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构造活动对海底峡谷地貌形态的影响

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赵家斌, 钟广法. 构造活动对海底峡谷地貌形态的影响[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2018, 34(12): 1-13. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2018.12001
引用本文: 赵家斌, 钟广法. 构造活动对海底峡谷地貌形态的影响[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2018, 34(12): 1-13. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2018.12001
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ZHAO Jiabin, ZHONG Guangfa. A REVIEW ON GEOMORPHIC RESPONSE OF SUBMARINE CANYONS TO TECTONIC DEFORMATION[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2018, 34(12): 1-13. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2018.12001
Citation: ZHAO Jiabin, ZHONG Guangfa. A REVIEW ON GEOMORPHIC RESPONSE OF SUBMARINE CANYONS TO TECTONIC DEFORMATION[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2018, 34(12): 1-13. doi: 10.16028/j.1009-2722.2018.12001
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构造活动对海底峡谷地貌形态的影响

  • 同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室，上海 200092

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金(91528304，41676029)
详细信息
    作者简介: 赵家斌(1993-)，男，硕士，主要从事地震数据解释方面的研究工作.E-mail:carlosdom@163.com
    通讯作者: 钟广法(1964-)，男，博士，教授，博导，主要从事地震、测井解释和沉积学方面的研究工作.E-mail：gfz@tongji.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P736

A REVIEW ON GEOMORPHIC RESPONSE OF SUBMARINE CANYONS TO TECTONIC DEFORMATION

  • Tongji University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Shanghai 200092, China

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    摘要

  • 海底峡谷是大陆边缘最重要的地貌形态之一，是沉积物和陆源有机质向深海搬运的主要通道，在深海重力流沉积、全球碳循环、生物多样性、油气-水合物资源勘探及海底工程设施安全运营等方面的研究中具有重要意义。大量研究发现，海底峡谷常发育于构造活动较强烈的地区，其形成和演化与构造变形之间存在密切的关联。在文献调研基础上，着重就构造活动对海底峡谷地貌的控制作用进行综述。总结了5种与构造变形有关的海底峡谷平面分布端元模式，分别为限制型、转向型、偏转型、阻挡型及横向切穿型海底峡谷。分析了局部坡度变化对峡谷内部地貌特征的影响：构造变形引起的局部地形坡度增大会导致海底峡谷内部侵蚀作用的加剧与裂点的形成；局部地形坡度减小容易引起天然堤和决口扇的形成；坡度的变化还会引起峡谷弯曲度的动态响应。

    The submarine canyon is one of the most important morphological features on the continental margin, which acts as major conduits for transporting organic matters and sediments from the continent and continental shelves into the deep sea. They are significant for the researches of deep-water gravity flows, global carbon circulation, deep-sea biodiversity, petroleum and gas hydrate exploration and submarine engineering etc. Submarine canyons commonly occur on continental margins influenced by tectonic deformation. This paper presents a brief review on the geomorphic responses of submarine canyons to tectonic deformation. Five end members in terms of planar distribution of submarine canyons related to tectonic deformation are summarized, i.e. tectonically confined, diverted, deflected, blocked, and cutting-across submarine canyons, respectively. The interaction between submarine canyons and variations in longitudinal gradient induced by structural deformation is also analyzed. Increase in slope gradient may cause enhanced erosion of the gravity flows and the development of knickpoints within the canyons, whereas levees and frontal splays tend to occur as slope gradient decreases. Channel sinuosity is the dynamic response to the changes in slope gradient.

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  • 图 1  与构造变形有关的海底峡谷平面分布的端元类型

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  东地中海Levant地区的构造限制型海底峡谷(据文献[27])

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  均方根振幅切片揭示的构造转向型海底峡谷(据文献[35])

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  构造偏转型海底峡谷(据文献[35])

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  构造阻挡型海底峡谷(据文献[35])

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  横向切穿型海底峡谷(据文献[35])

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  陆坡微型盆地“充填—溢出”沉积模式

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  构造变形引起的海底峡谷纵向坡度变化对峡谷内部地貌形态的影响(据文献[25])

    Figure 8. 

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收稿日期:  2018-09-19
刊出日期:  2018-12-28

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