport activity and response to climate forcing inferred from sediment physical properties [J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2003, 155(3-4): 361-381. doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00187-2
[13] Emmel F J, Curray J R. The Bengal Submarine Fan, Northeastern Indian ocean [J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 1983, 3(2-4): 119-124. doi: 10.1007/BF02462456
[14] Galy V, François L, France-Lanord C, et al. C4 plants decline in the Himalayan basin since the Last Glacial Maximum [J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2008, 27(13-14): 1396-1409. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.04.005
[15] Babu C P, Pattan J N, Dutta K, et al. Shift in detrital sedimentation in the eastern Bay of Bengal during the late Quaternary [J]. Journal of Earth System Science, 2010, 119(3): 285-295. doi: 10.1007/s12040-010-0022-9
[16] Kessarkar P M, Rao V P, Ahmad S M, et al. Changing sedimentary environment during the Late Quaternary: Sedimentological and isotopic evidence from the distal Bengal Fan [J]. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2005, 52(9): 1591-1615. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.01.009
[17] Tripathy G R, Singh S K, Bhushan R, et al. Sr-Nd isotope composition of the Bay of Bengal sediments: Impact of climate on erosion in the Himalaya [J]. Geochemical Journal, 2011, 45(3): 175-186. doi: 10.2343/geochemj.1.0112
[18] 毛光周, 刘池洋. 地球化学在物源及沉积背景分析中的应用[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2011, 33(4):337-348 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6561.2011.04.002
MAO Guangzhou, LIU Chiyang. Application of geochemistry in provenance and depositional setting analysis [J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2011, 33(4): 337-348. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6561.2011.04.002
[19] McLennan S M. Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: Influence of provenance and sedimentary processes [J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 1989, 21(1): 169-200.
[20] Cullers R L. The controls on the major and trace element variation of shales, siltstones, and sandstones of Pennsylvanian-Permian age from uplifted continental blocks in Colorado to platform sediment in Kansas, USA [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994, 58(22): 4955-4972. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90224-0
[21] Lim D, Jung H S, Choi J Y. REE partitioning in riverine sediments around the Yellow Sea and its importance in shelf sediment provenance [J]. Marine Geology, 2014, 357: 12-24. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.002
[22] Um I K, Choi M S, Bahk J J, et al. Discrimination of sediment provenance using rare earth elements in the Ulleung Basin, East/Japan Sea [J]. Marine Geology, 2013, 346: 208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.09.007
[23] 窦衍光, 李军, 李炎. 北部湾东部海域表层沉积物稀土元素组成及物源指示意义[J]. 地球化学, 2012, 41(2):147-157 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0379-1726.2012.02.006
DOU Yanguang, LI Jun, LI Yan. Rare earth element compositions and provenance implication of surface sediments in the eastern Beibu Gulf [J]. Geochimica, 2012, 41(2): 147-157. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0379-1726.2012.02.006
[24] Wang S H, Zhang N, Chen H, et al. The surface sediment types and their rare earth element characteristics from the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea [J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2014, 88: 185-202. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2014.08.005
[25] Sun X Q, Liu S F, Li J R, et al. Major and trace element compositions of surface sediments from the lower Bengal Fan: implications for provenance discrimination and sedimentary environment [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2019, 184: 104000. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.104000
[26] McManus J, Berelson W M, Klinkhammer G P, et al. Geochemistry of barium in marine sediments: Implications for its use as a paleoproxy [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1998, 62(21-22): 3453-3473. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00248-8
[27] 沈华悌. 深海沉积物中的稀土元素[J]. 地球化学, 1990(4):340-348 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1990.04.009
SHEN Huati. Rare earth elements in deep-sea sediments [J]. Geochimica, 1990(4): 340-348. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1990.04.009
[28] Taylor S R, McLennan S M. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust [J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 1995, 33(2): 241-265. doi: 10.1029/95RG00262
[29] Garzanti E, Wang J G, Vezzoli G, et al. Tracing provenance and sediment fluxes in the Irrawaddy River basin (Myanmar) [J]. Chemical Geology, 2016, 440: 73-90. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.06.010
[30] Mazumdar A, Kocherla M, Carvalho M A, et al. Geochemical characterization of the Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi offshore basin (Bay of Bengal) sediments: A comparative study of provenance [J]. Marine & Petroleum Geology, 2015, 60: 18-33.
[31] Garzanti E, Andó S, France-Lanord C, et al. Mineralogical and chemical variability of fluvial sediments 2. Suspended-load silt (Ganga-Brahmaputra, Bangladesh) [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2011, 302(1-2): 107-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jpgl.2010.11.043
[32] Evensen N M, Hamilton P J, O'Nions R K. Rare-earth abundances in chondritic meteorites [J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 1978, 42(8): 1199-1212. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90114-X
[33] 刘娜, 孟宪伟. 冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物中稀土元素组成及其物源指示意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2004, 24(4):37-43
LIU Na, MENG Xianwei. Characteristics of rare earth elements in surface sediments from the middle Okinawa trough: implications for provenance of mixed sediments [J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2004, 24(4): 37-43.
[34] Cullers R L, Barrett T, Carlson R, et al. Rare-earth element and mineralogic changes in Holocene soil and stream sediment: A case study in the Wet Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A. [J]. Chemical Geology, 1987, 63(3-4): 275-297. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(87)90167-7
[35] Yang S Y, Jung H S, Choi M S, et al. The rare earth element compositions of the Changjiang (Yangtze) and Huanghe (Yellow) river sediments [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 201(2): 407-419. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00715-X
[36] Condie K C, Dengate J, Culler R L. Behavior of rare earth elements in a paleoweathering profile on granodiorite in the Front Range, Colorado, USA [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1995, 59(2): 279-294. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(94)00280-Y
[37] Sharma A, Rajamani V. Major element, REE, and other trace element behavior in amphibolite weathering under semiarid conditions in Southern India [J]. Journal of Geology, 2000, 108(4): 487-496. doi: 10.1086/314409
[38] Cullen J L. Microfossil evidence for changing salinity patterns in the Bay of Bengal over the last 20000 years [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1981, 35: 315-356. doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(81)90101-2
[39] 杨守业, 李从先. REE示踪沉积物物源研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, 14(2):164-167 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.1999.02.010
YANG Shouye, LI Congxian. Research progress in REE tracer for sediment source [J]. Advances in Earth Science, 1999, 14(2): 164-167. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.1999.02.010
[40] 刘升发, 石学法, 王昆山, 等. 全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-IND-CJ03)研究报告[R]. 自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 2019.
LIU Shengfa, SHI Xuefa, WANG Kunshan, et al. The Research Report of National Survey Project of China (GASI-IND-CJ03)[R]. First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, China, 2019.
[41] Holser W T. Evaluation of the application of rare-earth elements to paleoceanography [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1997, 132(1-4): 309-323. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00069-2
[42] Li J R, Liu S F, Feng X L, et al. Major and trace element geochemistry of the mid-Bay of Bengal surface sediments: implications for provenance [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2017, 36(3): 82-90. doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1041-z
[43] Li J R, Liu S F, Shi X F, et al. Clay minerals and Sr-Nd isotopic composition of the Bay of Bengal sediments: Implications for sediment provenance and climate control since 40 ka [J]. Quaternary International, 2018, 493: 50-58. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2018.06.044
[44] Li J R, Liu S F, Shi X F, et al. Distributions of clay minerals in surface sediments of the middle Bay of Bengal: source and transport pattern [J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2017, 145: 59-67. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.017
[45] Hein C J, Galy V, Galy A, et al. Post-glacial climate forcing of surface processes in the Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin and implications for carbon sequestration [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2017, 478: 89-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jpgl.2017.08.013
[46] Kuehl S A, Hariu T M, Moore W S. Shelf sedimentation off the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system: evidence for sediment bypassing to the Bengal fan [J]. Geology, 1989, 17(12): 1132-1135. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<1132:SSOTGB>2.3.CO;2
[47] Weber M E, Wiedicke M H, Kudrass H R, et al. Active growth of the Bengal Fan during sea-level rise and highstand [J]. Geology, 1997, 25(4): 315-318. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0315:AGOTBF>2.3.CO;2
[48] Li J R, Liu S F, Shi X F, et al. Sedimentary responses to the sea level and Indian summer monsoon changes in the central Bay of Bengal since 40 ka [J]. Marine Geology, 2019, 415: 105947. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2019.05.006
[49] Weber M E, Lantzsch H, Dekens P, et al. 200, 000 years of monsoonal history recorded on the lower Bengal Fan - strong response to insolation forcing [J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2018, 166: 107-119. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.04.003
[50] 方念乔, 陈萍, 吴琳, 等. 孟加拉湾深海记录中的等深流活动特征及其环境意义初探[J]. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 2002, 27(5):570-575 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2383.2002.05.016
FANG Nianqiao, CHEN Ping, WU Lin, et al. Contour currents in deep-water records from Bay of Bengal and its environmental implication [J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2002, 27(5): 570-575. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2383.2002.05.016
[51] Zhu L P, Lü X M, Wang J B, et al. Climate change on the Tibetan Plateau in response to shifting atmospheric circulation since the LGM [J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5(1): 13318. doi: 10.1038/srep13318
[52] Fontugne M R, Duplessy J C. Variations of the monsoon regime during the upper quaternary: Evidence from carbon isotopic record of organic matter in North Indian Ocean sediment cores [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1986, 56(1-2): 69-88. doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(86)90108-2
[53] Goodbred S L. Response of the Ganges dispersal system to climate change: A source-to-sink view since the last interstade [J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2003, 162(1-2): 83-104. doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(03)00217-3
[54] Mergulhao L P, Guptha M V S, Unger D, et al. Seasonality and variability of coccolithophore fluxes in response to diverse oceanographic regimes in the Bay of Bengal: Sediment trap results [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013, 371: 119-135. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.024
[55] Singh M, Singh I B, Müller G. Sediment characteristics and transportation dynamics of the Ganga River [J]. Geomorphology, 2007, 86(1-2): 144-175. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.08.011
[56] Akhil V P, Lengaigne M, Vialard J, et al. A modeling study of processes controlling the Bay of Bengal sea surface salinity interannual variability [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2016, 121(12): 8471-8495. doi: 10.1002/2016JC011662
[57] Jana S, Gangopadhyay A, Lermusiaux P F J, et al. Sensitivity of the Bay of Bengal upper ocean to different winds and river input conditions [J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2018, 187: 206-222. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.08.001
[58] Shetye S R, Gouveia A D, Shankar D, et al. Hydrography and circulation in the western Bay of Bengal during the northeast monsoon [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1996, 101(C6): 14011-14025. doi: 10.1029/95JC03307
-
图(8)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2006
- PDF下载数: 42
- 施引文献: 0