基于DEM数据的菲律宾海典型区地貌类型划分

宋维宇; 刘娅楠; 胡邦琦; 杨慧良; 陈江欣; 贾超; 刘森

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2020111501

基于DEM数据的菲律宾海典型区地貌类型划分

1.
中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266071

2.
青岛海洋科学与技术国家试点实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测功能实验室，青岛 266071

3.
山东大学海洋研究院，青岛 266237

4.
烟台海岸带地质调查中心，烟台 264010

基金项目: 中国地质调查局国家专项（DD20191010，DD20191003）

详细信息

作者简介: 宋维宇（1983—），男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事海洋地质研究工作，E-mail：songweiyu@21cn.com

通讯作者: 刘森（1989—），男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事海洋地质环境等研究工作，E-mail：sen_liu@sdu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P737.2

收稿日期: 2020-11-15

修回日期: 2020-12-24

刊出日期: 2021-02-28

Landform classification for the Philippine Sea based on DEM data

1.
Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China

2.
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resource, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China

3.
Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.

4.
Yantai Coastal Geological Survey Center, Yantai 264010, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Sen, sen_liu@sdu.edu.cn

Received Date: 15 November 2020

Revised Date: 24 December 2020

Publish Date: 28 February 2021

摘要

摘要:
深远海海底地质环境复杂，地貌形态多变，目前没有形成统一的地貌类型划分量化标准。本文主要针对这一问题，选择菲律宾海中南部典型区作为研究区，结合已有规范、标准和区域构造演化特征，提出了海山、海丘、海底裂谷、山间谷地、山间洼地、山间盆地6种四级地貌单元的量化划分标准。利用ArcGIS平台对DEM数据进行深度处理，提取高程、坡度、坡度变化率、地形起伏度等关键地貌因子，对研究区海山等地貌单元进行了定量化划分，明确了其分布特征。结果显示：受控于形成时期不同的构造背景，研究区西部与东部具有显著的构造走向差异，西部海岭呈近EW向雁式排列，东部海丘呈近NS向雁式排列，东部海丘相较于西部海岭更为狭长；海山、海丘和山间盆地等大规模地貌单元的形成往往受控于强烈的构造、岩浆活动。本次研究成果能够丰富深远海海底地貌类型划分和成因研究领域，为今后相关标准规范的制定奠定基础。
- DEM /
- 四级地貌 /
- 地貌因子 /
- 地貌特征 /
- 构造演化 /
- 菲律宾海
Abstract:
Submarine geomorphology plays significant roles in marine environmental and engineering studies, and the deep sea is specially complex in geomorphology. Based on the existing norms, standards and regional tectonic evolution characteristics, this paper takes the Philippine sea as the research object for study of deep sea geoenvironment. Quantitative standards are proposed and six different geomorphic units are identified, which include seamounts, hills, submarine rifts, mountain valleys, intermontane depressions, and intermontane basins. Based on DEM, ArcGIS is used to extract critical geomorphological factors such as elevation, slope, slope change and relief of land surface. Following the classification, the study area is quantitatively divided into six geomorphic units. Controlled by the tectonic stresses in different periods, the west part and the east part of the survey area show significant difference in tectonic strikes. The oceanic ridges in the west are arranged in a near-EW pattern, and the hills in the east are in a near-NS direction. Ridges are narrower in the west. Large-scale geomorphic units, such as seamounts and intermontane basins are often controlled by strong geological processes, such as magmatic, hydrothermal and tectonic activities. Facts have proved that this research is helpful to submarine landform classification and the study of their genesis. It can also contribute more to the formulation of relevant standards and specifications for deep sea geomorphological studies.
- DEM /
- fourth-grade geomorphology /
- geomorphic factors /
- geomorphological features /
- structural evolution /
- the Philippine sea

HTML全文

图 1 菲律宾海板块海底地形地貌与研究区位置图

Figure 1.

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图 2 基于DEM数据的海底地貌类型划分技术路线

Figure 2.

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图 3 研究区地貌图

Figure 3.

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表 1 典型地貌因子概念及算法

Table 1. The concept and algorithm of typical terrain factors

地貌因子	概念	公式
高程（水深）	海底到大地水准面的垂直距离	H
坡度	反映曲面的倾斜程度，用垂直高差和水平距离的比值表示	S_i=arctan（H/L）
坡度变化率	以坡度为基础，对其再做一次坡度运算即可取得坡度变率	坡度之坡度
地形起伏度	特定分析区域内，高程值与相对高程基准面之差	RF_i=H-H_relative

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表 2 研究区地貌类型划分

Table 2. The classification of geomorphic types in the study area

一级地貌	二级地貌	三级地貌	四级地貌
大洋地貌	大洋盆地（西菲律宾海盆）	盆内海岭	山间谷地海山海底裂谷
		深海海山群
		中央裂谷
		深海海岭（九州-帕劳海岭）	山间洼地海山山间盆地
	弧后盆地（帕里西维拉海盆）	深海海丘群	海丘山间谷地

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表 3 基于海底起伏高程的海山类型

Table 3. The seamount type based on sea floor relief elevation

起伏高度/m		200～500	500～1000	1000～2500	＞2500
相对高度/m（相较高程基准面）	1000～3500	小起伏中山	中起伏中山	大起伏中山	极大起伏中山
	3500～5000	小起伏高山	中起伏高山	大起伏高山	极大起伏高山
	＞5000	小起伏极高山	中起伏极高山	大起伏极高山	极大起伏极高山

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