Current Situation of Vanadium Resources and New Process Progress of Vanadium Extraction from the Stone Coal Vanadium Ore
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摘要:
钒的主要赋存矿物有钒钛磁铁矿、石煤钒矿和钒铅矿等。目前石煤钒矿的提钒工艺主要是钠化焙烧-水浸和钙化焙烧-酸浸。钠化焙烧-水浸工艺的提钒率较低，且在焙烧过程中产生大量有毒有害气体，污染环境。钙化焙烧-酸浸工艺的过程中虽然没有产生废气，但酸浸溶液中杂质很多，影响了钒产品的质量。基于石煤钒矿提钒的必要性，介绍了石煤钒矿提钒的新技术，如：二氧化锰氧化浸出石煤钒矿，石煤钒矿焙烧浸出综合利用，石煤钒矿硫酸低温熟化-柱浸提钒，助浸剂强化浸出石煤钒矿，石煤钒矿清洁焙烧提钒新工艺。讨论了新工艺的优缺点，并提出了石煤钒矿提钒的一些建议。
Abstract:The main occurrence minerals of vanadium include vanadium titanomagnetite, stone coal vanadium and vanadium lead ores. At present, the vanadium extraction processes of stone coal vanadium ore are mainly sodium roasting-water leaching and calcification roasting-acid leaching. The vanadium extraction rate of sodium roasting-water leaching process is low, and a large number of toxic and harmful gases are produced in the roasting process, which pollutes the environment. Although no waste gas is produced in the process of calcification roasting-acid leaching, there are many impurities in the acid leaching solution, which affects the quality of vanadium products. Based on the necessity of extracting vanadium from the stone coal vanadium ore, the latest technologies of extracting vanadium from stone coal vanadium ore are introduced, such as manganese dioxide oxidation leaching of stone coal vanadium ore, roasting leaching and comprehensive utilization of the stone coal vanadium ore, extraction of vanadium from the stone coal vanadium ore by sulfuric acid low temperature curing and column leaching, enhanced leaching of the stone coal vanadium ore by additive, new technology of vanadium extraction from stone coal vanadium ore by clean roasting. The advantages and disadvantages of the new process are discussed, and some suggestions for extracting vanadium from the stone coal vanadium ore are put forward to.
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Key words:
- Vanadium resources /
- Stone coal vanadium ore /
- Vanadium extraction /
- Leaching rate
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表 1 全球钒资源的矿山储量和产量
Table 1. Mine reserves and production of global vanadium resources
矿山产量/t 矿山储量/kt 2020年 2021年 美国 17 - 45 澳大利亚 - - 6 000 巴西 6 620 6 700 120 中国 70 000 73 000 9 500 俄罗斯 19 500 19 000 5 000 南非 8 580 9 100 3 500 总计 105 000 110 000 24 000 注：数据来源于美国地质调查局（USGS）。 
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表 2 石煤钒矿的主要化学成分/%
Table 2. Main chemical components of the stone coal vanadium ore
V2O5 Al2O3 SiO2 C CaO MgO K2O Fe2O3 Na2O P2O5 TiO2 SO2 0.95 8.28 60.23 13.42 4.67 2.15 1.56 6.62 0.87 0.45 0.55 0.25
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