Tectonic evolution and drilling proposal of the subduction system of the Caroline Ridge − An oceanic plateau in the Western Pacific
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摘要:
洋底高原的形成与演化过程是近年来海洋地质学关注的重点科学问题之一。卡罗琳洋底高原位于西太平洋雅浦海域，其构造演化独具特色，经历了热点火山作用、俯冲碰撞和裂解等多个地质事件，为洋底高原的研究提供了关键案例。目前对卡罗琳洋底高原演化过程的认识尚未完全明晰，未来研究可聚焦4个方面：①卡罗琳洋底高原北部正常洋壳年龄的厘定，揭示卡罗琳板块-太平洋板块边界的位置与形态；②结合钻井、地震地层学研究，建立地层年代框架，识别区域构造事件的发生时间与影响范围；③揭示索罗尔海槽岩石圈的张裂阶段及新洋壳是否形成；④阐明卡罗琳洋底高原俯冲前缘挠曲断裂带地壳的性质与年龄。近年来，我国十分重视卡罗琳海域的地质和地球物理调查研究，并有望开展大洋钻探计划。本文在前期工作的基础上提出了雅浦海域大洋钻探站位选取建议，希望可以解决以上关键科学问题，为全球洋底高原的形成演化研究贡献中国智慧。
Abstract:The formation and evolution of oceanic plateaus have been the focus of marine geology in recent years. The Caroline Plateau, also known as Caroline Ridge, near the Yap Trench in the western Pacific, is unique in tectonic evolution. It experienced from hotspot volcanism, subduction, collision, to rifting, and provided a key case for the study of oceanic plateaus. At present, the understanding of the evolutionary process of the Caroline Plateau is not completely clear. Future research shall focus on: (1) determining the age of the normal oceanic crust in the northern Caroline Plateau, and revealing the location and shape of the Caroline-Pacific plate boundary; (2) establishing stratigraphic time frame based on seismic stratigraphy in combination with drilling, and identifying the occurrence time and influence scope of regional events;(3) revealing the rifting stage and the possibility of oceanic crust formation in the Sorol Trough; (4) clarifying the nature and age of the crust in the bending-related fault zone in the incoming Caroline Plateau front. In recent years, geological and geophysical features of the Caroline plate are highly focused in China, and it is expected to carry out an ocean drilling program. On the basis of previous works, we proposed ocean drilling sites in the Caroline sea.
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Key words:
- oceanic plateau /
- plate boundary /
- ocean drilling /
- geophysics /
- Sorol Trough /
- Yap Trench
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表 1 大洋钻探建议站位主要信息
Table 1. Specifications of the proposed drilling sites
站位号 纬度 经度 水深/m 钻探深度/m CS1-1 9°59′14″N 143°20′51″E 4725 400 CS1-2 10°49′28″N 142°36′02″E 5175 200 CS2-1 8°39′45″N 143°32′00″E 3190 450 CS2-2 9°41′58″N 140°47′25″E 1970 400 CS2-3 7°50′13″N 139°42′12″E 2920 400 CS3-1 8°22′53″N 140°01′13″E 4225 100 CS3-2 8°55′37″N 139°56′22″E 4565 150 CS4-1 9°42′05″N 138°36′11″E 7060 150 CS4-2 9°04′30″N 138°46′46″E 4690 200 
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