Experiment on microfractures of Mesozoic volcanic rock reservoirs in the Bozhong Sag: A case of andesite reservoir
-
摘要:
渤海湾盆地中生界火山岩发育广泛,但含油气性横向变化较大,失利井较多,勘探风险大,了解火山岩潜山储层内部裂隙发育程度及规律可为中生界火山岩潜山勘探提供理论依据。本文选取中生界安山岩,开展不同构造环境下岩石微裂隙发育程度实验,分析安山岩在不同应力状态下微裂隙发育规模、频率以及微裂隙空间分布,探讨张性和压性构造应力环境下中生界火山岩微裂隙发育能力及空间展布规律。实验结果表明:安山岩在压性和张性环境下均有微裂隙发育;安山岩在较低的压应力作用下产生大量微裂隙,微裂隙发育规模不随应力增大而升高,其原因可能是安山岩本身含有大量先存构造缝、溶蚀缝和溶蚀孔,受较小的应力后“再活化”产生微裂隙;结合渤中凹陷的构造演化过程,安山岩经历了燕山早期北东向压扭、中期伸展, 燕山晚期右旋压扭及喜山期伸展,导致其内部裂隙较为发育,其运储能力提升,具备成为优质储层的基本条件。
Abstract:The Mesozoic volcanic rocks are widely developed in the Bohai Bay Basin, North China. However, the regional oil-gas reserves vary greatly in lateral direction, and many wells frequently failed and exploration is facing high risk. Understanding the development of internal fractures of volcanic rocks can provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of Mesozoic volcanic buried-hill. We selected the Mesozoic andesite to carry out microfractures experiments under the action of tensile stress and compressive stress, in which the development ability and spatial distribution of microfractures in andesite rocks were analyzed. Results show that andesite generated microfractures in both compressive and tensile stress. Many microfractures occur under low compressive stress, and the size of microfractures does not increase with the increase of compressive stress. The reason may be that andesite contains many pre-existing structural fracture, dissolution-assisted fractures, and/or dissolution pores, which are “reactivated” to generate microfractures after small stress. Considering the tectonic evolution of the Bozhong Sag, we believed that andesite had experienced NE compression-shearing in early Yanshanian, extension in middle Yanshanian, dextral compression-shearing in late Yanshanian, and extension in the Himalayan, resulting in relatively well-developed internal fractures and improved the transportation and storage capacity, which have met the basic conditions of forming a high-quality reservoir.
-
Key words:
- volcanic rock /
- andesite /
- microfracture /
- structural fracture /
- Mesozoic /
- Bozhong Sag
-
图 12 渤中凹陷深层潜山储层各时期构造应力与裂缝发育关系[47]
Figure 12.
表 1 样品尺寸及实验参数
Table 1. Sample size and experimental parameters
实验编号 加载条件 样品尺寸 声发射探头数量 加载速度 峰值应力 Exp.1 压性 Φ40 mm×80 mm 13 0.1 kN/s 100% Exp.2 压性 Φ40 mm×80 mm 13 0.1 kN/s 70% Exp.3 张性 Φ60 mm×30 mm 14 0.02 kN/s 100% 表 2 实验结果统计
Table 2. Statistics of experimental results
实验编号 最大应力/MPa 声发射数量 累计数量 低应力阶段0~20% 中应力阶段20%~70% 高应力阶段70%~100% Exp.1 166.4 444 154 734 1332 Exp.2 116.4 630 75 705 Exp.3 6.3 114 462 644 1220 -
[1] 王洛, 李江海, 师永民, 等. 全球火山岩油气藏研究的历程与展望[J]. 中国地质, 2015, 42(5):1610-1620
WANG Luo, LI Jianghai, SHI Yongmin, et al. Review and prospect of global volcanic reservoirs [J]. Geology in China, 2015, 42(5): 1610-1620.
[2] 金春爽, 乔德武, 淡伟宁. 渤海湾盆地中、新生代火山岩分布及油气藏特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2012, 33(1):19-29,36 doi: 10.11743/ogg20120103
JIN Chunshuang, QIAO Dewu, DAN Weining. Meso-Cenozoic volcanic rock distribution and reservoir characteristics in the Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2012, 33(1): 19-29,36. doi: 10.11743/ogg20120103
[3] 王宇, 徐春强, 郭玲莉, 等. 渤海湾盆地石臼坨东428潜山构造成因解析: 华北克拉通破坏的深度揭示[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2021, 45(1):219-228
WANG Yu, XU Chunqiang, GUO Lingli, et al. Structural analysis of Shijiutuo East 428 buried hill in Bohai Bay basin: implications on destruction of the North China Craton [J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2021, 45(1): 219-228.
[4] Chen Z H, Liu W, Zhang Y, et al. Characterization of the paleocrusts of weathered Carboniferous volcanics from the Junggar Basin, western China: Significance as gas reservoirs [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016, 77: 216-234. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.06.018
[5] Li H, Tang H M, Qin Q R, et al. Characteristics, formation periods and genetic mechanisms of tectonic fractures in the tight gas sandstones reservoir: A case study of Xujiahe Formation in YB area, Sichuan Basin, China [J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019, 178: 723-735. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2019.04.007
[6] Zou C N, Zhu R K, Zhao W Z, et al. Geologic characteristics of volcanic hydrocarbon reservoirs and exploration directions in China [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica‐English Edition, 2010, 84(1): 194-205. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00181.x
[7] Du S, Shan X L, Yi J, et al. Controlling factors of high-quality volcanic reservoirs of Yingcheng Formation in the Songnan gas field [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2018, 25(4): 892-902. doi: 10.1007/s11771-018-3792-x
[8] Tang H F, Kong T, Liu X, et al. Formation mechanism of high-quality reservoirs of Lower Cretaceous volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks in Songliao Basin [J]. Petroleum Research, 2017, 2(2): 186-198. doi: 10.1016/j.ptlrs.2017.01.002
[9] Feng Z Q. Volcanic rocks as prolific gas reservoir: A case study from the Qingshen gas field in the Songliao Basin, NE China [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2008, 25(4-5): 416-432. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.008
[10] 黄胜兵, 刘丽芳, 陈少平, 等. 渤东低凸起南段中生界火山岩潜山优质储层形成控制因素及综合预测[J]. 中国海上油气, 2021, 33(2):26-35
HUANG Shengbing, LIU Lifang, CHEN Shaoping, et al. Controlling factors and comprehensive prediction for the formation of Mesozoic high quality volcanic buried hill reservoirs in the southern part of Bodong low uplift [J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2021, 33(2): 26-35.
[11] 徐春强, 张新涛, 王晨杰, 等. 渤中凹陷中生界火山岩特征及优质储层控制因素[J]. 吉林大学学报:地球科学版, 2022, 52(4):1027-1036
XU Chunqiang, ZHANG Xintao, WANG Chenjie, et al. Characteristics of mesozoic volcanic rocks and controlling factors of high quality reservoirs in Bozhong depression [J]. Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition, 2022, 52(4): 1027-1036.
[12] 张新涛, 张藜, 刘晓健. 渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷中生界火山岩优质储层发育规律[J]. 吉林大学学报:地球科学版, 2023, 53(1):1-16
ZHANG Xintao, ZHANG Li, LIU Xiaojian. Development regularity of the mesozoic volcanic reservoir in Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay basin, China [J]. Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition, 2023, 53(1): 1-16.
[13] 庞彦明, 章凤奇, 邱红枫, 等. 酸性火山岩储层微观孔隙结构及物性参数特征[J]. 石油学报, 2007, 28(6):72-77 doi: 10.7623/syxb200706014
PANG Yanming, ZHANG Fengqi, QIU Hongfeng, et al. Characteristics of microscopic pore structure and physical property parameter in acidic volcanic reservoir [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2007, 28(6): 72-77. doi: 10.7623/syxb200706014
[14] 孙先达, 索丽敏, 张民志, 等. 激光共聚焦扫描显微检测技术在大庆探区储层分析研究中的新进展[J]. 岩石学报, 2005, 21(5):1479-1488
SUN Xianda, SUO Limin, ZHANG Minzhi, et al. New progress of reservoir research by the technology of laser confocal scanning microscope analysis in the Daqing exploration area [J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2005, 21(5): 1479-1488.
[15] 姜振学, 唐相路, 李卓, 等. 川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(2):126-134 doi: 10.13745/j.esf.2016.02.013
JIANG Zhenxue, TANG Xianglu, LI Zhuo, et al. The whole-aperture pore structure characteristics and its effect on gas content of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the southeastern Sichuan basin [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016, 23(2): 126-134. doi: 10.13745/j.esf.2016.02.013
[16] 刘翰林, 杨友运, 王凤琴, 等. 致密砂岩储集层微观结构特征及成因分析: 以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长6段和长8段为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(2):223-234
LIU Hanlin, YANG Youyun, WANG Fengqin, et al. Micro pore and throat characteristics and origin of tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the Triassic Chang 6 and Chang 8 members in Longdong area, Ordos Basin, NW China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(2): 223-234.
[17] 陶圩, 郭玲莉, 刘永江, 等. 渤中凹陷深层储层裂隙发育程度实验研究[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2021, 45(1):229-241
TAO Wei, GUO Lingli, LIU Yongjiang, et al. Experiment study on microfracturing of deep reservoirs in the Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay basin [J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2021, 45(1): 229-241.
[18] 沈功田, 戴光, 刘时风. 中国声发射检测技术进展: 学会成立25周年纪念[J]. 无损检测, 2003, 25(6):302-307 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6656.2003.06.007
SHEN Gongtian, DAI Guang, LIU Shifeng. Acoustic emission testing progress in China: celebration for the 25th anniversary of Chinese society for NDT [J]. Nondestructive Testing, 2003, 25(6): 302-307. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6656.2003.06.007
[19] 杨瑞峰, 马铁华. 声发射技术研究及应用进展[J]. 中北大学学报:自然科学版, 2006, 27(5):456-461
YANG Ruifeng, MA Tiehua. A study on the applications of acoustic emission technique [J]. Journal of North University of China:Natural Science Edition, 2006, 27(5): 456-461.
[20] 李善春. 管道气体泄漏的声源与声发射信号特性研究[D]. 大庆石油学院博士学位论文, 2007
LI Shanchun. Study of acoustic resources from leakage of gas in pipe and acoustic emission signals characteristics[D]. Doctor Dissertation of Northeast Petroleum University, 2007.
[21] 李三忠, 索艳慧, 戴黎明, 等. 渤海湾盆地形成与华北克拉通破坏[J]. 地学前缘, 2010, 17(4):64-89
LI Sanzhong, SUO Yanhui, DAI Liming, et al. Development of the Bohai Bay Basin and destruction of the North China Craton [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2010, 17(4): 64-89.
[22] 吴智平, 侯旭波, 李伟. 华北东部地区中生代盆地格局及演化过程探讨[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2007, 31(4):385-399 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1552.2007.04.001
WU Zhiping, HOU Xubo, LI Wei. Discussion on Mesozoic basin patterns and evolution in the Eastern North China block [J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2007, 31(4): 385-399. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1552.2007.04.001
[23] 牛成民, 薛永安, 黄江波, 等. 渤海海域隐性走滑断层形成机理、识别方法与控藏作用[J]. 中国海上油气, 2019, 31(6):1-12
NIU Chengmin, XUE Yong’an, HUANG Jiangbo, et al. Formation mechanisms, identification methods and control effects of recessive strike-slip faults in the Bohai sea [J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2019, 31(6): 1-12.
[24] 赵利, 李理. 渤海湾盆地晚中生代以来伸展模式及动力学机制[J]. 中国地质, 2016, 43(2):470-485 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2016.02.009
ZHAO Li, LI Li. The extensional pattern and dynamics of Bohai Bay basin in Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic [J]. Geology in China, 2016, 43(2): 470-485. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2016.02.009
[25] 肖胜东. 渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷凝析气藏相态识别及其成因机制[D]. 西北大学硕士学位论文, 2019
XIAO Shengdong. Phase identification and genetic mechanism of condensate gas reservoirs in the Bozhong depression, Bohai Bay Basin[D]. Master Dissertation of Northwest University, 2019.
[26] 侯贵廷, 钱祥麟, 宋新民. 渤海湾盆地形成机制研究[J]. 北京大学学报:自然科学版, 1998, 34(4):503-509
HOU Guiting, QIAN Xianglin, SONG Xinmin. The origin of the Bohai Bay basin [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 1998, 34(4): 503-509.
[27] 王保全, 王志萍, 汤国民, 等. 渤海海域中部地区中生界火山岩储层特征及主控因素[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2020, 36(8):36-42
WANG Baoquan, WANG Zhiping, TANG Guomin, et al. Characteristics of mesozoic volcanic reservoir rocks and their main controlling factors in the central Bohai sea [J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2020, 36(8): 36-42.
[28] 叶涛, 韦阿娟, 彭靖淞, 等. 渤海海域白垩系义县组火山岩岩相特征及成储差异[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2018, 47(5):1081-1091 doi: 10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.000781
YE Tao, WEI Ajuan, PENG Jingsong, et al. Characteristics and reservoir-forming differences of volcanic lithofacies in Yixian formation of Cretaceous in Bohai Bay area [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2018, 47(5): 1081-1091. doi: 10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.000781
[29] 岳庆友. 渤中凹陷中生界火山岩成储机理及分布规律研究[D]. 吉林大学博士学位论文, 2021
YUE Qingyou. Formation mechanism and distribution of the Mesozoic volcanic reservoir in Bozhong Sag[D]. Doctor Dissertation of Jilin University, 2021.
[30] 潘玉啟, 黄志安, 吴子杰, 等. 辽宁阜新地区义县组火山岩特征及喷发旋回划分[J]. 地质与资源, 2014, 23(S1):21-26
PAN Yuqi, HUANG Zhi’an, WU Zijie, et al. Characteristics of volcanic rocks and division of eruption cycles of the Yixian formation in Fuxin, Liaoning province [J]. Geology and Resources, 2014, 23(S1): 21-26.
[31] Tian J Q, Hao F, Zhou X H, et al. Distribution, controlling factors, and oil-source correlation of biodegraded oils in the Bohai offshore area, Bohai Bay basin, China [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2017, 101(3): 361-386. doi: 10.1306/07251614105
[32] 杨一珉. 渤中坳陷石臼坨凸起倾末端427/428构造潜山成藏特征研究[D]. 成都理工大学硕士学位论文, 2018
YANG Yimin. The research of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of buried hills in Shijiutuo uplift tilting end: 427/428 of Bozhong depression[D]. Master Dissertation of Chengdu University of Technology, 2018.
[33] 王晨杰, 张新涛, 徐春强, 等. 渤中凹陷北部中生界火山岩储层发育特征及主控因素[J]. 中国海上油气, 2021, 33(3):48-57
WANG Chenjie, ZHANG Xintao, XU Chunqiang, et al. Development characteristics and main controlling factors of Mesozoic volcanic reservoirs in northern Bozhong sag [J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2021, 33(3): 48-57.
[34] 王晨杰, 张新涛, 徐春强, 等. 渤中凹陷428构造中生界火山岩优质储层主控因素[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2022, 38(2):69-75
WANG Chenjie, ZHANG Xintao, XU Chunqiang, et al. Main controlling factors of high-quality Mesozoic volcanic rock reservoirs in the Structure 428 of Bozhong Sag [J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2022, 38(2): 69-75.
[35] 刘培洵, 刘力强, 黄元敏, 等. 声发射定位的稳健算法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2009, 28(S1):2760-2764 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2009.z1.026
LIU Peixun, LIU Liqiang, HUANG Yuanmin, et al. Robust arithmetic for acoustic emission location [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28(S1): 2760-2764. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2009.z1.026
[36] 刘培洵, 陈顺云, 郭彦双, 等. 声发射矩张量反演[J]. 地球物理学报, 2014, 57(3):858-866
LIU Peixun, CHEN Shunyun, GUO Yanshuang, et al. Moment tensor inversion of acoustic emission [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2014, 57(3): 858-866.
[37] 徐聪, 李理, 符武才. 鲁西地块中、新生界裂缝发育特征及构造应力场分析[J]. 地质科学, 2021, 56(3):829-844 doi: 10.12017/dzkx.2021.042
XU Cong, LI Li, FU Wucai. Development characteristics of fractures in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and structure stress field analysis of the Luxi block [J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2021, 56(3): 829-844. doi: 10.12017/dzkx.2021.042
[38] 李三忠, 王金铎, 刘建忠, 等. 鲁西地块中生代构造格局及其形成背景[J]. 地质学报, 2005, 79(4):487-497
LI Sanzhong, WANG Jinduo, LIU Jianzhong, et al. Mesozoic structure and its tectonic setting in the Western Shandong block [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2005, 79(4): 487-497.
[39] 纪友亮, 胡光明, 黄建军, 等. 渤海湾地区中生代地层剥蚀量及中、新生代构造演化研究[J]. 地质学报, 2006, 80(3):351-358
JI Youliang, HU Guangming, HUANG Jianjun, et al. Eroded strata thickness of mesozoic and evolution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in the Bohai bay basin area [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(3): 351-358.
[40] 赵重远. 渤海湾盆地的构造格局及其演化[J]. 石油学报, 1984, 5(1):1-8
ZHAO Chongyuan. Structural pattern and evolution of Bohaiwan BASIN, China [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1984, 5(1): 1-8.
[41] Yi J, Li H Y, Shan X L, et al. Division and identification of vertical reservoir units in Archaeozoic metamorphic buried hill of Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China [J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022, 49(6): 1282-1294. doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(23)60349-0
[42] 周琦杰, 刘永江, 王德英, 等. 渤海湾中部中、新生代构造演化与潜山的形成[J]. 地学前缘, 2022, 29(5):147-160
ZHOU Qijie, LIU Yongjiang, WANG Deying, et al. Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution and buried hill formation in central Bohai Bay [J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2022, 29(5): 147-160.
[43] 蒋有录, 刘培, 宋国奇, 等. 渤海湾盆地新生代晚期断层活动与新近系油气富集关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(4):525-533
JIANG Youlu, LIU Pei, SONG Guoqi, et al. Late Cenozoic faulting activities and their influence upon hydrocarbon accumulations in the Neogene in Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(4): 525-533.
[44] 周维维. 渤海湾盆地断裂趋势带特征及控油作用[D]. 中国石油大学(华东)博士学位论文, 2015
ZHOU Weiwei. Characteristics of fault trend zone and oil control in Bohai Bay basin[D]. Doctor Dissertation of China University of Petroleum (East China), 2015.
[45] Liu X J, Hou M C, Niu C M, et al. Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic controls on the formation of large‐scale metamorphic rock buried‐hill reservoirs in Bozhong Sag, Eastern China [J]. Geological Journal, 2021, 56(10): 5109-5124. doi: 10.1002/gj.4226
[46] Wang W, Yi J, Shan X L, et al. Characteristics of fractures development and its controlling factors within the buried hill reservoirs from the Archaean metamorphic basement in the Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China [J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 935508. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.935508
[47] 赵子龙. 渤中凹陷深层油气运聚成藏机制[D]. 西北大学博士学位论文, 2020
ZHAO Zilong. Mechanism of deep hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the Bozhong Depression[D]. Doctor Dissertation of Northwest University, 2020.