Research Status of Rare Earth Recovery from Sedimentary Rare Earth Ore and Discussion on Beneficiation Test in Northwest Guizhou
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摘要:
黔西北地区赋存于高岭石质黏土岩中的稀土矿资源是一种新类型稀土矿资源，该稀土矿属于全新的“沉积型稀土矿”。该稀土矿床含矿层平均厚度5.07 m，连续性好；稀土氧化物平均品位为0.26%，最高达1.6%，且关键稀土元素镨、钕、铽、镝含量较高，且其中伴生铌、镓、锆、钪等有价元素，具有极大的开发利用价值。目前针对这种新型稀土矿资源选矿实验研究程度并不高。本文针对该类型稀土矿开展了工艺矿物学研究发现该稀土矿暂无独立的载体矿物，且矿石粒度嵌布极细。选矿探索实验未能通过物理选矿方式实现该稀土矿物的有效富集，印证了工艺矿物学研究结论。
Abstract:The rare earth mineral resource occurring in kaolinite clay rocks in northwest Guizhou is a new type of rare earth mineral resources, which belongs to the brand-new "sedimentary rare earth ore". The average thickness of the rare earth deposit is 5.07 m with good continuity. The average grade of rare earth oxides is 0.26%, the highest is 1.6%, and the content of key rare earth elements such as praseodymium, neodymium, terbium and dysprosium is high, and the associated valuable elements such as niobium, gallium, zirconium and scandium are high, which has great development and utilization value. At present, the research on beneficiation of this new rare earth mineral resource is not much. This paper carried out process mineralogical research on this type of rare earth ore and found that the rare earth ore has no independent carrier minerals and the particle size of the ore is very fine. Beneficiation exploration experiment failed to achieve effective enrichment of the rare earth minerals through physical beneficiation, which confirmed the conclusion of process mineralogy research.
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Key words:
- Sedimentary rare earth /
- New type /
- Process mineralogy /
- Physical beneficiation
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表 1 原矿多元素分析结果/%
Table 1. Multi-element analysis results of the ore
Zr K2O Na2O MgO Mn TiO2 0.11 0.066 0.070 0.13 0.086 8.46 P2O5 Al2O3 CaO Fe Nb SiO2 0.14 30.60 0.62 4.11 0.0185 37.17 
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表 2 原矿稀土元素配分结果/（g·t-1）
Table 2. REE distribution results of the ore
Y La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu TREO 441 873 1121 236 849 96.8 12.7 97.1 15.2 80.2 16.5 52.6 6.93 44 6.61 3948.64
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表 3 矿石矿物组成
Table 3. Mineral composition of the ore
矿物分类 名称 矿物含量/% 金属氧化物 褐铁矿 0.50 赤铁矿 0.25 磁铁矿 0.25 铝土矿 0.25 金红石 8.35 锐钛矿 金属硫化物 黄铁矿 0.25 白铁矿 硅酸盐矿物 石英 2.20 火山玻璃 1.60 蛋白石 0.50 锆石 0.22 高岭石 83.38 伊利石 0.50 蒙脱石 0.50 水云母 0.50 绿泥石 0.25 其他矿物 方解石 0.25 菱铁矿 0.25 总量合计 100.00
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表 4 钛的氧化物工艺粒度特征
Table 4. Iron process particle size of Titanium oxide
粒度/mm +2 -2
+1-1
+0.5-0.5
+0.075-0.075
+0.03-0.03
+0.015-0.015 含量/% 0 0 0 1 7 66 26 累计含量/% 0 0 0 1 8 74 100
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表 5 铁的氧化物和氢氧化物工艺粒度
Table 5. Iron process particle size of oxide and hydroxide
粒度/mm +2 -2
+1-1
+0.5-0.5
+0.075-0.075
+0.03-0.03
+0.015-0.015 含量/% 0 0 1 7 23 55 14 累计含量/% 0 0 1 8 31 86 100
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表 6 摇床重选探索实验结果
Table 6. Results of gravity exploration separation by shaking table
产品名称 产率/% 稀土品位/% 稀土回收率/% 摇床精矿 2.67 0.41 2.92 摇床中矿 43.07 0.38 43.60 摇床尾矿 54.26 0.37 53.48 原矿 100.00 0.38 100.00
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表 7 螯合浮选实验结果
Table 7. Results of chelation flotation test
捕收剂/（g·t-1） 产品名称 产率/% 稀土品位/% 稀土回收率/% 煤油：400
松醇油：100粗精矿 16.70 0.37 16.70 尾矿 83.30 0.37 83.30 原矿 100.00 0.37 100.00 EB508: 400 粗精矿 9.32 0.42 10.42 尾矿 90.68 0.37 89.58 原矿 100.00 0.38 100.00
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表 8 浮选粗精矿-团聚-磁选实验结果/%
Table 8. Test results of flotation coarse concentrate-agglomeration-magnetic separation
探索实验 产品名称/% 产率/% 稀土品位/% 稀土回收率/% 浮选粗精矿-强化磁选实验 精矿 10.72 0.31 9.09 中矿 55.60 0.38 57.76 尾矿 33.68 0.36 33.15 原矿 100.00 0.37 100.00 浮选粗精矿-团聚-磁选实验 精矿 10.54 0.35 9.75 中矿 48.46 0.40 51.24 尾矿 41.00 0.36 39.01 原矿 100.00 0.38 100.00
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表 9 电选实验结果
Table 9. Test results of electrical separation
磨矿细度
-0.106 mm/%产品名称 产率/% 稀土品位/% 稀土回收率/% 79 精矿 65.63 0.37 67.14 中矿 9.84 0.36 9.79 尾矿 24.53 0.34 23.07 原矿 100.00 0.36 100.00 83 精矿 63.59 0.37 64.69 中矿 9.98 0.36 9.88 尾矿 26.43 0.35 25.43 原矿 100.00 0.36 100.00 87 精矿 66.24 0.36 66.53 中矿 9.22 0.37 9.51 尾矿 24.54 0.35 23.96 原矿 100.00 0.36 100.00
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