Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Source Rocks of Upper Permian Nayixiong Formation in QD18 Well, Qiangtang Basin
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摘要:
为进一步厘清羌塘盆地古生界烃源岩条件及油气勘探前景，以羌地18井钻遇的古生界上二叠统那益雄组黑色泥页岩为研究对象，通过岩石热解、元素分析、干酪根镜鉴，结合饱和烃色谱-质谱分析，评价那益雄组烃源品质，研究烃源岩的发育环境和演化过程，探讨羌塘盆地古生界油气勘探前景。结果表明：(1) 羌地18井那益雄组黑色页岩的TOC介于0.58%～6.74%之间，平均值为1.5%；有机质组成以镜质组为主，部分样品以腐泥组为主，H/C原子比介于0.42～0.81之间，O/C原子比介于0.08～0.28之间，干酪根类型指数TI介于－75.25～38.50之间，干酪根类型属于II2-Ⅲ型，以Ⅲ型为主；RO介于1.44%～2.01%之间，Tmax值介于455～544℃之间，主体进入高成熟演化阶段，部分达到过成熟阶段，以生凝析油、湿气为主；(2) 生物标志物揭示那益雄组沉积时水体为还原环境，具有混合物源特征。(3) 羌塘盆地二叠系发育有效烃源岩，盆地东部的有机质丰度明显高于盆地西部，羌地18井中有效烃源岩厚度最大，达到212 m，以中等烃源岩为主，部分达到优质烃源岩标准，优质烃源岩共发育4段，累计厚度达51.9 m，具有良好的生烃潜力及勘探前景，可以作为后续羌塘油气勘探的目标层系。
Abstract:To further clarify the conditions of Paleozoic source rocks and the prospect of oil and gas exploration in Qiangtang Basin, the black mud shale of Upper Permian Paleozoic Nayixiong Formation, which was drilled into QD18 Well, was taken as the research object. Through rock pyrolysis, elemental analysis, kerogen identification, combined with saturated hydrocarbon chromatography-mass spectrometry, the source quality of Nayixiong Formation was evaluated, and the development environment and evolution process of source rocks were studied. The exploration prospect of Paleozoic oil and gas in Qiangtang Basin is discussed. The results show that: (1) The TOC of the black shale of Nayixiong Formation in QD18 Well is between 0.58% and 6.74%, with an average value of 1.5%. The organic matter composition is mainly vitrinite, some samples are mainly sapropelic, H/C atomic ratio is between 0.42～0.81, O/C atomic ratio is between 0.08～0.28, kerogen type index TI is between －75.25～38.50, kerogen type belongs to type II2-Ⅲ, mainly type Ⅲ. The Ro was between 1.44% and 2.01%, and the Tmax was between 455 and 544℃. Most of them entered the stage of high maturity evolution, and some reached the stage of over-maturity, mainly condensate and moisture. (2) Biomarkers revealed that the water body of Nayixiong Formation was a reducing environment with the characteristics of mixture source. (3) Effective source rocks are developed in the Permian of Qiangtang Basin, and the abundance of organic matter in the eastern part of the basin is significantly higher than that in the western part of the basin. The thickness of effective source rocks in QD18 Well is the largest, reaching 212 m. There are four high-quality source rocks developed in total, and the accumulated thickness of high-quality source rocks is 51.9 m, which has very good hydrocarbon generation potential and exploration prospect. It can be used as target strata for subsequent Qiangtang oil and gas exploration.
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Key words:
- Qiangtang Basin /
- Permian /
- Nayixiong Formation /
- source rocks /
- abundance of organic matter
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图 1 区域地质图（a）、研究区地质简图（b，据姚华舟等, 2011简化）及钻井柱状图
Figure 1.
图 3 羌地18井H/C与O/C相关图解（底图据赵政璋等, 2001）
Figure 3.
图 4 羌地18井烃源岩成熟度图解（底图据赵政璋等, 2001）
Figure 4.
图 6 羌地18井烃源岩有机质来源图解（底图据Huang and Meinschein, 1979）
Figure 6.
表 1 羌地18井那益雄组泥页岩有机碳含量
Table 1. Organic carbon content of mudstones of the Nayixiong Formation in QD 18 Well
样品编号 深度/m 岩性 TOC/% 样品编号 深度/m 岩性 TOC/% 18J-SY01 225.0 灰黑色泥岩 0.58 18J-SY32 306.2 灰黑色泥岩 0.95 18J-SY02 227.0 灰黑色泥岩 0.73 18J-SY33 308.6 灰黑色钙质泥岩 0.98 18J-SY03 230.2 灰黑色泥岩 0.94 18J-SY34 310.5 灰黑色钙质泥岩 6.74 18J-SY04 233.0 灰黑色泥岩 1.11 18J-SY35 311.2 灰黑色泥岩 4.33 18J-SY05 235.6 灰黑色泥岩 1.02 18J-SY36 312.0 灰黑色泥岩 5.97 18J-SY06 237.0 灰黑色泥岩 0.84 18J-SY37 316.0 灰黑色钙质泥岩 1.09 18J-SY07 239.0 灰黑色泥岩 0.65 18J-SY38 323.0 灰黑色钙质泥岩 1.29 18J-SY08 241.8 灰黑色泥岩 0.58 18J-SY39 325.2 灰黑色钙质泥岩 1.03 18J-SY09 243.0 灰黑色泥岩 0.61 18J-SY40 326.7 灰黑色泥岩 1.33 18J-SY10 244.7 灰黑色泥岩 0.85 18J-SY41 331.5 灰黑色泥岩 0.90 18J-SY11 247.3 灰黑色泥岩 0.79 18J-SY42 333.5 灰黑色含钙质泥岩 1.07 18J-SY12 249.7 灰黑色泥岩 1.08 18J-SY43 336.0 灰黑色含钙质泥岩 0.96 18J-SY13 251.1 灰黑色泥岩 0.97 18J-SY44 340.9 灰黑色泥岩 0.71 18J-SY14 254.2 灰黑色泥岩 1.27 18J-SY45 349.7 灰黑色泥岩 1.35 18J-SY15 257.0 灰黑色泥岩 1.22 18J-SY46 353.0 灰黑色泥岩 0.70 18J-SY16 257.8 灰黑色泥岩 1.03 18J-SY47 356.5 灰色粉砂质泥岩 1.60 18J-SY17 260.0 灰黑色泥岩 0.75 18J-SY48 359.5 灰色泥岩 2.40 18J-SY18 263.7 深灰色泥岩 1.00 18J-SY49 363.8 灰色含粉砂泥岩 2.36 18J-SY19 269.8 深灰色泥岩 0.74 18J-SY50 369.5 灰色泥岩 0.42 18J-SY20 270.1 中灰色泥岩 1.24 18J-SY51 373.0 灰色粉砂质泥岩 2.50 18J-SY21 275.0 中灰色泥岩 1.20 18J-SY52 377.0 黑色泥岩 1.08 18J-SY22 276.2 中灰色泥岩 0.80 18J-SY53 379.0 深灰色泥岩 3.64 18J-SY23 276.8 中灰色泥岩 0.77 18J-SY54 383.0 灰色含粉砂泥岩 1.29 18J-SY24 280.6 炭质泥岩 0.77 18J-SY55 385.0 灰色含粉砂泥岩 2.71 18J-SY25 281.6 炭质泥岩 1.52 18J-SY56 394.0 深灰色泥岩 0.79 18J-SY26 288.0 炭质泥岩 3.97 18J-SY57 397.8 深灰色泥岩 1.06 18J-SY27 289.5 炭质泥岩 3.38 18J-SY58 403.0 深灰色泥岩 2.58 18J-SY28 292.0 灰色泥岩 0.84 18J-SY59 408.8 深灰色泥岩 4.49 18J-SY29 295.2 中灰色泥岩 0.84 18J-SY60 419.0 深灰色泥岩 0.96 18J-SY30 300.8 炭质泥岩 1.02 18J-SY61 437.0 灰色泥岩 0.71 18J-SY31 304.5 灰色泥岩 0.70 
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表 2 羌地18井烃源岩有机地化数据
Table 2. Organic parameters of source rocks in QD 18 Well
样品编号 岩性 层位 TOC/
%H / C
原子比O / C
原子比氯仿“A”/
%S1/
mg·g－1S2/
mg·g－1S1+S2/
mg·g－1Tmax/
℃18J-SY07 泥岩 P3n 0.65 1.81 0.74 0.0058 0.0148 0.0700 0.0848 508 18J-SY12 泥岩 P3n 1.08 0.75 0.22 0.0079 0.0165 0.0978 0.1143 520 18J-SY25 泥岩 P3n 1.52 0.66 0.20 0.01 0.0191 0.1466 0.1657 544 18J-SY40 泥岩 P3n 1.33 0.77 0.20 0.0076 0.0181 0.1812 0.1993 526 18J-SY44 泥岩 P3n 0.71 1.77 0.78 0.0049 0.0118 0.0568 0.0686 529 18J-SY45 泥岩 P3n 1.35 0.49 0.08 0.0069 0.0618 0.1560 0.2178 455 18J-SY47 泥岩 P3n 1.6 0.58 0.14 0.0077 0.0379 0.1919 0.2298 493 18J-SY54 泥岩 P3n 1.29 0.42 0.08 0.0068 0.0189 0.0678 0.0867 542
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表 3 羌地18井泥岩干酪根镜鉴数据
Table 3. Mudstone kerogen mirror data from QD 18 Well
样品编号 岩性 层位 有机显微组成/% 类型指数TI 有机质类型 腐泥组 壳质组 镜质组 惰质组 18J-SY07 泥岩 P3n 6 0 85 9 －66.75 Ⅲ 18J-SY12 泥岩 P3n 5 1 86 8 －67.00 Ⅲ 18J-SY25 泥岩 P3n 50 0 45 5 11.25 Ⅱ2 18J-SY40 泥岩 P3n 7 0 82 11 －65.50 Ⅲ 18J-SY44 泥岩 P3n 45 0 48 7 2.00 Ⅱ2 18J-SY45 泥岩 P3n 67 0 18 15 38.50 Ⅱ2 18J-SY47 泥岩 P3n 3 0 85 12 －72.75 Ⅲ 18J-SY54 泥岩 P3n 2 0 83 15 －75.25 Ⅲ
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表 4 羌地18井烃源岩生标参数
Table 4. Source rock biomarker parameters of QD 18 Well
样品编号 Ro CPI OEP n1 n2 Pr/nC17 Ph/nC18 Pr/Ph n主 n3 n4 n5 18J-SY07 1.56 1.04 0.71 0.81 1.29 0.28 0.57 0.42 C16、C25 0.45 0.22 0.51 18J-SY12 1.91 1.03 0.85 1.58 3.49 0.35 0.65 0.43 C18 0.5 0.27 0.5 18J-SY25 1.89 1 0.82 0.92 1.19 0.16 0.28 0.54 C16、C24 0.44 0.23 0.51 18J-SY40 1.99 1.08 0.71 1.35 1.6 0.29 0.56 0.51 C16 0.45 0.2 0.51 18J-SY44 2.01 1.06 0.7 0.71 1.02 0.24 0.53 0.49 C16 0.46 0.23 0.53 18J-SY45 1.44 1.02 0.73 0.97 1.45 0.26 0.45 0.44 C18 0.44 0.26 0.52 18J-SY47 1.44 1.05 0.76 1.12 1.78 0.19 0.38 0.5 C16 0.47 0.24 0.5 18J-SY54 1.68 1.03 0.75 1.23 1.82 0.31 0.49 0.47 C18 0.46 0.21 0.53 注：Ro 镜质体反射率（%）；CPI=0.5×[(C25+C27+C29+C31+C33)/(C24+C26+C28+C30+C32)+(C25+C27+C29+C31+C33)/(C26+C28+C30+C32+C34)]；OEP=[(Ci+6×Ci+2+Ci+4)/(4×Ci+1+4×Ci+3)](-1)i+1；n1=∑nC21−/∑nC22+；n2=(nC21+nC22)/(nC28+nC29)；n主—主峰碳数；n3= C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)；n4= C29αββ/(ααα+αββ)；n5= Ts/(Tm+Ts)
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