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藏东纽多石墨矿床含矿花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

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周新, 樊炳良, 余佳树, 易金龙, 冯德新. 藏东纽多石墨矿床含矿花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征[J]. 地质通报, 2020, 39(10): 1518-1526.
引用本文: 周新, 樊炳良, 余佳树, 易金龙, 冯德新. 藏东纽多石墨矿床含矿花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征[J]. 地质通报, 2020, 39(10): 1518-1526.
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ZHOU Xin, FAN Bingliang, YU Jiashu, YI Jinlong, FENG Dexin. The zircon U-Pb age and geochemical characteristics of ore-bearing granite in the Niuduo graphite deposit eastern Tibet[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2020, 39(10): 1518-1526.
Citation: ZHOU Xin, FAN Bingliang, YU Jiashu, YI Jinlong, FENG Dexin. The zircon U-Pb age and geochemical characteristics of ore-bearing granite in the Niuduo graphite deposit eastern Tibet[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2020, 39(10): 1518-1526.
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藏东纽多石墨矿床含矿花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

  • 西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局地热地质大队, 西藏 拉萨 850000

  • 基金项目:
    西藏自治区自然资源厅项目《西藏自治区察雅县纽多石墨矿普查（续作）》（编号：藏矿勘[2017]10）
详细信息
    作者简介: 周新(1984-)，男，工程师，从事固体矿产勘查、区域地质调查工作。E-mail：442879707 @qq.com
    通讯作者: 樊炳良(1988-)，男，工程师，从事固体矿产勘查、区域地质调查工作。E-mail：373705243@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P588.12+1;P597+.3;P619.25+2

The zircon U-Pb age and geochemical characteristics of ore-bearing granite in the Niuduo graphite deposit eastern Tibet

  • Geothermal Geological Survey Party, Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Lhasa 850000, Tibet, China

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    摘要

  • 藏东察雅—左贡地区可能存在一条晶质石墨矿带，从北向南已发现纽多、地果、青果3处石墨矿床，找矿潜力巨大。以矿区基本地质特征为基础，对含矿岩体花岗岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb同位素进行研究，结果表明含矿花岗岩具有富钾、过铝、钙碱性S型花岗岩的特征；稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾斜的轻稀土元素富集型，轻、重稀土元素分馏明显，具有明显的负Eu异常，微量元素特征显示亏损Nb、Ba、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素，尤其亏损Ti，相对富集Rb、K、U等大离子亲石元素；样品锆石具有明显的振荡环带和较高的Th/U值（普遍大于0.4），属于典型的岩浆成因锆石，用LA-ICP-MS技术测得锆石206Pb/238U年龄为258.1±1.9 Ma（95%置信度，MSWD=3.5，n=35），表明岩体形成时代为晚二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明，纽多花岗岩来源于陆壳杂砂岩的部分熔融，且成岩温度较高，可能是碰撞造山导致地壳加厚增温重熔形成的。

    There may be a crystalline graphite ore belt from Chaya to Zuogong in eastern Tibet, which has great potential for prospecting.Three graphite orebodies were discovered from north to south, i.e., Niuduo, Diguo and Qingguo.The latest geological survey shows that the Niuduo graphite deposit is expected to reach the scale of large-scale deposits, but the theoretical research work remains very insufficient.In this paper, based on the basic geological characteristics of the mining area, the authors studied the petrology, petrogeochemistry and zircon U-Pb chronology of the ore-bearing rock mass.The results show that the ore-bearing granite has the characteristics of K-rich, peraluminium, calc-alkaline S-type granite, and the REE distribution curve is right-inclined LREE enrichment type, with obvious LREE fractionation and obvious negative Eu anomaly.Trace element characteristics show that high field strength elements such as Nb, Ba, Sr, P and Ti are deficient, especially Ti, while large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, K and U are relatively enriched.Zircons in the samples have obvious oscillatory zones with high Th/U ratios(generally higher than 0.4), suggesting typical magmatic zircons.The 206Pb/238U age of zircons determined by LA-ICP-MS is 258.1+1.9 Ma, MSWD=3.5(n=35), and the age of zircons is Late Permian.Geochemistry shows that the Niuduo granite originated from partial melting of continental crustal complex sandstone, and the diagenetic temperature was relatively high.It may have been formed by collisional orogeny resulting in crustal thickening, warming and remelting.

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  • 图 1  纽多石墨矿区域构造位置

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  纽多石墨矿区地质图

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  纽多石墨矿区样品野外(a、b)及显微(c、d)照片

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  纽多细粒花岗岩SiO2-K2O(a)[9-10]和A/CNK-A/NK图解(b)[11]

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  纽多细粒花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)[12]

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  纽多细粒花岗岩样品(nd-B1)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及206Pb/238U年龄

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  纽多细粒花岗岩(nd-B1)锆石U-Pb谐和图

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  纽多细粒花岗岩ACF成因类型判别图解(a)和Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba图解(b)

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  纽多细粒花岗岩R1-R2(a)和(Y+Nb)-Rb(b)构造判别图解

    Figure 9. 

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    表 1  纽多细粒花岗岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果

    Table 1.  Whole-rock major elements, trace elements and REE data from the fine-grained granite of Niuduo

    样品号 nd/B1 nd/B2 nd/B3 nd/B4 nd/B5 nd/B6
    SiO2 74.31 61.05 66.13 57.35 58.83 77.63
    TiO2 0.22 0.63 0.46 0.89 0.68 0.18
    Al2O3 12.82 13.99 14.27 14.20 14.73 12.61
    TFe2O3 0.69 5.68 3.49 3.81 3.28 0.44
    MnO 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.01
    MgO 0.14 0.68 0.37 0.76 0.75 0.08
    CaO 0.72 0.92 0.70 1.03 0.98 0.61
    Na2O 3.05 3.43 2.64 3.00 3.00 3.06
    K2O 4.89 3.50 4.43 2.36 2.52 3.90
    P2O5 0.03 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.03
    烧失量 3.05 9.20 7.09 16.05 15.16 1.66
    总计 99.92 99.24 99.72 99.63 100.06 100.21
    A/NK 1.24 1.48 1.56 1.89 1.92 1.36
    A/CNK 1.11 1.29 1.41 1.57 1.6 1.23
    R1 2797 2174 2573 2563 2607 3209
    R2 346 451 403 511 508 321
    Li 5.34 19.8 18.7 36.9 30.2 6.41
    Be 4.08 2.30 3.60 2.69 3.01 3.78
    Sc 3.49 9.66 8.36 11.3 11.1 2.07
    V 12.7 54.1 37.3 83.0 82.1 7.03
    Cr 4.38 21.1 12.2 34.4 34.2 3.81
    Co 0.52 2.01 1.61 3.85 2.11 0.48
    Ni 1.32 6.17 5.99 10.4 5.92 2.63
    Cu 5.48 5.60 7.10 23.6 21.3 6.69
    Zn 11.8 222 38.0 80.7 48.0 12.0
    Ga 23.2 26.4 25.1 21.6 23.1 20.6
    Rb 166 104 161 114 106 128
    Sr 104 133 151 114 109 146
    Y 61.4 69.2 61.6 34.1 35.4 31.7
    Zr 230 204 234 215 191 344
    Nb 29.6 42.9 25.9 26.0 22.9 21.3
    Sn 2.43 4.88 4.94 4.30 5.32 3.59
    Cs 3.51 2.62 6.21 7.79 6.53 3.42
    Ba 268 269 356 246 226 324
    La 80.6 58.4 63.7 41.5 37.9 53.1
    Ce 160 101 111 81.8 76.3 98.5
    Pr 17.6 12.4 12.6 9.73 8.93 11.0
    Nd
    Sm1    		 60.4
    11.6    		 44.6
    9.05    		 44.3
    8.82    		 36.2
    7.17    		 33.3
    7.03    		 38.0
    6.84
    Eu
    Gd    		 0.73
    9.55    		 1.08
    8.81    		 1.20
    8.13    		 1.30
    6.35    		 1.24
    5.83    		 0.90
    5.52
    Tb 1.79 1.76 1.50 1.04 1.01 0.90
    Dy 10.4 11.0 9.87 6.24 6.32 5.51
    Ho 2.04 2.19 1.98 1.20 1.18 1.04
    Er 5.97 6.64 5.99 3.54 3.52 3.14
    Tm 0.91 1.04 0.92 0.52 0.55 0.50
    Yb 5.75 6.48 6.16 3.69 3.63 3.74
    Lu 0.89 0.95 0.88 0.53 0.53 0.56
    Hf 6.90 6.05 7.00 6.04 5.30 9.75
    Ta 2.16 3.14 2.35 1.67 1.69 1.54
    Tl 0.83 0.55 0.79 0.65 0.56 0.64
    Pb 42.9 20.4 22.7 7.51 10.0 26.0
    Th 33.8 21.9 27.9 16.3 17.3 27.0
    U 4.96 2.53 4.42 2.87 2.12 7.48
    ΣREE 367 265 277 201 187 229
    LREE 331 226 242 178 165 208
    HREE 37.32 38.92 35.45 23.11 22.55 20.90
    LREE/HREE 8.88 5.81 6.82 7.69 7.31 9.97
    LaN/YbN 10.06 6.46 7.41 8.07 7.51 10.18
    δEu 0.21 0.37 0.43 0.59 0.59 0.45
    δCe 1.04 0.92 0.97 1.00 1.02 1.00
      注：A/NK=Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O)(mol)；A/CNK=Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O)(mol)；R1=4Si-11(Na+K)-2(Fe+Ti)；R2=6Ca+2Mg+Al；主量元素含量单位为%, 微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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    表 2  纽多细粒花岗岩(nd-B1)LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb分析结果

    Table 2.  LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb analytical data from the fine-grained granite of Niuduo(nd-B1 sample)

    测点
    号    		 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma
    Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ
    01 84 822 1808 0.45 0.0473 0.0019 0.2680 0.0104 0.0410 0.0004 61.2 105.5 241 8.3 259 2.8
    02 23 259 465 0.56 0.0477 0.0030 0.2718 0.0169 0.0415 0.0006 87.1 140.7 244 13.5 262 3.6
    03 64 801 1289 0.62 0.0500 0.0019 0.2947 0.0111 0.0423 0.0005 195 87.0 262 8.7 267 3.2
    04 43 393 950 0.41 0.0519 0.0022 0.2995 0.0124 0.0416 0.0005 280 93.5 266 9.7 263 3.1
    05 41 380 885 0.43 0.0535 0.0022 0.3058 0.0120 0.0411 0.0005 350 92.6 271 9.4 260 2.9
    06 17 199 349 0.57 0.0515 0.0030 0.2946 0.0163 0.0417 0.0007 261 135.2 262 12.8 264 4.1
    07 37 369 784 0.47 0.0496 0.0020 0.2885 0.0116 0.0417 0.0005 176 128.7 257 9.1 264 3.3
    08 14 176 292 0.60 0.0497 0.0030 0.2889 0.0160 0.0422 0.0006 189 143.5 258 12.6 266 3.7
    09 38 462 806 0.57 0.0486 0.0020 0.2831 0.0117 0.0420 0.0005 128 100.0 253 9.2 265 3.3
    10 39 587 762 0.77 0.0501 0.0020 0.2900 0.0113 0.0417 0.0005 198 99.1 259 8.9 264 3.0
    13 56 752 1158 0.65 0.0565 0.0021 0.3176 0.0116 0.0404 0.0005 472 83.3 280 8.9 255 2.8
    14 38 378 806 0.47 0.0508 0.0021 0.2920 0.0115 0.0414 0.0005 235 62.0 260 9.0 261 3.2
    15 89 1654 1681 0.98 0.0525 0.0017 0.2979 0.0095 0.0408 0.0004 306 78.7 265 7.4 258 2.7
    16 45 517 971 0.53 0.0500 0.0018 0.2758 0.0095 0.0397 0.0004 195 83.3 247 7.6 251 2.3
    17 66 758 1341 0.57 0.0499 0.0017 0.2913 0.0101 0.0420 0.0005 191 112.0 260 7.9 265 3.1
    18 56 513 1225 0.42 0.0525 0.0019 0.2877 0.0102 0.0395 0.0004 309 78.7 257 8.0 250 2.7
    19 49 563 1017 0.55 0.0531 0.0021 0.2943 0.0112 0.0400 0.0004 345 95.4 262 8.8 253 2.7
    20 20 194 423 0.46 0.0490 0.0026 0.2802 0.0148 0.0412 0.0005 150 156.5 251 11.7 260 3.3
    21 51 509 1035 0.49 0.0520 0.0019 0.3052 0.0111 0.0420 0.0005 287 78.7 270 8.7 266 2.9
    22 65 786 1367 0.58 0.0502 0.0019 0.2816 0.0107 0.0401 0.0004 206 88.9 252 8.5 254 2.7
    23 104 1419 2208 0.64 0.0502 0.0018 0.2788 0.0099 0.0397 0.0004 206 83.3 250 7.9 251 2.6
    24 39 452 812 0.56 0.0492 0.0022 0.2886 0.0128 0.0418 0.0005 167 103.7 257 10.1 264 3.2
    25 63 760 1353 0.56 0.0522 0.0022 0.2933 0.0118 0.0402 0.0005 300 94.4 261 9.3 254 2.9
    26 40 364 862 0.42 0.0504 0.0023 0.2944 0.0134 0.0416 0.0005 213 105.5 262 10.5 263 3.0
    27 32 299 679 0.44 0.0516 0.0023 0.3011 0.0128 0.0419 0.0005 333 101.8 267 10.0 265 3.0
    28 49 577 1023 0.56 0.0518 0.0022 0.2928 0.0120 0.0406 0.0004 276 96.3 261 9.4 257 2.6
    29 26 231 549 0.42 0.0520 0.0026 0.3031 0.0148 0.0421 0.0006 283 112.9 269 11.5 266 3.6
    30 71 1004 1413 0.71 0.0545 0.0023 0.3107 0.0131 0.0410 0.0004 391 91.7 275 10.1 259 2.7
    31 31 319 686 0.47 0.0525 0.0025 0.2927 0.0140 0.0399 0.0005 309 107.4 261 11.0 252 3.2
    32 48 570 864 0.66 0.0556 0.0024 0.3205 0.0131 0.0416 0.0005 435 91.7 282 10.0 263 2.9
    34 102 1456 2112 0.69 0.0515 0.0017 0.2858 0.0094 0.0396 0.0004 265 77.8 255 7.4 250 2.5
    35 88 1377 1776 0.78 0.0518 0.0019 0.2907 0.0101 0.0401 0.0005 276 88.0 259 7.9 253 3.2
    36 37 346 800 0.43 0.0509 0.0024 0.2866 0.0134 0.0402 0.0005 235 111.1 256 10.6 254 3.0
    37 43 401 913 0.44 0.0503 0.0023 0.2856 0.0127 0.0404 0.0005 206 105.5 255 10.0 255 3.1
    38 71 836 1487 0.56 0.0500 0.0020 0.2813 0.0107 0.0400 0.0005 195 92.6 252 8.5 253 2.9
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收稿日期:  2019-04-28
修回日期:  2020-06-11
刊出日期:  2020-10-15

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