Excretion Rate and Accumulating Rate of p, p'-DDE in Beijing Resident during Consecutive Lactation
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摘要:
母乳中p，p’-DDE浓度是监测母体短期内p，p’-DDE的“静态”蓄积水平，估算婴幼儿每日摄入量的重要技术手段。本文旨在通过监测北京女性两个相邻哺乳期内母乳中p，p’-DDE浓度及变化，估算两次分娩间隔期母体内p，p’-DDE的“动态”富集速度，并根据每日摄入量掌握人体p，p’-DDE的长期变化趋势。在2009年至2019年期间，收集了43名女性首次分娩后六个月内和18名女性第二次分娩后六个月内的母乳样本，并采用气相色谱法检测了母乳中p，p’-DDE的浓度。实验结果表明，母乳中p，p’-DDE浓度在哺乳期持续下降。年龄和分娩次数是母乳中p，p’-DDE浓度的影响因素，p，p’-DDE浓度随母亲年龄增大而升高，随分娩次数增多而降低。18名母亲两个哺乳期内母乳中p，p’-DDE平均排泄速度计算结果表明，排泄速度从18.9μg/kg lipid/month降低到16.8μg/kg lipids/month。而母体两次分娩隔期内p，p’-DDE年富集速度估算值为正，分布在10.9~14.9μg/kg lipids/year之间，每日摄入量分布在29.8~40.8ng/day/kg.b.w.之间。因此北京女性哺乳期母体内p，p’-DDE月排泄速度与母体年富集速度数值相当，母体p，p’-DDE每日摄入量远低于世界卫生组织（WHO）建议值，北京女性是低风险暴露人群。
Abstract:BACKGROUND Monitoring of p, p'-DDE in breast milk was a significant way to evaluate the p, p'-DDE accumulation level in human beings within a short-term and calculate daily intake for infants. Although the investigation of classic organic chlorine pesticides in Beijing breast milk showed that p, p'-DDE was detected with the highest residue level. The study on the accumulating rate of p, p'-DDE, indicated a dynamic and long-term change, in Beijing females this was neglected and scarce.
OBJECTIVES To detect p, p'-DDE in breast milks from two consecutive lactations, estimate the excreted speed during each lactation along with the impact of delivery times on residue level of p, p'-DDE in mothers, and estimate its annual accumulating rate in Beijing residents.
METHODS During 2009-2019, breast milk samples were collected from 43 mothers during their first lactation and 18 of them during their two consecutive lactations. The concentration of p, p'-DDE in breast milk was determined by gas chromatography.
RESULTS The analytical results showed that the p, p'-DDE in breast milk decreased continuously during each lactation. Age and the number of childbirths were the influencing factors of the concentration of p, p'-DDE in breast milk. The concentration of p, p'-DDE increased with the age of mothers and decreased with the number of childbirths. In addition, the average excretion speed of p, p'-DDE in breast milk from 18 twice-birth mothers decreased from 18.9μg/kg lipids per month within the first lactation to 16.8μg/kg lipids per month within the second lactation. The estimated value of the annual enrichment rate of p, p'-DDE in the interval between two births of the mother was positive, from 10.9μg/kg lipids per year to 14.9μg/kg lipid per year during the consecutive deliveries. Daily intake of p, p'-DDE was from 29.8ng/day/kg.b.w. to 40.8ng/day/kg.b.w..
CONCLUSIONS The depurated dose of p, p'-DDE in mothers within a month of lactation was equal to the accumulating dose in a year. The estimated daily intake of p, p'-DDE was far lower than the suggested value of WHO. The Beijing female was in a low exposure risk environment.
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Key words:
- p, p'-DDE /
- breast milk /
- gas chromatography /
- excretion rate /
- accumulating rate /
- Beijing female
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表 1 志愿者及样品信息
Table 1. Information of donors and samples
志愿者数(人) 分娩次数 样品编号 样品数量 年龄范围(岁) 43 1 F1，F6 86 26~31 18 2 F1, F6, S1，S6 72 32~36 
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表 2 p, p’-DDE的排泄速度和富集速度
Table 2. Excretion speed and accumulating speed of p, p'-DDE
参数a 单位 取所有值计算 去极值计算 取P25~P75b区间值计算 F1 μg/kg lipids 429.0 374.3 297.1 F6 μg/kg lipids 337.2 279.7 227.8 Vec μg/kg lipids/month 18.3 18.9 13.9 F10 μg/kg lipids 263.9 204.1 172.3 S1 μg/kg lipids 352.7 293.5 238.0 S6 μg/kg lipids 293.5 209.4 152.3 Ved μg/kg lipids/month 16.0 16.8 17.1 Va μg/kg lipids/year 14.8 14.9 10.9 EDI ng/kg/day b.w. 40.5 40.8 29.8 注：a表示模拟计算值；b表示取值范围在最小四分位数和较大四分位数之间；c和d分别表示第一和第二个哺乳期内p, p’-DDE的平均排泄速度的估算值。
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