A study of mineralogy and mineral chemistry of ore-bearing pegmatites in the Daqianggou lithium-beryllium deposit, western Sichuan
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摘要:
打枪沟伟晶岩型锂铍矿床是九龙地区典型的中型锂铍矿床，是松潘-甘孜锂成矿带的重要组成部分。该矿床含矿伟晶岩主要为钠长石伟晶岩和钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩，主要矿石矿物为锂辉石和绿柱石。在翔实的野外地质调查的基础上，选取打枪沟锂铍矿床典型矿脉（ⅠLi，Be和ⅡBe矿脉）开展岩相学、矿物学和矿物化学研究，以揭示其矿物生成顺序和成矿阶段。电子探针分析结果显示，含锂矿物主要为锂辉石，矿物中Li2O含量为7.94%~8.29%，平均为8.12%；云母类矿物为白云母和锂-多硅白云母，白云母中Li2O含量为0.08%~0.35%，平均为0.21%，Rb2O含量为0.13%~0.35%，平均为0.24%，锂-多硅白云母中Li2O含量为1.11%~1.43%，平均为1.28%，Rb2O含量为0.79%~0.94%，平均为0.87%；电气石为铁电气石-锂电气石系列，Li2O含量为0.48%~0.85%，平均为0.64%。在详细的矿物显微特征研究并结合电子探针分析的基础上，分析认为伟晶岩中稀有金属矿物由绿柱石→绿柱石+锂辉石→锂辉石→锂辉石+锂-多硅白云母转变，云母由白云母向锂-多硅白云母转变，电气石由铁电气石向锂电气石过渡，长石矿物由微斜长石+钠长石→钠长石→交代钠长石转变，石英由原生石英→后期热液石英变化。综合分析认为，打枪沟锂铍矿床经历了多阶段的演化过程，主要划分为结晶分异阶段、交代阶段、热液阶段，其中锂铍等稀有金属矿物的形成主要发生在结晶分异阶段和交代阶段。
Abstract:The Daqianggou pegmatite type lithium-beryllium deposit is a typical medium-sized lithium-beryllium deposit in Jiulong area.Its geotectonic location is located in the Yajiang residual basin on the southern margin of the Songpan-Garze fold belt, and the deposit is an important part of the Songpan-Garze lithium metallogenic belt.The main types of ore-bearing pegmatites in the Daqianggou deposit can be divided into albite type and albite-spodumene type, and the main ore minerals are spodumene and beryl.In this paper, based on the field geological survey work, the authors chose typical veins (ⅠLi, Be and ⅡBe) in the Daqianggou lithium beryllium deposit to conduct studies of facieology, mineralogy and mineral chemistry in order to reveal the sequence order of mineral formation and ore-forming stages.The results of electron microprobe analysis show that the lithium-containing mineral is mainly spodumene.The content of Li2O in spodumene is 7.94%~8.29%, averaging 8.12%.Mica minerals are muscovite and lithium-rich phengite.The content of Li2O in muscovite is 0.08%~0.35%, averaging 0.21%, and the content of Rb2O is 0.13%~0.35%, averaging 0.24%.The Li2O content in lithium-rich phengite is 1.11%~1.43%, averaging 1.28%, and the Rb2O content is 0.79%~0.94%, averaging 0.87%.Tourmaline belongs to an iron tourmaline-lithium tourmaline series, with Li2O content of 0.48%~0.85%, averaging 0.64%.Based on the detailed study of the microscopic characteristics of minerals combined with electron microprobe analysis, the authors hold that the rare metal mineral changes in pegmatite are in order of beryl → beryl + spodumene → spodumene → spodumene + lithium-rich phengite, mica changes from muscovite to lithium-rich phengite, tourmaline transition from iron tourmaline to lithium tourmaline, feldspar mineral is composed of micro-plagioclase + albite → albite → metasodium albite, and quartz changes from primary quartz to late hydrothermal quartz.Finally, a comprehensive analysis suggests that the metallogenic stages of the Daqianggou lithium-beryllium deposit underwent a multi-stage evolution process, which could be mainly divided into crystallization stage, metasomatic stage and hydrothermal stage.The formation of rare metal minerals such as lithium and beryllium minerals mainly occurred in the crystallization stage and metasomatic stage.
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Key words:
- mineral chemistry /
- lithium-beryllium deposit /
- pegmatite /
- Daqianggou /
- Jiulong /
- Sichuan Province
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表 1 打枪沟矿床ⅠLi，Be矿体锂辉石主量成分
Table 1. Major elements of spodumene fromⅠLi, Be orebody in the Daqianggou deposit
% 成分 DQG106-3 DQG106-3 DQG106-3 DQG106-2 DQG106-2 DQG106-2 DQG106-2 DQG106-1 DQG106-1 SiO2 65.82 66.88 66.07 65.62 65.75 64.73 65.79 66.55 65.72 TiO2 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 Al2O3 27.82 28.33 27.43 27.43 27.79 27.25 27.77 28.41 28.13 TFeO 0.16 0.11 0.17 0.12 0.05 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.14 MnO 0.26 0.08 0.26 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.16 0.14 MgO 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 CaO 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.03 0.01 0.00 Na2O 0.13 0.05 0.19 0.14 0.13 0.19 0.15 0.11 0.12 K2O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.00 P2O5 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 V2O3 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.01 Cr2O3 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 BaO 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 总计 94.35 95.52 94.26 93.43 93.94 92.93 94.06 95.45 94.29 Li2O* 8.12 8.29 8.12 8.09 8.11 7.94 8.11 8.21 8.11 基于6个氧原子计算 Si 1.9964 1.9983 2.0052 2.0048 1.9997 2.0002 1.9999 1.9932 1.9919 Ti 0.0000 0.0000 0.0007 0.0005 0.0010 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 Al 0.9946 0.9977 0.9811 0.9876 0.9962 0.9923 0.9949 1.0030 1.0050 Fe 0.0041 0.0028 0.0044 0.0032 0.0014 0.0037 0.0023 0.0031 0.0034 Mn 0.0067 0.0020 0.0067 0.0020 0.0029 0.0037 0.0029 0.0041 0.0037 Mg 0.0004 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0002 0.0065 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Ca 0.0001 0.0008 0.0000 0.0006 0.0001 0.0039 0.0011 0.0002 0.0000 Na 0.0079 0.0029 0.0114 0.0084 0.0078 0.0114 0.0085 0.0065 0.0070 K 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0022 0.0004 0.0005 0.0000 P 0.0013 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0006 Li 0.9902 0.9963 0.9912 0.9941 0.9919 0.9865 0.9910 0.9896 0.9889 Ni 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0006 0.0000 V 0.0006 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0010 0.0008 0.0010 0.0000 0.0001 Cr 0.0000 0.0000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0032 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 Ba 0.0007 0.0005 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 注：Li2O*为计算值；TFeO为全铁含量 
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表 2 打枪沟矿床伟晶岩脉代表性云母主量成分
Table 2. Major elements of representative mica from pegmatite in the Daqianggou deposit
% 成分 钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩(DQG107) 钠长石伟晶岩(DZK380907) 锂-多硅白云母 锂-多硅白云母 锂-多硅白云母 白云母 白云母 白云母 白云母 白云母 白云母 锂-多硅白云母 SiO2 46.69 47.19 47.19 46.25 46.38 45.56 46.23 46.18 46.45 50.00 TiO2 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 Al2O3 25.22 25.56 25.78 34.16 35.50 36.33 35.97 37.31 35.29 24.30 TFeO 5.01 4.81 4.62 2.25 1.65 1.37 0.16 0.11 0.14 1.26 MnO 2.00 1.86 1.88 0.63 0.52 0.47 0.36 0.22 0.41 3.02 MgO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 CaO 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na2O 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.27 0.27 0.58 0.52 0.55 0.55 0.22 K2O 10.35 10.44 10.30 10.60 10.37 10.47 10.49 10.44 10.56 10.49 P2O5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.00 Cr2O3 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 Rb2O 0.85 0.79 0.89 0.35 0.20 0.13 0.30 0.26 0.21 0.94 BaO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 NiO 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.05 V2O3 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 Li2O* 1.24 1.11 1.33 0.35 0.15 0.08 0.28 0.22 0.17 1.43 总计 91.65 92.03 92.38 95.02 95.17 95.18 94.46 95.40 93.78 91.75 基于22个氧原子 Si 6.69 6.71 6.68 6.23 6.19 6.09 6.18 6.10 6.25 7.02 AlⅣ 1.31 1.29 1.32 1.77 1.81 1.91 1.82 1.90 1.75 0.98 AlⅥ 2.95 3.00 2.98 3.65 3.78 3.82 3.85 3.91 3.85 3.04 Ti 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fe 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.15 Mn 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.36 Mg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Li* 0.71 0.64 0.76 0.19 0.08 0.04 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.81 Na 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.06 K 1.89 1.89 1.86 1.82 1.77 1.79 1.79 1.76 1.81 1.88 Rb 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.08 注：Li2O*为计算值；TFeO为全铁含量
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表 3 打枪沟矿床伟晶岩脉代表性电气石主量成分
Table 3. Major elements of representative tourmaline from pegmatite in the Daqianggou deposit
% 成分 电气石-钠长石伟晶岩(DZK104) 1(边) 2(边) 3(幔) 4(幔) 5(幔) 6(核) 7(核) 8(核) 9(幔) 10(幔) 11(边) SiO2 35.78 36.08 33.75 35.73 36.13 35.41 35.96 35.64 36.01 35.87 35.68 TiO2 0.13 0.08 0.18 0.03 0.15 0.21 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.03 0.11 Al2O3 34.16 34.30 32.70 34.98 34.95 35.60 34.93 35.80 35.03 34.74 34.82 TFeO 10.96 11.10 10.73 11.45 10.93 10.06 10.88 9.84 11.27 11.14 10.90 MnO 0.72 0.80 0.75 0.81 0.82 0.88 0.67 0.88 0.75 0.80 0.84 MgO 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.14 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.08 CaO 0.12 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.16 0.07 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.04 Na2O 2.15 2.14 1.94 1.86 2.11 2.33 2.23 2.27 2.02 2.10 2.04 K2O 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08 P2O5 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 F 0.32 0.08 0.47 0.84 1.22 0.93 0.37 0.63 1.03 0.58 0.83 Li2O* 0.70 0.69 0.85 0.48 0.64 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.56 0.60 0.59 B2O3* 10.25 10.31 9.91 10.35 10.40 10.36 10.36 10.38 10.40 10.33 10.32 H2O* 3.28 3.34 3.14 3.00 2.84 2.96 3.21 3.10 2.93 3.11 2.99 O=-F 0.13 0.03 0.20 0.35 0.51 0.39 0.16 0.26 0.43 0.24 0.35 总计 98.75 99.15 96.36 99.36 99.87 99.28 99.51 99.25 99.88 99.29 99.11 基于31个氧原子计算 B 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 T位 Si 6.06 6.08 5.92 6.00 6.03 5.94 6.03 5.97 6.02 6.03 6.01 Al 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 Z位 Al 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 Fe 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Y位 Al 0.82 0.82 0.67 0.92 0.88 0.98 0.90 1.03 0.90 0.89 0.91 Ti 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 Fe 1.55 1.57 1.57 1.61 1.53 1.41 1.53 1.38 1.57 1.57 1.54 Mn 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.12 Mg 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 Li* 0.48 0.47 0.60 0.32 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.38 0.40 0.40 ΣY 2.52 2.53 2.40 2.68 2.57 2.56 2.57 2.57 2.62 2.60 2.60 X位 Ca 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Na 0.71 0.70 0.66 0.60 0.68 0.76 0.73 0.74 0.65 0.69 0.67 K 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 空位 0.26 0.28 0.31 0.38 0.30 0.21 0.25 0.25 0.34 0.30 0.31 W位 F 0.17 0.04 0.26 0.44 0.64 0.49 0.20 0.33 0.54 0.31 0.44 OH 3.83 3.96 3.74 3.56 3.36 3.51 3.80 3.67 3.46 3.69 3.56 注：TFeO为全铁含量；Li2O*、B2O3*、H2O*为计算值
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表 4 打枪沟矿床伟晶岩脉代表性碱性长石主量成分
Table 4. Major elements of representative alkali feldspar from pegmatite in the Daqianggou deposit
% 成分 DQG106(Ⅳ) DQG107(Ⅳ) DZK-104(Ⅲ) DZK-109(Ⅲ) Ab Ab Ab Ab Ab Ab Ab Mc Mc Mc SiO2 68.72 67.8 69.23 68.81 68.56 68.56 68.37 65.27 65.01 64.89 TiO2 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.06 Al2O3 19.87 19.0 20.12 19.42 19.69 19.69 19.59 18.42 18.38 18.24 TFeO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.04 MgO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 CaO 0.12 0.15 0.10 0.02 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 Na2O 10.75 11.97 12.02 12.24 11.90 11.90 12.03 0.25 0.27 0.25 K2O 0.03 0.02 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.20 16.37 16.64 16.17 P2O5 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.10 0.04 0.12 Cr2O3 0.01 0.03 0.11 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 NiO 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 V2O3 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 BaO 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.02 总计 99.56 99.60 101.89 100.73 100.59 100.59 100.52 100.54 100.42 99.79 基于8个氧原子计算 Si 3.00 2.98 2.98 2.99 2.99 2.99 2.99 3.00 3.00 3.01 Al 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 Ca 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na 0.91 1.02 1.00 1.03 1.01 1.01 1.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 K 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.96 0.98 0.96 Ba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 An 0.60 0.69 0.47 0.09 0.41 0.41 0.17 0.00 0.09 0.00 Ab 99.23 99.23 98.95 99.31 98.95 98.95 98.73 2.28 2.38 2.25 Or 0.16 0.09 0.58 0.61 0.65 0.65 1.10 97.72 97.53 97.75 注：TFeO为全铁含量；Ab为钠长石；Mc微斜长石；Ⅲ为钠长石伟晶岩；Ⅳ为钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩
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表 5 打枪沟锂铍矿床矿物生成顺序
Table 5. Sequence order of mineral formation in the Daqianggou lithium-beryllium deposit
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