An analysis of impacts from water impoundment in Three Gorges Dam Project on surface water in Chongqing area base on Google Earth Engine
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摘要: 研究三峡工程对周边生态环境的影响对维护生态安全具有重要意义。目前,相关研究已经揭示了三峡大坝的建设与蓄水在气象、植被、土地利用以及灾害发生等方面的影响,而地表水作为地球水资源的重要组成部分,受三峡工程的影响程度还不清楚,尤其是在长江上游。本研究利用多源数据在GEE(Google Earth Engine)平台上分析了重庆地区1990—2019年间常年地表水、植被以及气象要素在三峡蓄水前期(1990—2002年)、中期(2003—2012年)和后期(2013—2019年)3个阶段的时空变化情况。结果表明: ①地表水和植被在1990—2019年都表现出增长的趋势,且其不同的增长模式都表现出对三峡蓄水明显的响应,而温度和降雨表现出持续的波动,对蓄水过程无明显响应; ②常年地表水面积在蓄水过程中以18.32 km2/a的速度增加,而在蓄水前后变化不大,新增的常年地表水主要分布在长江及其支流沿岸,且集中在长江重庆段的中部,少数的地表水面积增加出现在湖泊和水库,如长寿湖在蓄水期间增加了超过其面积20%的水域; ③归一化植被指数在3个阶段表现为台阶式增长(共增长18.55%),这一变化为地表水资源增加和生态修复工程的共同作用。本研究表明三峡蓄水对重庆地区水资源的时空动态有着较为显著的影响,同时发现了水利工程改变地表覆盖及水资源分布的有效证据,这为重庆地区乃至整个长江流域的水资源管理提供了科学依据。
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关键词:
- 三峡蓄水 /
- 常年地表水 /
- Google Earth Engine /
- 长时间序列数据 /
- 多源数据
Abstract: It is significant for maintaining ecological security to study the impacts of the Three Gorges Dam Project on the surrounding ecological environment. At present, massive studies have revealed the impacts from the construction and water impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam on meteorology, vegetation, land use, and the occurrence of disasters. However, the impacts of the project on surface water-an important part of the Earth’s water resources-are still unclear, especially in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Based on multi-source data and the Google Earth Engine platform, this study analyzes the changes in permanent surface water, vegetation, and meteorological factors in the Chongqing area before (1990—2002), during (2003—2012) and after (2013—2019) the water impoundment of Three Gorges Dam Project. The results show: ① Both surface water and vegetation in the study area showed an increasing trend during 1990—2019 with different growth patterns and notably response to the water impoundment. In contrast, the temperature and precipitation continuously fluctuated but did not significantly respond to the water impoundment process during that period. ② The area of the permanent surface water in the study area increased at an annual rate of 18.32 km2 during the water impoundment but did not greatly change before and after the water impoundment. The newly added permanent surface water was mainly distributed along the Yangtze River and its tributaries, especially in the middle part of the Chongqing section of the Yangtze River. Besides, a minority of it was distributed in some lakes and reservoirs. For example, the area of the Changshou lake increased by more than 20% during the water impoundment. ③ The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) increased by 18.55% in a stepwise way before, during, and after the water impoundment, which is attributable to joint effects of the increase in surface water and the restoration projects of degraded ecosystem. This study indicates that the water impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam Project has notable impacts on the spatial-temporal dynamics of the water resources in the Chongqing area. Meanwhile, it reveals effective evidence that the water conservancy projects can change the coverage and water resource distribution on the ground surface. All these will provide scientific basis for water resource management in the Chongqing area and even the whole Yangtze River Basin. -
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