Rare earth element composition of the surface sediments from the south Bay of Bengal and its implications for provenance
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摘要:
基于孟加拉湾南部98个表层沉积物的稀土元素组成及其空间分布特征，判别了研究区表层沉积物主要来源，并结合水动力环境等探讨了孟加拉湾南部区域沉积物输运方式。结果表明，研究区表层沉积物稀土元素总含量范围为67.62～180.67 μg/g，其平均值为100.85 μg/g，且具有轻稀土富集、重稀土均一、明显的Eu负异常的特征。基于稀土元素主要参数，可将研究区分为两个区域，Ι区位于研究区西部，Ⅱ区位于研究区东部。根据球粒陨石标准化后的La/Yb-Sm/Nd物源判别图解可知，研究区表层沉积物的最主要来源为恒河-布拉马普特拉河搬运的喜马拉雅山侵蚀物质，其对整个研究区均有重要影响；次要来源为戈达瓦里河-克里希纳河输送的印度半岛物质，其主要影响范围为研究区西侧的Ι区。不同源区沉积物在研究区的输运过程主要受控于季节性表层环流，其驱动力为印度季风系统。
Abstract:Rare earth element (REE) compositions and their spatial distribution pattern for 98 surface sediment samples collected from the southern part of the Bay of Bengal are carefully studied in this paper. The main sources of sediments are identified and the sediment transport modes discussed in combination with the hydrodynamic environment features. The results suggest that the total concentrations of rare earth elements in the surface sediments of the study area vary between 67.62 μg/g and 180.67 μg/g, with an average at 100.85 μg/g. The samples are rich in light REE and uniform in heavy REE with an obvious negative anomaly of Eu. Based on the major parameters of REE, the study area can be subdivided into two provinces, the province Ι located in the west part of the study area and the province Ⅱ located in the east. According to the chondrite-normalized La/Yb-Sm/Nd diagram for provenance identification, most of the surface sediments of the study area is provided by the erosion of the Himalayan Mountain and transported by the Ganges-Brahmaputra River. The subordinate source is the Indian Peninsula, of which the sediments were transported by the Godavari River-Krishna River in the province Ι located in the west part of the study area. The transportation of sediments in different source areas is mainly controlled by the seasonal surface circulation driven by the Indian monsoon system.
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Key words:
- Bengal Fan /
- Rare earth elements /
- Provenance /
- Monsoon circulation /
- Northeast Indian Ocean
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名称 长度/km 流域面积/103km2 流量/(km3/a) 悬浮沉积物通量/(Mt/a) 溶解质通量/(Mt/a) 恒河 2 200 980 490 520 91 布拉马普特拉河 2 600 670 630 540 63 默哈纳迪河 900 140 54 61 8.1 戈达瓦里河 1 400 310 120 170 20 克里希纳河 1 300 260 62 64 22 伊洛瓦底江 2 300 430 430 360 98 
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表 2 研究区及周边河流稀土元素含量及分异参数
Table 2. Rare earth elements composition and differentiation parameters of sediments of the study area and adjacent rivers
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 总稀土 总轻稀土/
总重稀土δEu δCe La/Yb Sm/Nd 平均值 19.98 41.88 4.66 18.08 3.62 0.97 3.40 0.54 3.17 0.60 1.72 0.27 1.69 0.27 100.85 7.59 0.85 1.04 7.90 0.62 最大值 35.67 80.24 8.18 30.92 5.94 1.52 5.48 0.88 4.90 0.91 2.63 0.42 2.59 0.41 180.67 8.92 0.97 1.14 9.30 0.66 最小值 13.90 25.47 3.22 12.75 2.59 0.78 2.57 0.40 2.37 0.46 1.33 0.22 1.33 0.21 67.62 6.49 0.75 0.92 6.84 0.59 标准偏差 3.60 9.15 0.83 3.00 0.55 0.11 0.46 0.07 0.39 0.07 0.19 0.03 0.18 0.03 18.53 0.59 0.04 0.06 0.62 0.14 上陆壳 30.00 64.00 7.10 26.00 4.50 0.88 3.80 0.64 3.50 0.80 2.30 0.33 2.20 0.32 146.37 9.54 0.65 1.06 9.19 0.53 伊洛瓦底江 33.00 67.29 7.29 25.71 4.71 0.91 3.91 0.61 3.49 0.67 2.04 0.33 2.04 0.33 152.34 10.39 0.69 1.03 10.98 0.58 默哈纳迪河 46.21 94.87 8.67 35.59 6.69 1.41 5.74 0.89 4.20 0.88 2.71 0.45 2.36 0.34 211.03 10.99 0.70 1.14 13.20 0.58 戈达瓦里-克里希纳河 38.85 91.38 8.20 33.70 6.79 1.70 5.53 1.03 5.47 1.10 3.09 0.46 2.50 0.37 200.16 10.49 0.85 1.22 10.49 0.62 恒河-布拉马普特拉河 49.07 100.13 11.27 41.60 8.14 1.37 6.87 1.06 6.11 1.17 3.31 0.49 3.37 0.52 234.48 9.06 0.60 1.02 9.63 0.60 注：稀土元素含量单位为μg/g；δEu、δCe、La/Yb和Sm/Nd均为经球粒陨石标准化后的值。上陆壳数据引自文献[28]；伊洛瓦底江数据引自文献[29]；默哈纳迪河和戈达瓦里-克里希纳河数据引自文献[30]；恒河-布拉马普特拉河数据引自文献[31]；球粒陨石数据引自文献[32]。
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