A review on geostationary earth orbit microwave atmospheric sounding technology
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摘要: 极轨卫星的微波大气探测系统可以探测云雨大气,但其较长时间的探测周期在相当程度上限制了其在中小尺度灾害性天气监测中的应用.静止卫星虽然可以实现高时间分辨率的监测,但由于缺少微波载荷无法获取云雨大气的内部信息.综合极轨卫星的微波大气探测和静止卫星的高时效大气探测的优势,发展静止轨道微波大气探测技术,实现对地球大气的全天候、全天时观测,对改进灾害性天气的预报、预测能力意义重大.通过介绍静止轨道微波大气探测(geostationary earth orbit microwave atmospheric sounding,GEOMAS)技术的国内外研究现状,阐述了GEOMAS技术所面临的困难和挑战,分析了真实孔径天线体制和干涉式合成孔径天线体制的优劣,并对GEO-MAS的技术发展前景进行展望.
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关键词:
- 静止轨道 /
- 微波大气探测 /
- 干涉式合成孔径天线体制 /
- 真实孔径天线体制
Abstract: The cloudy and raining atmosphere can be detected by the microwave atmospheric sounding system in polar orbit meteorology satellites, but its long sounding cycle is a great limit for small and medium scale of severe weather (SMSSW) monitoring. Although SMSSW can be detected by geostationary earth orbit satellites (GEOS) with high temporal resolution, internal atmospheric parameters cannot be acquired because of the lack of microwave sounder on GEOS. Working in concert, microwave atmospheric sounding and GEOS at high-temporal resolution together comprise the geostationary earth orbit microwave atmospheric sounding ( GEOMAS) system. Developing GEOMAS technology is of great significance for improving SMSSW forecast in all-weather and all-time sounding. In this paper, the research status on GEOMAS was described, the difficulties and challenges of GEOMAS were recounted, the advantages and disadvantages of synthetic aperture antenna system ( SAAS ) and real aperture antenna system ( RAAS) were analyzed and the prospects for GEOMAS development were discussed. -
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