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摘要:
豫西某石英型萤石矿含CaF2 41.58%、SiO2 45.76%，嵌布粒度粗细不均，部分细粒萤石被石英、长石包裹，给萤石提质带来一定困难，为此开展了详细的工艺矿物学、浮选药剂制度和浮选闭路流程对比研究。结果表明，在粗磨磨矿细度为-0.074 mm含量55%、pH值调整剂碳酸钠用量2000 g/t、脉石抑制剂水玻璃用量900 g/t、组合捕收剂氧化石蜡皂+油酸钠用量200+100 g/t、再磨磨矿细度为-0.043 mm含量76.89%的条件下，采用一段粗磨、一次粗选二次扫选六次精选、高品位中矿再磨返回二段精选的浮选流程，可获得CaF2 97.12%、回收率91.10%的萤石精矿；组合捕收剂的使用可实现萤石的常温浮选；与萤石常规的粗精矿再磨浮选工艺相比，高品位中矿再磨浮选工艺精矿品位和回收率均有所提高。工艺矿物学研究表明，再磨位置的选择至关重要，高品位中矿再磨避免了已解离萤石的过磨，增加了富连生体的解离程度，实现了二次分配，是提高此类嵌布粒度不均萤石资源选别指标的关键。
Abstract:A quartz-type fluorite ore in western Henan contains 41.58% of CaF2 and 45.76% of SiO2. The granularity of the inlay is uneven. Part of the fine-grained fluorite is wrapped by quartz and feldspar, which brings certain difficulties to the upgrading of fluorite. A comparative study of process mineralogy, the flotation reagent system and the closed-circuit flotation process was carried out. Under the optimum process conditions, namely the final fineness of coarse grinding was -0.074 mm, the content of 55%, the dosage of pH adjuster sodium carbonate 2000 g/t, and the dosage of gangue inhibitor water glass 900 g/t, combined collectors oxidized paraffin soap + sodium oleate dosage 200+100 g/t, regrind ore fineness of -0.043mm and content 76.89%, use one stage rough grinding, one roughing and second sweeping six times of beneficiation, high-grade medium ore regrind and return to the second-stage beneficiation flotation process, fluorite concentrate with 97.12% CaF2 and a recovery rate of 91.10% can be obtained. The fluorite flotation at room temperature could be realized with the combined collectors. Compared with the conventional coarse concentrate- regrinding flotation process, the high-grade middlings- regrinding flotation process has improved the grade and recovery rate of fluorite concentrate. The study of process mineralogy shows that the choice of regrinding location is crucial, and the high-grade middlings- regrinding could avoid over-grinding of dissociated fluorite, increase the degree of dissociation of coprecipitated fluorite, and realize the secondary distribution, which is the key to improve the selection index of this kind of distributed heterogeneous fluorite resources.
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Key words:
- Fluorite /
- Flotation /
- Process mineralogy /
- Medium ore regrind /
- Combined collectors
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表 1 原矿化学多项元素分析结果/%
Table 1. Chemical analysis results of multi-elements of the raw materials
CaF2 SiO2 CaCO3 Ba S TFe Na2O K2O MgO 41.58 45.76 0.71 0.079 0.015 1.40 0.46 2.14 0.32 
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表 2 捕收剂种类对萤石浮选的影响
Table 2. Effect of collector types on fluorite flotation
捕收剂种类及用量/（g·t-1） 产品
名称产率
/%CaF2品位/% CaF2回收率/% 氧化石蜡皂+油酸钠：300+150 精矿 54.31 75.77 94.42 RF315:600 精矿 49.07 78.99 88.94 癸脂+煤油：600+70 精矿 56.60 62.45 81.11 油酸（35℃）：1000 精矿 51.30 78.62 92.54 氧化石蜡皂+油酸：
300+150精矿 54.40 74.37 92.83 油酸钠：900 精矿 51.44 77.96 92.02
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表 3 浮选开路流程试验结果
Table 3. Test results of flotation open circuit
产品名称 产率/% CaF2品位/% CaF2回收率/% 精矿 29.52 97.92 66.58 中矿6 1.26 89.81 2.61 中矿5 1.73 88.82 3.53 中矿4 2.06 87.95 4.17 中矿3 3.02 82.45 5.74 中矿2 4.85 51.03 5.70 中矿1 9.43 24.22 5.26 扫精1 1.26 68.26 1.98 扫精2 0.89 59.35 1.23 尾矿 45.98 3.02 3.20 原矿 100.00 43.41 100.00
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表 4 不同浮选闭路试验结果
Table 4. Closed circuit test results of different flotation processes
试验方案 精矿 尾矿 产率/% CaF2品位/% CaF2回收率/% CaF2品位/% 方案1：粗精矿再磨中矿顺序返回 38.00 95.67 86.50 9.15 方案2：低品位中矿再磨返回 37.45 95.28 85.56 9.63 方案3：高品位中矿再磨直接返回 39.02 97.12 91.10 6.07
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