Evaluation on of geological suitability for CO2 storage in salty aquifers in the East China Sea Shelf Basin
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摘要:
系统分析了东海陆架盆地咸水层CO2封存的关键地质要素，认为在构造和沉积演化的控制下盆地表现出“整体封存有利、东西封存差异”的特征，东部坳陷裂陷充分，构造单元面积大、沉积厚并且地层发育全，潜在封存层系为中新统和渐新统；西部坳陷裂陷早，构造单元面积相对小、地层薄并且地层时代老，CO2封存的有利储盖组合为古新统—始新统。对各二级构造单元咸水层CO2的封存量进行了计算，结果表明，东海陆架盆地D级咸水层CO2封存量为636.2亿t，其中东部坳陷的西湖凹陷和基隆凹陷封存量最大，均超过100亿t，其次为西部坳陷的瓯江凹陷，达到64亿t。结合关键封存要素建立了东海陆架盆地D级CO2地质储存适宜性评价指标体系，并对各评价单元进行了适宜性评价，结果表明西湖凹陷和瓯江凹陷CO2封存适宜性最好，为东海陆架盆地CO2封存的有利远景区。
Abstract:Abstracts: Based on the systematic analysis of key geological elements of CO2 storage in salty aquifers in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, it is believed that under the control of tectonic and sedimentary evolution, the basin shows the characteristics of "Favorable for overall storage, but having differences in the eastern and western depression". The eastern depression is fully rifted, with a large tectonic unit area, thick sediment, and full stratigraphic development; and the potential sequestration systems are the Miocene and Oligocene. The western depression was rifted early, the tectonic unit area is relatively small, with thin and old strata, and the favorable reservoir-cap assemblages for CO2 storage are the Paleocene and Eocene. The CO2 storage capacity of the salty aquifers in each secondary tectonic unit was calculated. Results show that the CO2 storage in the D-level salty aquifers of the East China Sea shelf basin is 63.62 billion tons, among which the storage capacity in the Xihu Sag and the Jilong Sag in the eastern depression is the largest, both exceeding 10 billion tons, followed by the Oujiang Sag in the western depression, reaching 6.4 billion tons. Combined with the key storage factors, an index system for evaluating the suitability of D-class CO2 geological storage in the East China Sea shelf basin was established. An index system for evaluating the suitability of D-level CO2 geological storage in the East China Sea shelf basin was established. The suitability of each evaluation unit was also evaluated. Overall, Xihu Sag and Oujiang Sag have the best suitability for CO2 storage and are favorable prospective areas for CO2 storage in the East China Sea shelf basin.
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Key words:
- CO2 storage /
- storage capacity /
- storage suitability /
- East China Sea shelf basin
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表 1 东海陆架盆地二级构造单元咸水层封存潜力计算表
Table 1. Calculation of salty aquifers’ storage capacity of the secondary structural unit in East China Sea Shelf Basin
评价单元 单元面积/
（104 km2）束缚封存量/
（106 t）溶解封存量/
（106 t）有效封存量/
（108 t）主要封存层系 长江凹陷 1.6 3 064.7 1 482.7 45.5 中新统、始新统 钱塘凹陷 1.5 3 414.9 1 585.3 50.0 中新统、白垩系 瓯江凹陷 1.9 4 975.9 1 456.5 64.3 中新统、始新统—古新统 虎皮礁凸起 1.6 603.8 402.2 10.1 中新统为主 海礁凸起 1.8 679.3 452.5 11.3 中新统为主 鱼山凸起 0.8 301.9 201.1 5.0 中新统为主 雁荡构造带 0.4 770.6 35.6 8.1 中新统为主 台北构造带 0.5 1 582.1 517.8 21.0 中新统、白垩系 闽江凹陷 2.8 3 864.4 1 245.6 51.1 中新统、白垩系 西湖凹陷 5.9 21 580.1 4 633.8 262.1 渐新统、中新统 基隆凹陷 2.9 8 843.8 1 928.5 107.7 渐新统、中新统 总计 21.7 49 681.5 13 941.6 636.2 
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表 2 东海陆架盆地D级CO2地质封存适宜性指标标准分级表
Table 2. Classification of suitability index criteria for D-level CO2 geological storage in the East China Sea Shelf Basin
评价指标层 评价指标（权重） 适宜 较适宜 一般适宜 较不适宜 不适宜 地质安全性 地壳稳定性 活动断裂 远离活动断裂带，无活动断裂通过 距活动断裂较近，无活动断裂通过 有新近纪断裂通过，但断裂在全新世活动不明显 有活动断裂通过，但活动断裂规模较小、活动较弱 位于大活动断裂带上，断裂活动强烈 区域性盖层 盖层的岩性 泥岩、钙质泥岩 含砂泥岩、含粉砂泥岩 粉砂质泥岩、砂岩泥岩 泥质粉砂岩、泥质砂岩 裂缝发育的灰岩、粗碎屑砂岩 盖层厚度/m ＞100 100～50 50～30 10～30 ＜10 盖层分布的连续性 连续，稳定 较连续，较稳定 连续性中等，较稳定 连续性较差，较不稳定 连续性差，不稳定 渗透率（K）/
10−3 μm2K＜0.0001 0.0001≤K＜0.001 0.001≤K＜0.01 0.01≤K＜0.1 K＞0.1 盖层二次截留能力 多套，质量好 多套，质量一般 一套，质量好 一套，质量一般 无 储存规模 构造单元
规模评价单元的面积（S）/km2 S≥30000 20000≤S＜30000 10000≤S＜20000 5000≤S＜10000 S＜5000 沉积地层厚度（H）/m H≥10000 6000≤H＜10000 3000≤H＜6000 800≤H＜3000 H＜800 区域性储层 储集岩的岩性 碎屑岩 碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩混合 碳酸盐岩 岩浆岩、变质岩等特殊储层 无 储层厚度/m ＞100 50～80 20～50 10～20 ＜10 储层砂厚比/% ＞60 60～40 40～20 20～10 ＜10 沉积相带 河流-三角洲 扇三角洲 滨海 浅海 深湖-半深湖 孔隙度（Φ）/% Φ≥25 15≤Φ＜25 11≤Φ＜15 7≤Φ＜11 Φ＜7 渗透率（K）/
10−3 μm2K≥100 10≤K＜100 1≤K＜10 0.2≤K＜1 K＜0.2 储存潜力 D级推定潜力（M）/
108 tM＞100 50＜M≤100 20＜M≤50 10＜M≤20 M＜10 单位面积D级推定潜力（m）/(104 t·km−2) m＞30 20＜m≤30 10＜m≤20 5＜m≤10 m＜5 经济适宜性 勘探开发程度 三维覆盖、钻井丰富、开发程度高 较多三维覆盖和钻井，开发程度低 二维数据覆盖，
少量钻井少量二维地震和
钻井无地震和钻井 离岸距离/km 0～100 100～200 200～300 300～400 ＞400
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表 3 评价指标层权重计算结果
Table 3. Results of weight calculation on the evaluation index layer
地质安全性 储存规模 经济适宜性 权重Wi 地质安全性 1 1 2 0.387 储存规模 1 1 3 0.444 经济适宜性 1/2 1/3 1 0.169 λmax（最大特征根）＝3.018，CI（一致性指标）＝0.009，CR（平均随机一致性）＝0.018<0.1 注：表格中数值代表横行指标相对纵列指标进行重要性两两比较的值。
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表 4 评价指标权重计算结果
Table 4. Results of weight calculation on the evaluation index
活动断裂 盖层岩性 盖层厚度 盖层连续性 盖层渗透率 二次截留能力 权重 0.125 0.047 0.068 0.054 0.063 0.029 单元面积 地层厚度 储层岩性 储层厚度 储层砂地比 沉积相 权重 0.056 0.056 0.038 0.044 0.024 0.024 储层孔隙度 储层渗透率 D级推定潜力 单位面积D级推定潜力 勘探程度 离岸距离 权重 0.039 0.028 0.068 0.068 0.0845 0.0845
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表 5 东海陆架盆地二级评价单元打分及综合评价
Table 5. Scoring and comprehensive evaluation of the secondary evaluation unit of East China Sea Shelf Basin
虎皮礁
凸起长江凹陷 鱼山凸起 钱塘凹陷 海礁凸起 瓯江凹陷 雁荡
低凸起闽江凹陷 台北
低凸起基隆凹陷 西湖凹陷 活动断裂 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 7 盖层的岩性 5 7 5 7 7 7 5 7 7 7 7 盖层厚度/m 5 9 5 7 5 9 5 7 7 9 9 盖层分布的连续性 3 7 3 5 3 7 3 7 3 9 9 渗透率(K)/10−3 μm2 7 9 7 9 7 9 9 9 7 9 9 盖层二次截留能力 7 9 7 9 7 9 9 9 7 9 9 评价单元的面积(S)/km2 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 3 9 9 沉积地层厚度(H)/m 3 5 3 5 3 7 3 7 5 9 9 储集岩的岩性 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 9 9 9 9 储层厚度/m 9 7 7 7 7 9 9 7 7 7 9 储层砂厚比/% 9 9 9 9 9 7 5 5 5 7 9 沉积相带 9 9 9 9 9 7 5 5 5 7 9 孔隙度(Φ)/% 9 9 9 7 9 9 9 7 7 7 9 渗透率(K)/10−3 μm2 9 9 9 7 9 9 9 7 7 7 9 D级推定潜力(M)/108 t 3 5 1 7 3 7 1 7 5 9 9 单位面积D级推定潜力(m)/(104 t·km−2) 3 7 3 9 3 9 5 9 7 9 9 勘探程度 3 5 3 5 5 7 5 5 3 3 9 离岸距离/km 3 5 5 7 7 9 7 5 5 3 3 综合得分 5.78 7.32 5.62 7.33 6.30 8.20 6.17 7.27 6.20 7.24 8.37
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