Environmental magnetic characteristics and influencing factors on the west coast of Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica
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摘要:
南极无冰区独特的环境系统近几十年来被广泛地关注和研究，同时环境磁学方法在环境变化研究中也被越来越多的应用。本文通过对2015年采自南极菲尔德斯半岛西海岸一根长26 cm的柱样进行环境磁学、粒度、210Pb和稳定碳同位素测试分析发现，由于海岸基岩为安山质玄武岩，所以沉积柱样整体的磁性矿物含量较高，表现出较强的磁性，其磁化率均值（χlf）高达1597×10−8 m3·kg−1，约为一般海滩磁化率值的3～4倍。其磁性矿物类型主要是假单畴的亚铁磁性矿物颗粒（磁铁矿）且含有少量的反铁磁性矿物颗粒（赤铁矿）。垂向上210Pb和粒度结果显示，柱样上段沉积物粒度较细，水动力较弱使得细粒磁性矿物颗粒被快速保存下来，而随着深度的增加粒度逐渐变粗，岸滩水动力相对增强，而且底部受到生物有机质溶解作用的影响导致柱样上段磁学参数值高于下段。
Abstract:The unique environmental system of the Antarctic ice-free region has been widely studied in recent decades, and environmental magnetism is doubtlessly the method most commonly used in the study. In the year of 2015, a 26 cm long core was collected by the authors from the west coast of the Antarctic peninsula for environmental magnetism, granularity, 210Pb and stable carbon isotope testing and analysis. The bedrock of the coast is dominated by andesitic basalt, so the sediments of the core samples are high in magnetic minerals in general, that resulted in high magnetism. The average susceptibility (χlf) is about 1597×10−8 m3·kg−1, almost 3～4 times higher than the beach magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic minerals mainly consist of ferromagnetic particles (magnetite) with small amount of antiferromagnetic particles (hematite). The vertical changes in 210Pb and granularity data suggest that the sediment particle size is too fine for water movement, and therefore, the movement of pore water is weak. Under such a circumstance, the fine magnetic mineral grains are easily to be preserved. With the increase in depth, the sediments gradually become coarser, and the movement of water is thus enhanced. Plus the influence of biological organic dissolution, magnetism parameters of the lower part of the core is decreased accordingly.
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Key words:
- environmental magnetism /
- beach sediment /
- 210Pb dating /
- stable carbon isotope /
- Fildes Peninsula
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表 1 柱样各段测试参数结果
Table 1. Test parameters for each section of the core
测试参数 第I段 第II段 第III段 范围 平均值 范围 平均值 范围 平均值 χlf /(10−8m3·kg−1) 1702～1754 1727 1627～1781 1709 1315～1518 1418 χARM /(10−8m3·kg−1) 3208～3526 3343 2722～3666 3145 1693～2481 2091 SIRM /(10−6Am2·kg−1) 173813～199122 190423 170772～212543 197464 156705～215261 177939 χfd% 0.1～0.8 0.5 0.1～1.4 0.6 0.1～0.8 0.4 χARM/χlf 1.9～2.0 1.9 1.5～2.2 1.8 1.2～1.7 1.5 χARM/SIRM /(m·A−1) 16.3～19.7 17.6 13.8～19.3 16 9.8～13.9 11.9 HIRM /(10−6Am2·kg−1) 3337～30204 16697 5456～28867 15009 5569～18502 11838 S−300 /% 98.5～99.8 99.1 98.6～99.7 99.2 98.9～99.7 99.3 HIRM/% 0.4～3.1 1.7 0.6～2.9 1.5 0.6～2.1 1.3 中值粒径/mm 0.2～0.3 0.3 0.3～0.5 0.3 0.5～1.4 1 砾石含量/% 1.6～8.8 5.2 1.0～17.8 6.2 8.8～43.6 27.6 砂含量/% 75.3～89.1 82.8 71.3～87.4 81.5 55.2～98.0 74.4 粉砂和黏土含量/% 9.4～16.0 12.0 9.5～15.6 12.5 1.0～7.1 2.6 
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表 2 不同类型沉积物的磁学参数
Table 2. Magnetic parameters of different types of sediments
沉积物 物源类型 χlf
/10−8m3·kg−1χARM
/10−8m3·kg−1SIRM
/10−6 Am2·kg−1HIRM
/10−6 Am2·kg−2S−300/% 数据来源 黄河 黄土 范围 20～100 23～509 1942～11982 139～956 86.4～99.7 文献[43] 平均值±标准差 43±13 164±80 5574±1445 372±101 93.3±2.3 长江 中酸性火成岩 范围 43～220 84～662 5551～16763 241～671 92.4～96.3 文献[43] 平均值±标准差 73±20 286±130 10900±2505 525±111 95.0±0.7 南极摩西岛土壤 片岩、砾岩 范围 9～339.6 − 1000～39000 − 81.5～98.5 文献[44] 平均值±标准差 55.1±75.8 − 6700±6900 − 90±4.2 东南极
Sandy湖长英质片麻岩 范围 20.96～66.19 60～410 − − − 文献[22] 平均值±标准差 − − − − − 印度西部
海滩片岩、花岗岩 范围 1.2～60.3 − 48.7～6908.4 222.9～74989.2 9～82 文献[45] 平均值±标准差 9.1±19.2 − 940.7±2243 8938.6±24774.2 52.8±22.1 印度尼西亚东部熔岩 玄武岩、安山岩 范围 734.87～1795.17 − − − − 文献[46] 平均值±标准差 1471.53 − − − − 中国东海
北部陆架黄河长江入海物质 范围 15～50 30～130 − − 0.84～0.88 文献[47] 平均值±标准差 − − − − − 南极菲尔德斯半岛海滩 玄武岩、安山岩 范围 1314.8～1780.8 1692.8～3666.3 156705.7～215260.6 333.7～3020.4 98.5～99.8 本文 平均值±标准差 1600.9±152.7 2772.4±592.5 188732.4±16370.1 1392.8±685.4 99.3±0.3
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