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粉煤灰中提取非晶态硅及硅产物的高值化利用

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康栋, 杨志杰, 张德. 粉煤灰中提取非晶态硅及硅产物的高值化利用[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2022, 43(4): 162-168, 174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2022.04.028
引用本文: 康栋, 杨志杰, 张德. 粉煤灰中提取非晶态硅及硅产物的高值化利用[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2022, 43(4): 162-168, 174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2022.04.028
shu
Kang Dong, Yang Zhijie, Zhang De. Extraction of Amorphous Silicon from Fly Ash and High Value Utilization of Silicon Products[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2022, 43(4): 162-168, 174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2022.04.028
Citation: Kang Dong, Yang Zhijie, Zhang De. Extraction of Amorphous Silicon from Fly Ash and High Value Utilization of Silicon Products[J]. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2022, 43(4): 162-168, 174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2022.04.028
shu

粉煤灰中提取非晶态硅及硅产物的高值化利用

  • 内蒙古工业大学矿业学院，内蒙古工业大学矿产资源绿色开发重点实验室，沙旱区地质灾害与岩土工程防御自治区高等学校重点实验室，内蒙古工业大学地质技术与岩土工程内蒙古自治区工程研究中心，内蒙古　呼和浩特　010051

  • 基金项目: 内蒙古科技计划项目(2020GG0287);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2019MS05076);内蒙古工业大学自然重点项目(ZZ201911)；内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目（S20210189Z）
详细信息
    作者简介: 康栋（1988-），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为固体废弃物资源综合利用
    通讯作者: 杨志杰（1983-），男，副教授，主要研究方向为固体废弃物资源综合利用。

  • 中图分类号: TD989; X756

Extraction of Amorphous Silicon from Fly Ash and High Value Utilization of Silicon Products

  • Mining School of Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Development of Mineral Resources of Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions of the Autonomous Region for Geological Hazards and Geotechnical Engineering Defense in Sandy and Arid Areas, Geological Technology and Geotechnical Engineering Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China

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    摘要

  • 我国以煤炭为主的能源结构，在保障着我国能源供给的同时也带来了大量的粉煤灰，尤其在我国西北地区,由于较低的粉煤灰利用率，造成了严重的环境污染及耕地占用等问题。目前有用组分的提取已然成为粉煤灰高值化利用的研究热点，特别是粉煤灰中非晶态硅的提取是提升粉煤灰资源化利用价值的重要手段。本文论述了碱浸法和酸浸法两种从粉煤灰中提取非晶态硅的工艺，剖析其原理及工艺特点，并探讨了提硅产物在绝热保温材料、白炭黑、分子筛、造纸填塑等方面的应用情况。相较于传统硅基产品的制备，利用粉煤灰提硅产物制备各种硅基制品具有产品性能好、成本低、应用广泛等优点，不失为一条实现粉煤灰高值化、精细化、梯级化利用的有效途径。

    Coal-based energy structure of China has not only guaranteed energy supply, but also brought a lot of fly ash, because of the low utilization rate of fly ash has caused serious environmental pollution and farmland occupation problems, especially in Northwest China. At present, the extraction of useful components has become a research hotspot of high-value utilization of fly ash, especially the extraction of amorphous silicon in it an important means to improve the value of resource utilization of fly ash. In this paper, two main processes of extracting amorphous silicon from fly a share described, namely alkali leaching and acid leaching. The principle and characteristics of the process are analyzed and the application of products by silicon extraction in the insulation material, silica black, molecular sieve, filling of paper and rubber is discussed. Compared with the products of traditional silicon-based, the various of silicon-based products prepared by fly ash have the advantages of better performance, lower cost and more wider application, which can be regarded as an effective way to realize the high-value, fine and cascade utilization of fly ash.

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  • 图 1  粉煤灰微观形貌

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  碱浸法提取粉煤灰中非晶态硅的工艺流程

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  碱浸法提取粉煤灰中非晶态硅

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  酸浸法提取非晶态硅的工艺流程

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  粉煤灰基硅钙保温材料的制备流程

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  粉煤灰新先酸后碱法制备白炭黑的工艺流程

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  粉煤灰提硅产物制备分子筛的工艺流程

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  粉煤灰提硅产物用于纸张及橡胶填料

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  粉煤灰基多孔硅酸钙微观形貌[33]

    Figure 9. 

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    表 1  粉煤灰的化学成分/%

    Table 1.  Chemical composition of fly ash

    SiO2Al2O3CaOMgOFe2O3K2ONa2OSO3
    33~6515~400.8~170.6~291.5~190.6~2.90.2~4.20~6
    50.6282.81.27.11.31.20.8
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出版历程
收稿日期:  2021-05-21
修回日期:  2021-07-02
刊出日期:  2022-08-25

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