内蒙古中部乌拉山地区泥质片麻岩矿物学特征及其变质演化

许亚鑫; 戴朝成; 陈佩嘉; 刘涛涛; 王琦; 王新亮

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6532.2023.01.004

内蒙古中部乌拉山地区泥质片麻岩矿物学特征及其变质演化

1.
东华理工大学地球科学学院，江西　南昌　330013

2.
内蒙古地质矿产勘查院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010000

基金项目: 国土资源部大兴安岭成矿带南段地质矿产调查项目（1212011120718）；国家青年科学基金项目（41402085）

详细信息

作者简介: 许亚鑫（1997-），女，硕士研究生，地质学专业，主要从事岩石学方面研究

通讯作者: 戴朝成（1980-），男，博士，副教授，主要从事地质学方面研究

中图分类号: TD98

收稿日期: 2021-06-26

刊出日期: 2023-02-25

Mineral Characteristics and Metamorphic Evolution of Pelitic Gneiss in Wulashan Area, Central Inner Mongolia

1.
School of Earth Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China

2.
Geology and Mineral Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia , Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Dai Chaocheng, daichaocheng@qq.com

Received Date: 26 June 2021

Publish Date: 25 February 2023

摘要

摘要:
乌拉山新太古代泥质片麻岩出露于内蒙古中部乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组中，是乌拉山岩组中分布最广的深成变质岩，主要岩性为黑云石榴二长片麻岩。本文通过详细的岩石学观察，对典型变质矿物进行系统矿物化学分析，研究其变质演化特征及构造意义。结果表明：乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组中泥质片麻岩经历了四个变质演化阶段，并通过变质矿物温压计反演限定其变质条件：早期进变质阶段（M₁），其矿物组合特征为核部石榴子石+黑云母+斜长石+石英±夕线石；峰期变质阶段（M₂）的矿物组合特征为石榴子石+夕线石+黑云母+斜长石+石英+钾长石，该阶段的温压条件为T=771~870℃，p=7.5~11.2 Kb；峰后近等温减压阶段（M₃）以石榴子石边部大量出现堇青石的冠状结构为特征，其矿物组合为石榴子石+堇青石+黑云母+斜长石+石英±夕线石，该阶段的温压条件为T=750~800℃，p=6.1~7.0 Kb；晚期降温阶段（M₄）的矿物组合特征为石榴子石+黑云母+斜长石+石英+磁铁矿±钾长石，该阶段的温压条件为T=650~659℃，p=4.3~4.8 Kb，泥质片麻岩的变质演化P-T轨迹具有近等温降压的顺时针型式，表明乌拉山地区新太古代晚期乌拉山岩群曾经历了地壳俯冲加厚随后折返隆升的动力学过程。
- 内蒙古 /
- 乌拉山岩群 /
- 泥质片麻岩 /
- P-T轨迹 /
- 变质反应
Abstract:
Wulashan Neoarchean peliticgneiss is exposed in the eclogite gneiss formation of Wulashan group in central Inner Mongolia. It is the most widely distributed plutonic metamorphic rock in Wulashan formation. The main lithology is biotite garnet monzonite gneiss. Through detailed petrological observation, this paper makes a systematic mineral chemical analysis of typical metamorphic minerals, and studies their metamorphic evolution characteristics and tectonic significance. The results show that the pelitic gneiss in the eclogite gneiss formation of Wulashan group has experienced four metamorphic evolution stages, and its metamorphic conditions are limited by metamorphic mineral thermobarometer inversion: early progressive metamorphic stage (M₁), its mineral assemblage is characterized by core garnet + biotite + plagioclase + quartz ± sillimanite; The mineral assemblage of the peak metamorphic stage (M₂) is characterized by garnet + sillimanite + biotite + plagioclase + quartz + potassium feldspar. The temperature and pressure conditions of this stage are T= 771~870℃, p = 7.5~11.2 Kb; The post peak near isothermal decompression stage (M₃) is characterized by the coronal structure of cordierite at the edge of garnet. Its mineral assemblage is garnet + cordierite + biotite + plagioclase + quartz ± sillimanite. The temperature and pressure conditions of this stage are T= 750~800℃, p = 6.1~7.0 Kb; The mineral assemblage in the late cooling stage (M₄) is characterized by garnet + biotite + plagioclase + quartz + magnetite ± K-feldspar. The temperature and pressure conditions in this stage are T= 650~659℃, p= 4.3~4.8 Kb. The metamorphic evolution P-T track of argillaceous gneiss has a clockwise pattern of nearly isothermal depressurization. It shows that the Wulashan group in the late Neoarchean in Wulashan area experienced the dynamic process of crustal subduction and thickening followed by exhumation and uplift.
- Inner Mongolia /
- Wulashan rock group /
- Pelitic gneiss /
- P-T path /
- Metamorphic reaction

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图 1 乌拉山地区在华北克拉通的分布和构造位置图（a，b）和乌拉山地区地质简图及采样位置（c）

Figure 1.

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图 2 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组各变质阶段的显微构造照片

Figure 2.

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图 3 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组中石榴子石的Gro-Alm+Spe-Pyr

Figure 3.

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图 4 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组中黑云母的（Al^Ⅵ+Fe³⁺+Ti）-（Fe²⁺+Mn）-Mg（据Foster，1960）图中正方形代表与石榴子石、堇青石接触的黑云母，圆圈代表基质中粗大的黑云母

Figure 4.

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图 5 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组中斜长石的Or-Ab-An

Figure 5.

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图 6 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组变质演化P-T轨迹

Figure 6.

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表 1 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组中石榴子石的化学成分/%

Table 1. Chemical composition of garnet in Garnet-biotite gneiss association of Wulashan rock group

样品号	P0122					P0702B1			D3753			D3730
点位	GC	GC	GR(Bt)	GR(Pl)	GR(Q)	GC	GC	GR	GR(Bt)	GC	GC	GR(Crd)	GR(Bt)	GR(Pl)	GC
SiO₂	38.11	37.43	37.38	37.22	37.87	38.19	37.32	37.09	37.38	37.93	38.20	38.16	37.49	38.03	38.13
TiO₂	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.02	0.07	0.02	0.08
Al₂O₃	22.32	20.90	21.27	21.17	21.12	20.71	21.21	20.54	20.25	20.81	21.06	21.42	21.33	21.42	21.46
Cr₂O₃	0.20	0.12	0.17	0.22	0.19	0.13	0.15	0.11	0.06	0.10	0.06	0.01	0.10	0.09	0.02
FeO^T	29.98	30.54	31.28	30.97	30.71	30.08	32.30	31.51	32.51	29.05	29.21	30.89	31.33	30.74	30.28
MnO	0.52	0.50	0.48	0.57	0.42	0.64	0.60	0.83	0.57	0.52	0.55	0.46	0.45	0.50	0.51
MgO	8.04	7.35	7.27	7.60	8.19	7.98	7.49	7.19	7.29	8.56	8.61	7.53	7.10	7.41	7.84
CaO	1.17	1.12	1.21	1.26	1.25	0.89	0.97	0.90	1.12	1.16	1.16	1.14	1.21	1.90	1.35
Na₂O	0.14	0.17	0.01	0.10	0.08	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.07
K₂O	0.07	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.04	0.00
Total	100.54	98.18	99.10	99.21	99.84	98.70	100.04	98.19	99.25	98.19	98.87	99.71	99.13	100.22	99.74
以12个氧原子为标准计算的阳离子系数
Si	2.955	2.984	2.966	2.952	2.974	2.982	3.021	2.948	2.984	3.004	3.004	2.995	2.973	2.977	2.986
Ti	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.004	0.001	0.005
Al	2.036	1.907	1.986	1.977	1.951	1.942	1.928	1.971	1.901	1.939	1.948	1.978	1.970	1.973	1.977
Cr	0.012	0.007	0.011	0.014	0.012	0.007	0.008	0.009	0.004	0.006	0.004	0.001	0.006	0.006	0.001
Fe³⁺	0.104	0.137	0.106	0.180	0.151	0.133	0.048	0.186	0.205	0.077	0.067	0.059	0.086	0.118	0.074
Fe²⁺	1.826	1.860	1.953	1.852	1.852	1.966	1.931	1.923	1.939	1.834	1.841	1.956	1.977	1.877	1.896
Mn	0.034	0.033	0.032	0.038	0.028	0.056	0.043	0.040	0.038	0.035	0.037	0.031	0.030	0.033	0.034
Mg	0.935	0.902	0.865	0.905	0.953	0.867	0.947	0.887	0.872	1.017	1.015	0.887	0.836	0.870	0.921
Ca	0.097	0.093	0.103	0.107	0.105	0.078	0.075	0.082	0.096	0.098	0.098	0.096	0.102	0.159	0.113
Na	0.020	0.025	0.002	0.016	0.012	0.000	0.008	0.000	0.008	0.008	0.004	0.009	0.008	0.011	0.011
K	0.007	0.004	0.001	0.003	0.000	0.002	0.003	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.004	0.000
X_Mg	0.339	0.326	0.307	0.328	0.340	0.329	0.316	0.306	0.310	0.357	0.355	0.312	0.297	0.317	0.327
Alm	63.12	64.42	66.13	63.80	63.04	64.44	65.58	66.26	65.83	61.48	61.56	65.89	67.14	63.86	63.96
Pyr	32.32	31.22	29.30	31.17	32.43	31.61	30.24	29.22	29.62	34.08	33.93	29.86	28.39	29.60	31.08
Spe	1.19	1.13	1.09	1.33	0.95	1.43	1.37	1.89	1.30	1.16	1.23	1.03	1.01	1.13	1.14
Gro	3.37	3.23	3.48	3.70	3.58	2.52	2.80	2.62	3.25	3.29	3.28	3.23	3.46	5.42	3.82
注：FeO^T=Fe₂O₃+FeO；X_Mg=（Mg/（Fe+Mg²⁺））. GC石榴子石核部，GR(Bt)与黑云母接触的石榴子石边部，GR(Pl) 与斜长石接触的石榴子石边部，GR(Crd) 与堇青石接触的石榴子石边部，GR(Q)与石英接触的石榴子石边部

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表 2 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组中黑云母和堇青石化学成分 /%

Table 2. Chemical composition of garnet and cordierite in Garnet-biotite gneiss association of Wulashan rock group

样品号	P0122				P0702		D3753		D3730			D3730
矿物	Bt											Crd
点位	B(Grt)	B(GrtR)	B(GrtR)	B(GrtR)	B(GrtR)	B(GrtC)	Bt(M)	Bt(M)	B(GrtR)	B(Crd)	B(GrtC)	C(Grt)	C(Grt)	Crd(M)
SiO₂	35.98	35.85	36.17	36.37	35.84	36.15	35.82	35.21	36.43	35.41	36.34	48.06	48.04	48.26
TiO₂	5.38	4.46	5.13	4.51	4.16	4.53	4.02	4.07	4.06	4.62	4.16	0.00	0.00	0.00
Al₂O₃	16.14	16.49	15.25	17.14	18.33	17.33	17.07	16.89	18.45	17.54	16.82	33.21	33.54	33.77
Cr₂O₃	0.09	0.21	0.35	0.13	0.27	0.30	0.05	0.05	0.19	0.17	0.11	0.00	0.00	0.00
FeO^T	14.35	14.09	12.38	13.57	13.09	13.43	17.25	16.81	13.26	13.97	13.56	6.46	6.04	5.86
MnO	0.10	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.08	0.05	0.10	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.05
MgO	13.77	13.99	15.68	14.05	14.34	13.64	12.08	12.42	13.62	14.25	14.56	8.82	9.13	9.25
CaO	0.17	0.17	0.13	0.09	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.01	0.02
Na₂O	0.19	0.36	0.45	0.06	0.01	0.09	0.16	0.14	0.16	0.34	0.17	0.12	0.04	0.04
K₂O	9.13	9.33	9.66	8.44	9.07	9.67	9.46	9.59	8.74	9.52	9.41	0.01	0.01	0.02
Total	95.28	94.99	95.26	94.42	95.19	95.22	95.98	95.25	94.99	95.96	95.23	96.74	96.85	97.27
氧离子数	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	18	18	18
Si	2.683	2.683	2.689	2.705	2.648	2.686	2.688	2.665	2.689	2.624	2.698	4.985	4.967	4.968
Ti	0.304	0.250	0.286	0.252	0.231	0.251	0.228	0.231	0.225	0.257	0.232	0.000	0.000	0.000
Al	1.431	1.452	1.333	1.500	1.593	1.506	1.516	1.504	1.602	1.529	1.469	4.053	4.080	4.083
Cr	0.005	0.012	0.021	0.008	0.016	0.018	0.003	0.003	0.011	0.010	0.006	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fe³⁺	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.012
Fe²⁺	0.920	0.900	0.783	0.875	0.832	0.857	1.149	1.084	0.847	0.882	0.862	0.556	0.520	0.490
Mn	0.007	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.004	0.002	0.005	0.003	0.006	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.004
Mg	1.556	1.571	1.749	1.568	1.589	1.512	1.266	1.409	1.508	1.584	1.622	1.372	1.416	1.441
Ca	0.014	0.013	0.010	0.007	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.004	0.003	0.001	0.002
Na	0.028	0.052	0.064	0.009	0.001	0.013	0.024	0.021	0.023	0.049	0.024	0.024	0.008	0.008
K	0.878	0.891	0.917	0.801	0.856	0.912	0.912	0.926	0.824	0.901	0.892	0.001	0.001	0.003
XMg	0.628	0.636	0.691	0.642	0.656	0.638	0.551	0.565	0.640	0.642	0.653	0.711	0.731	0.742
AlⅥ	0.317	0.317	0.311	0.295	0.352	0.314	0.295	0.335	0.311	0.376	0.302
注：FeO^T=Fe₂O₃+FeO；X_Mg=（Mg/（Fe+Mg²⁺））; B（Grt）B（Crd）与石榴子石接触的黑云母，B（M）基质中的黑云母；C（Grt）与石榴子石接触的堇青石，Crd（M）基质中的堇青石。

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表 3 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组中长石化学成分 /%

Table 3. Chemical composition of feldspar in Garnet-biotite gneiss association of Wulashan rock group

样品号	P0122			P0702			D3753				D3730
点位	Pl(Grt)	Pl(M)	Pl(Grt)	Pth(Kfs)	Pth(Pl)	Pth(Kfs)	Pl(Bt)	Pl(Grt)	Pl(Grt)	Pl(M)	Pl(Grt)	Pl(Grt)	Pl(M)
SiO₂	63.48	61.98	62.81	63.96	59.62	63.38	59.19	61.05	60.81	58.89	59.45	61.37	63.41
TiO₂	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00
Al₂O₃	20.90	23.77	21.35	20.46	23.97	20.21	24.27	23.99	23.96	24.93	24.06	23.12	21.11
Cr₂O₃	0.02	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.04	0.16	0.04	0.05	0.04
FeO^T	0.16	0.15	0.08	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.39	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.21	0.03	0.11
MnO	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.00
MgO	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01
CaO	5.94	5.43	5.86	0.00	6.31	0.12	4.84	6.08	5.85	6.9	6.34	6.88	6.13
Na₂O	8.48	8.16	8.27	1.17	7.42	1.31	9.32	8.31	8.25	8.58	8.05	7.51	8.34
K₂O	0.25	0.16	0.14	14.51	0.17	15.11	0.32	0.24	0.17	0.29	0.24	0.26	0.29
Total	99.24	99.74	98.55	100.16	97.53	100.15	98.37	99.69	99.11	99.82	98.43	99.25	99.44
以8个氧原子为标准计算的阳离子系数
Si	2.841	2.755	2.827	2.933	2.716	2.922	2.690	2.726	2.728	2.648	2.697	2.751	2.833
Ti	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000
Al^Ⅵ	0.159	0.245	0.173	0.067	0.284	0.078	0.310	0.274	0.272	0.352	0.303	0.249	0.167
Al^Ⅳ	0.942	1.007	0.957	1.036	1.000	1.019	0.988	0.986	0.992	0.966	0.981	0.970	0.943
Cr	0.001	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.006	0.001	0.002	0.001
Fe³⁺	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fe²⁺	0.006	0.005	0.003	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.014	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.008	0.001	0.004
Mn	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000
Mg	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Ca	0.285	0.260	0.283	0.000	0.308	0.006	0.236	0.291	0.281	0.332	0.308	0.330	0.293
Na	0.735	0.707	0.720	0.104	0.654	0.117	0.820	0.718	0.716	0.747	0.707	0.652	0.721
K	0.014	0.009	0.008	0.849	0.010	0.889	0.019	0.014	0.010	0.017	0.014	0.015	0.017
SUM	4.983	4.993	4.972	4.992	4.974	5.032	5.079	5.010	5.002	5.071	5.021	4.972	4.980
Ab	71.06	72.40	71.22	10.88	67.29	11.55	76.35	70.22	71.12	68.14	68.70	65.36	69.94
An	27.57	26.67	27.96	0.00	31.69	0.57	21.92	28.44	27.92	30.34	29.95	33.15	28.46
Or	1.37	0.92	0.82	89.12	1.02	87.87	1.73	1.34	0.97	1.52	1.35	1.49	1.60
注：FeO^T=Fe₂O₃+FeO，Pl(Grt)与石榴子石接触的斜长石，Pl(Bt)与黑云母接触的斜长石，Pl(M)基质中的斜长石，Pth(Pl)，Pth(Kfs)条纹长石中的斜长石

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表 4 乌拉山岩群榴云片麻岩岩组样品的温度和压力计算结果

Table 4. Geothermobarometry calculation of Garnet-biotite gneiss association of Wulashan rock group

阶段	样品号	温度计	T/℃	参考文献	压力计	P/Kb	参考文献
M₁	P0122	Grt-Bt 4~5 Kb	642~649	Perchuk & Lavrent'eva, 83
			637~645	Perchuk et. al., 85
			647~650	Lavrent'eva & Perchuk, 81
			638~641	Holdaway & Lee, 77
M₂	D3753	Grt-Bt 8~9 Kb	771~779	Perchuk & Lavrent'eva, 83		7.5~9.3	Newton & Haselton, 81
			835~845	Perchuk et. al., 85	Grt-Pl-Sil-Q	9.4~11.2	Koziol, 89
			822~826	Lavrent'eva & Perchuk, 81	750~850℃	8.3~10.0	Koziol & Newton 88
			865~870	Holdaway & Lee, 77
M₃	D3730	Grt-Crd 4~7 Kb	726~736	Holdaway & Lee, 77		6.1~6.9	Perchuck et. al., 85
			759~769	Bhattacharya et. al., 88	Grt-Crd-Sil-Q	7.0~6.8	Holdaway & Lee, 77
			732~744	Perchuck et. al., 85	600~800℃	6.4~6.5	Wells, 79
			759~771	Thompson, 76
M₄	D3730	Grt-Bt 4~5 Kb	656~663	Perchuk & Lavrent'eva, 83		4.3~4.8	Hoisch, 90
			650~659	Perchuk et. al., 85	Grt-Bt-Pl-Q
			661~664	Lavrent'eva & Perchuk, 81	600~650℃
			654~658	Holdaway & Lee, 77

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