海洋地球物理数据处理现状及展望

刘鸿; 徐华宁; 刘欣欣; 陈江欣; 张菲菲; 王小杰; 颜中辉; 杨佳佳; 杨睿

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2023112002

海洋地球物理数据处理现状及展望

1.
中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266237

2.
青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室，青岛 266237

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“南海北部大陆边缘高磁异常带的构造形态及其对中生代古俯冲体系的指示”（42006068），“基于多分辨HHT时频分析的南黄海中深层弱地震反射补偿研究”（42106208），“东海陆架盆地长排列地震数据高精度叠前逆时深度偏移成像”（42106207）；山东省自然科学基金面上项目“天然气水合物频变衰减特征定量研究”（ZR2022MD029）；崂山实验室科技创新项目“基于数字孪生的全球深时地貌重塑与资源环境预测”（LSKJ202204400）

详细信息

作者简介: 刘鸿（1987—），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事地球物理数据处理及应用研究，E-mail：hliu529@163.com

通讯作者: 徐华宁（1973—），男，博士，教授级高工，主要从事海洋地球物理调查研究，E-mail：xuhuaning1973@163.com

中图分类号: P736

收稿日期: 2023-11-20

修回日期: 2024-03-11

录用日期: 2024-03-11

刊出日期: 2024-06-28

Data processing in Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology: today and tomorrow

1.
The Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266237, China

2.
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China

More Information

Corresponding author: XU Huaning, xuhuaning1973@163.com

Received Date: 20 November 2023

Revised Date: 11 March 2024

Accepted Date: 11 March 2024

Publish Date: 28 June 2024

摘要

摘要:
本文详细介绍了青岛海洋地质研究所地球物理数据处理技术的发展历程、技术现状和展望。介绍了目前主流的多波束高精度成像及声学信息提取技术、重磁数据处理及解释技术、浅水高分辨率浅地层剖面/单道地震数据处理技术、低信噪比小道距多道地震成像技术、长排列多道地震数据处理技术、水合物三维地震数据处理技术和地球物理反演与目标体识别技术等关键处理技术的现状，并对今后数据处理技术发展方向进行了展望。这些技术已成功运用于多项海洋基础地质调查、海岸带调查、深海地质调查、油气和水合物资源调查项目中，为海洋地质调查和研究提供了良好的支撑。
- 地球物理数据处理 /
- 三维地震数据处理 /
- 数据融合 /
- 目标识别
Abstract:
This paper introduces in detail the development process, current situation, and outlook of geophysical data processing technologies used in Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology. The key geophysical processing technologies, such as multi-beam high-precision imaging and acoustic information extraction, gravity and magnetic data processing and interpretation, shallow water high-resolution sub-bottom profiling / single-channel seismic processing, low signal-to-noise ratio small-interval multi-channel seismic imaging, long-spread and multi-channel seismic data processing, three dimensional hydrate seismic processing, and geophysical inversion and target recognition, are summarized and the future development prospect of these data processing technologies are envisaged. These technologies have been successfully applied to marine basic geological survey, coastal zone survey, deep-sea geological survey, and oil- gas and hydrate resource exploration projects, providing good supports to marine geological survey and research.
- geophysical data processing /
- 3D seismic processing /
- data fusion /
- target recognition

HTML全文

图 1 某海域多波束数据精细处理前后地形地貌对比

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 日变数据回归分析计算结果

Figure 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 基于重磁综合解释技术的构造单元划分和断裂分析流程

Figure 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 原始数据编辑前后的地震数据波形

Figure 4.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 剩余静校正前后浅地层剖面对比

Figure 5.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 双曲噪声压制前后的叠加剖面

Figure 6.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 加权相干加强前后叠加剖面对比

Figure 7.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 压制多次波前后速度谱对比

Figure 8.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 叠前时间偏移剖面（左）和时间域显示叠前深度偏移剖面（右）

Figure 9.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 最终速度场3D显示

Figure 10.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 数据规则化前后覆盖次数对比

Figure 11.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 浅地层剖面上浅层气逃逸通道的刻画（据文献[47]）

Figure 12.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(47)

[1]	陈建文. 南黄海崂山隆起海相中-古生界发现多个大型圈闭构造[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2016, 32(4):69-70 CHEN Jianwen. Many large trap structures were found in the marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic of Laoshan Uplift in the South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2016, 32(4):69-70.]
[2]	杨传胜, 杨长清, 杨艳秋, 等. 东海陆架盆地中生界残留分布特征及其大地构造意义[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2017, 47(11):86-95 YANG Chuansheng, YANG Changqing, YANG Yanqiu, et al. Characteristics of Mesozoic strata in the East China Sea shelf basin and their geotectonic implications[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2017, 47(11):86-95.]
[3]	刘俊, 吴淑玉, 陈建文, 等. 南黄海崂山隆起浅水多次波压制及成像分析[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2017, 37(3):111-119 LIU Jun, WU Shuyu, CHEN Jianwen, et al. Shallow water multiples depression and imaging analysis on the Laoshan uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2017, 37(3):111-119.]
[4]	颜中辉, 栾锡武, 王赟, 等. 基于经验模态分解的分数维地震随机噪声衰减方法[J]. 地球物理学报, 2017, 60(7):2845-2857 YAN Zhonghui, LUAN Xiwu, WANG Yun, et al. Seismic random noise attenuation based on empirical mode decomposition of fractal dimension[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2017, 60(7):2845-2857.]
[5]	Yang J J, Luan X W, Fang G, et al. Elastic reverse-time migration based on amplitude-preserving P- and S-wave separation[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2016, 13(3):500-510. doi: 10.1007/s11770-016-0571-z
[6]	陈江欣, 宋海斌, 关永贤, 等. 海底冷泉的地震海洋学初探[J]. 地球物理学报, 2017, 60(2):604-616 CHEN Jiangxin, SONG Haibin, GUAN Yongxian, et al. A preliminary study of submarine cold seeps applying Seismic Oceanography techniques[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2017, 60(2):604-616.]
[7]	宋海斌, 陈江欣, 赵庆献, 等. 南海东北部地震海洋学联合调查与反演[J]. 地球物理学报, 2018, 61(9):3760-3769 SONG Haibin, CHEN Jiangxin, ZHAO Qingxian, et al. Investigation and inversion of seismic oceanography dataset in the NE South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018, 61(9):3760-3769.]
[8]	Chen J X, Song H B, Guan Y X, et al. Geological and oceanographic controls on seabed fluid escape structures in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2018, 168:38-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.04.027
[9]	Chen J X, Tong S Y, Han T G, et al. Modelling and detection of submarine bubble plumes using seismic Oceanography[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2020, 209:103375. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103375
[10]	Liu B, Yang L, Chen J X, et al. Seismic diffraction analysis of a fluid escape pipe beneath the submarine gas bubble plume in the Haima cold seep area[J]. Geofluids, 2021, 2021:9945548.
[11]	Liu H, Luan X W, Guo L L, et al. Fault distribution and formation mechanism of a magnetic quiet zone in the northern South China Sea[J]. Geological Journal, 2016, 51(S1):331-345. doi: 10.1002/gj.2844
[12]	张菲菲, 王万银, 李倩, 等. DEM网格间距及校正半径对重力地形校正的影响[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(3):597-607 ZHANG Feifei, WANG Wanyin, LI Qian, et al. Influence of DEM grid spacing and correction radius on terrain correction in gravity exploration[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(3):597-607.]
[13]	韩同刚, 童思友, 陈江欣, 等. 海底羽状流探测方法分析[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2018, 33(5):2113-2125 HAN Tonggang, TONG Siyou, CHEN Jiangxin, et al. Analysis of detection methods for submarine plume[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2018, 33(5):2113-2125.]
[14]	Liu B, Chen J X, Pinheiro L M, et al. An insight into shallow gas hydrates in the Dongsha area, South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2021, 40(2):136-146. doi: 10.1007/s13131-021-1758-6
[15]	赵文宇, 童思友, 陈江欣, 等. 海底冷泉羽状流及其资源效应探讨[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2021, 36(5):2251-2263 ZHAO Wenyu, TONG Siyou, CHEN Jiangxin, et al. Discussion on the submarine bubble plume and its effect on hydrocarbon resources[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2021, 36(5):2251-2263.]
[16]	Zhu C Q, Li Q P, Li Z H, et al. Seabed fluid flow in the China Seas[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023, 10:1158685. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1158685
[17]	张菲菲, 王万银, 杨金玉, 等. 根据重力数据研究南海北部陆缘断裂带的延伸问题[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2014, 29(5):2113-2119 ZHANG Feifei, WANG Wanyin, YANG Jinyu, et al. Research on the extension of faults zones in northern margin of the South China Sea based on the gravity data[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2014, 29(5):2113-2119.]
[18]	韩波, 张菲菲, 张训华, 等. 利用重磁震资料研究山东半岛及南黄海北部地区火成岩分布[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2016, 46(5):78-82 HAN Bo, ZHANG Feifei, ZHANG Xunhua, et al. The distribution data of igneous rocks of the South Yellow Sea and Shandong Peninsula by gravity and magnetic anomalies and seismic data[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2016, 46(5):78-82.]
[19]	张菲菲, 孟祥君, 韩波, 等. 辽东湾地区重、磁异常特征及其区域构造分析[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2019, 39(3):104-112 ZHANG Feifei, MENG Xiangjun, HAN Bo, et al. Gravity-magnetic anomalies of Liaodong Bay and their tectonic implications[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2019, 39(3):104-112.]
[20]	刘鸿, 栾锡武, 岳保静, 等. 南海北部磁静区重磁特征及成因[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2014, 34(4):65-78 LIU Hong, LUAN Xiwu, YUE Baojing, et al. Research on genesis and characteristics of magnetic quiet zone in the north South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2014, 34(4):65-78.]
[21]	李海龙, 吴招才, 纪飞, 等. 南海北部地壳密度结构: 基于约束三维重力反演[J]. 地球物理学报, 2020, 63(5):1894-1912 LI Hailong, WU Zhaocai, JI Fei, et al. Crustal density structure of the northern South China Sea from constrained 3-D gravity inversion[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2020, 63(5):1894-1912.]
[22]	韩波, 张菲菲, 田振兴. 利用PARKER变密度多层界面快速反演技术反演渤海地区密度界面[J]. 高技术通讯, 2020, 30(6):637-643 HAN Bo, ZHANG Feifei, TIAN Zhenxing. Inversion of density interface with PARKER variable technology in Bohai region by gravity data[J]. Chinese High Technology Letters, 2020, 30(6):637-643.]
[23]	潘军, 栾锡武, 刘鸿, 等. 异常振幅衰减技术在多道地震数据处理中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2016, 31(4):1639-1645 PAN Jun, LUAN Xiwu, LIU Hong, et al. Application of anomalous amplitude noise attenuation in seismic data processing of multichannel survey line[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2016, 31(4):1639-1645.]
[24]	王小杰, 徐华宁, 刘俊. 南黄海中部浅地层剖面数据处理新进展[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2019, 35(6):69-72 WANG Xiaojie, XU Huaning, LIU Jun. New progress in data processing of shallow profile on the central uplift of South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2019, 35(6):69-72.]
[25]	王小杰, 栾锡武. 基于小波分频技术的地层Q值补偿方法研究[J]. 石油物探, 2017, 56(2):203-209 WANG Xiaojie, LUAN Xiwu. The study of formation Q value compensation method based on wavelet frequency division technology[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2017, 56(2):203-209.]
[26]	颜中辉, 徐华宁, 李攀峰, 等. 基于HHT方法的地层Q值补偿方法研究[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(1):175-183 YAN Zhonghui, XU Huaning, LI Panfeng, et al. Research of compensation method for formation Q value based on HHT method[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(1):175-183.]
[27]	刘财, 张海江, 杨宝俊, 等. 小波变换在高分辨率地震勘探数据处理中的应用[J]. 长春地质学院学报, 1996, 26(1):78-82 LIU Cai, ZHANG Haijiang, YANG Baojun, et al. Application of wavelet transform to digital processing in high resolution seismic prospecting[J]. Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences, 1996, 26(1):78-82.]
[28]	李丽青, 陈泓君, 彭学超, 等. 海洋区域地质调查中的高分辨率单道地震资料关键处理技术[J]. 物探与化探, 2011, 35(1):86-92,102 LI Liqing, CHEN Hongjun, PENG Xuechao, et al. The main processing methods of high-resolution single-channel seismic data in marine regional geological survey[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2011, 35(1):86-92,102.]
[29]	颜中辉, 方刚, 徐华宁, 等. 希尔伯特谱白化方法在海洋地震资料高分辨率处理中的应用[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2018, 38(4):212-220 YAN Zhonghui, FANG Gang, XU Huaning, et al. The application of Hilbert spectral whitening method to high resolution processing of marine seismic data[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2018, 38(4):212-220.]
[30]	施剑, 吴志强, 刘江平, 等. 动校正拉伸分析及处理方法[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2011, 31(4):187-194 SHI Jian, WU Zhiqiang, LIU Jiangping, et al. Normal moveout stretch correction and its processing method[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2011, 31(4):187-194.]
[31]	杨佳佳, 潘军, 栾锡武, 等. 浅水多次波衰减技术在多道地震数据处理中的应用[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(1):167-174 YANG Jiajia, PAN Jun, LUAN Xiwu, et al. Application of attenuation technology to shallow water multiples in multi-channel seismic data processing[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(1):167-174.]
[32]	牛滨华, 沈操, 黄新武. 波动方程多次波压制技术的进展[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2002, 17(3):480-485 NIU Binhua, SHEN Cao, HUANG Xinwu. Progress in multiple attenuation techniques based on wave equation[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2002, 17(3):480-485.]
[33]	肖二莲, 陈瑜, 万欢, 等. SRME多次波衰减方法在海洋地震资料中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2010, 25(3):1057-1064 XIAO Erlian, CHEN Yu, WAN Huan, et al. Surface-related multiple elimination on marine seismic data[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2010, 25(3):1057-1064.]
[34]	王小杰, 颜中辉, 刘俊, 等. 基于模型优化的广义自由表面多次波压制技术在印度洋深水海域的应用[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2021, 41(5):221-230 WANG Xiaojie, YAN Zhonghui, LIU Jun, et al. Generalized free surface multiple suppression technique based on model optimization and its application to the deep water of the Indian Ocean[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2021, 41(5):221-230.]
[35]	颜中辉, 王小杰, 刘媛媛, 等. 东海多次波压制的关键技术[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2020, 36(7):64-72 YAN Zhonghui, WANG Xiaojie, LIU Yuanyuan, et al. Key techniques for multiple wave suppression in the East China Sea[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2020, 36(7):64-72.]
[36]	张兴岩, 朱江梅, 杨薇, 等. 海洋资料多次波组合衰减技术及应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2011, 35(4):511-515 ZHANG Xingyan, ZHU Jiangmei, YANG Wei, et al. Group technology of antimultiple in marine seismic data processing and its application[J]. Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, 2011, 35(4):511-515.]
[37]	王小杰, 颜中辉, 刘欣欣, 等. 基于小波分频的Q值补偿技术在东海中深层油气勘探中的应用[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2019, 39(6):200-206 WANG Xiaojie, YAN Zhonghui, LIU Xinxin, et al. The application of formation Q value compensation method based on wavelet frequency division to the exploration of middle-deep hydrocarbon in the East China Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2019, 39(6):200-206.]
[38]	Yang J J, He B S, Xu H N, et al. Stretching correction for amplitude-preserving vector wavefield reverse-time migration[J]. China Geology, 2019, 2(2):179-188. doi: 10.31035/cg2018071
[39]	高静怀, 汪文秉, 朱光明, 等. 地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 1996, 39(3):392-400 GAO Jinghuai, WANG Wenbing, ZHU Guangming, et al. On the choice of wavelet functions for seismic data processing[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 1996, 39(3):392-400.]
[40]	徐华宁, 舒虎, 李丽青, 等. 单源单缆方式采集的天然气水合物三维地震数据处理技术[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2009, 24(5):1801-1806 XU Huaning, SHU Hu, LI Liqing, et al. 3-D seismic data processing techniques for gas hydrate by the single-source and single-cable acquisition method[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2009, 24(5):1801-1806.]
[41]	杨鹏程, 李斌, 邵文潮, 等. 海域天然气水合物三维地震处理关键技术应用[J]. 海洋石油, 2021, 41(3):1-7 YANG Pengcheng, LI Bin, SHAO Wenchao, et al. The key techniques of 3D seismic data processing for gas hydrate[J]. Offshore Oil, 2021, 41(3):1-7.]
[42]	王小杰, 栾锡武, 王延光, 等. 黏弹性介质叠前地震反演方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2016, 51(3):544-555 WANG Xiaojie, LUAN Xiwu, WANG Yanguang, et al. Prestack seismic inversion of viscoelastic medium[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2016, 51(3):544-555.]
[43]	刘欣欣, 尹燕欣, 栾锡武, 等. 基于孔隙介质理论的地震反射特征分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2018, 18(14):8-19 LIU Xinxin, YIN Yanxin, LUAN Xiwu, et al. Analyses of seismic reflection characteristic based on porous medium theory[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2018, 18(14):8-19.]
[44]	Liu X X, Yin X Y, Luan X W, et al. Seismic rock physical modelling for gas hydrate-bearing sediments[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2018, 61(9):1261-1278. doi: 10.1007/s11430-017-9214-2
[45]	杨睿, 刘丽华, 郭攀, 等. 琼东南海域海底浅层水合物层识别研究[J]. 地质论评, 2017, 63(S1):185-186 YANG Rui, LIU Lihua, GUO Pan, et al. Research on gas hydrate identification in shallow sediments of Qiongdongnan area[J]. Geological Review, 2017, 63(S1):185-186.]
[46]	霍元媛, 杨睿, 潘纪顺, 等. 波形反演在天然气水合物中的应用研究进展[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2022, 42(4):207-221 HUO Yuanyuan, YANG Rui, PAN Jishun, et al. Application of full waveform inversion to gas hydrate research[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2022, 42(4):207-221.]
[47]	陈珊珊, 杨睿, 刘欣欣, 等. 参量阵浅地层剖面的处理方法及在识别浅层天然气水合物中的应用[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2023, 39(10):77-84 CHEN Shanshan, YANG Rui, LIU Xinxin, et al. Processing of parametric array sub-bottom profiles and the application in identifying shallow gas hydrates[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2023, 39(10):77-84.]