KEY ISSUES FOR MICROBIAL WEATHERING STUDY IN MODERN SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL SULFIDES
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摘要: 与现代海底热液系统所伴生的金属硫化矿床是人类未来矿产资源的可靠储备。热液硫化物矿体形成后,在相对漫长的后期改造过程中,金属硫化物成为深海微生物群落可靠而稳定的能量来源,并遭受着微生物的风化蚀变作用。而这种微生物与矿物之间的相互作用,已经逐渐成为目前地球科学与生命科学交叉研究的重要方向之一。简述了现代海底硫化物堆积体的微生物风化过程研究现状,从当前现存待解决的问题出发,展望了未来几个重要的研究方向:包括矿体尺度上微生物因素对风化作用的贡献程度及矿物蚀变次序、细胞尺度上的微观成矿机理、氧化蚀变过程中元素迁移富集及同位素分馏规律,以及涉及到蚀变作用中的微生物种属与有机生物标志物的特征等几个方面,以期加深人们对深海热液环境中微生物与矿物相互作用的理解,同时,为陆地环境中类似矿体的演化规律的研究提供现代视角上的有益思考。Abstract: Some hundreds of sites of massive sulfides have been found along global spreading axes and the submarine volcanoes on ocean ridges and volcanic island arcs. They are expected to be the dependable resources for human society in the future. After formation, massive sulfide ore bodies become the ideal substrates and energy source for diverse submarine microbial communities to survive; hence pervasive microbial weathering begins and lasts for a relatively long period in contrast to the ore body formation, which will provide invaluable chances to discover the interaction between microbes and minerals to expand our understanding on this topic. In this article, we briefly review the current research of microbial weathering process in sulfide ore bodies at seafloor environment and present several critical aspects that are still waiting for exploration. They include:i) the contribution of microbial factor to total mass weathering and degradation and the alteration sequence of minerals in an ore body scale; ii) biomineralization at natural in situ metal sulfide substrate on a micron or even finer scale; iii) the role of microbes in trace metal enrichment, migration and remobilization in massive sulfide heaps, and iv) microbial diversities, physiologic features and organic biomarkers involved in oxidative weathering of massive sulfide. The intention of this presentation is to deepen our understanding about the interaction between microbe and minerals and provide a new insight to investigate the evolutionary history of the analogous ore deposits on land.
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