Origin of multiple flat tables on Caiwei Guyots in West Pacific
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摘要:
基于“海洋六号”实测的全覆盖多波束数据，分析了西太平洋麦哲伦海山链采薇平顶海山群的多级山顶平台地形特征，并结合2015年最新采集的浅剖数据探讨了多级山顶平台成因。多波束数据显示海山群的山顶平台水深为1350~1735m，发育多级山顶平台，平台高差为300~450m。浅剖资料表明海山群山顶平台的沉积物厚度为35~100m。除掉沉积物的厚度差，多级山顶平台的基底依然存在200m以上的高差，说明沉积物厚度的不均一并非是形成多级山顶平台的主要原因。通过对比海山群多级山顶平台地形特征与南海甘泉海台及永暑礁多级水下阶地特征，否定了海平面相对变化是形成海山群多级山顶平台的主要原因。山顶平台周缘发育的碳酸盐岩表明海山曾经位于浅水环境，不同山顶平台的基底应该曾经均位于同一海平面位置，多级山顶平台很可能由垂直相对运动产生。结合区域地质背景和地形特征，认为海山群发育两条西北向正断裂，其中一条断裂倾向东北，另一条断裂倾向西南。
Abstract:Multi-beam bathymetric data suggests a special topographic feature on the Caiwei Guyots in the West Pacific. The sub-bottom profile data obtained in 2015 by R/V "HAI YANG LIU HAO" suggests that there are several flat tables developed on the top of guyots at the water depths ranging 1350-1735m. The difference in water depth between the flat tables is around 300-450m. Sub-bottom profile suggests that the sediment on the top of guyots is 35-100m thick. Taking the sediment thickness out of consideration, the water depth difference between flat table basements still exceeds 200m, which means that the difference of sediment thickness is not the main reason causing the multi-tables. Through comparison of topographic features among the Caiwei Guyots, Ganquan terrace and Yongshu Reef in the South China Sea, it is discovered that the relative sea-level change is not the main reason to cause the multi-tables either. Carbonate deposits are found in the fringes of the tables, which indicates that the guyots were close to the sea level when the flat top was formed. It is then deduced that the multi-tables are probably generated by vertical tectonic movement within the region of Caiwei Guyots. According to topographic features and local geological background, there are probably two northwest normal faults in the Caiwei Guyots, which caused vertical tectonic movement and the formation of multi-tables. One of the faults dips to northeast and the other to southwest.
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Key words:
- flat tables /
- multi-beam bathymetric data /
- sub-bottom profile /
- Caiwei Guyots
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表 1 采薇平顶海山群的地形和浅剖特征统计
Table 1. Topographic features and sediment thickness of Caiwei Guyots
名称 水深/m 地形高差/m 面积/km2 坡度/(°) 最大沉积物
厚度/m沉积物
厚度差/m采薇主山顶平台 1350 0 1940 < 0.3 100 0 采薇次山顶平台 1735 385 60 1.5 37 63 采杞山顶平台 1800 450 153 - 40 60 备注：地形高差和沉积物厚度差指与采薇主山顶平台相比较的结果. 
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