S-Pb isotope characteristics and prospecting model of the Nagengkangqieer silver deposit in the eastern segment of East Kunlun Mountain
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摘要:
那更康切尔银矿是东昆仑造山带的大型热液脉型独立银矿床，有望达到超大型规模。以矿区地质特征为研究基础，开展硫化物硫-铅同位素、二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩铅同位素研究，探讨成矿物质来源及两类岩体与成矿的关系。矿区硫化物样品（黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿）的δ34S值介于-6.1‰~3.9‰之间，主体δ34S值介于-4‰~2.1‰之间，数值集中，指示成矿物质硫源具有深源岩浆硫的特征。矿石铅同位素组成中206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb的变化范围分别为18.28~18.62、15.6~15.73、38.38~39.1，矿石铅具有壳幔混合源的特点。矿区内二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为239±1 Ma，（206Pb/204Pb）i、（207Pb/204Pb）i、（208Pb/204Pb）i值分别为18.389~18.585、15.638~15.648、38.288~38.558；花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为252±1 Ma，（206Pb/204Pb）i、（207Pb/204Pb）i、（208Pb/204Pb）i值分别为18.348~18.447、15.625~15.629、38.394~38.412，铅同位素组成投图显示成矿与2类岩浆岩关系较弱，与区域上鄂拉山组火山岩呈较明显的线性相关。那更康切尔银矿与邻区哈日扎铅锌银矿床具有相似的成矿物质来源，硫源具有同一性，且矿石铅同位素组成表现出很明显的线性关系，表明2个矿床的成矿物质具有相近或相似的源区或演化过程。成矿地质条件、成矿物质来源及成矿流体特征均表明两者属中-低温热液脉型矿床。综合本文及前人对那更康切尔银矿床的研究，构建了成矿模式和找矿模型，为区域内同类型银矿床的找矿工作提供了指导作用。
Abstract:The Nagengkangqieer silver deposit is a large-sized hydrothermal vein-type independent deposit expected to become a superlarge silver deposit.Based on the study of geological characteristics of the mining area, the authors investigated the ore-forming material source and the relationship between the two types of magmatic rock and mineralization by studying the S-Pb isotopes of the ore sulfide and the Pb isotope of the monzonitic granite and granodiorite.The δ34S values of the sulfide samples(pyrite, galena and sphalerite)range from -6.1‰ to 3.9‰, mainly from -4‰ to 2.1‰.The concentrated values suggest that the ore-forming material(sulfur source)had the characteristics of deep source magma sulfur.The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb values of sulfides range from 18.28 to 18.62, 15.6 to 15.73 and 38.38 to 39.1, respectively.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the monzonitic granite in the mining area is 239±1 Ma, and the (206Pb/204Pb)i, (207Pb/204Pb)i, (208Pb/204Pb)i values of the monzonitic granite range from 18.389 to 18.585, 15.638 to 15.648 and 38.288 to 38.558, respectively.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of granodiorite is 252±1 Ma, and the (206Pb/204Pb)i, (207Pb/204Pb)i, (208Pb/204Pb)i values of the granodiorite range from 18.348 to 18.447, 15.625 to 15.629 and 38.394 to 38.412, respectively.The lead isotope composition plot shows that the ore-forming process had weak relationship with the two types of magmatic rocks, and it had obvious linear correlation with the volcanic rocks of the Erlashan Formation in this area.A comparative analysis of the neighboring Harzhaz lead-zinc-silver deposit which had similar sources of ore-forming materials shows that the sulfur source was identical, and the Pb isotopic composition of the ore exhibits a distinct linear relationship, indicating that the ore-forming materials of the two deposits had the similar source region or evolution process.The ore-forming geological conditions, ore-forming material sources and fluid characteristics of the two deposits indicate that the two deposits are both medium and low temperature hydrothermal vein deposits.On the basis of the research conducted by the authors and previous researchers, the metallogenic model and prospecting model were constructed to provide guidance in search for the same type of silver deposits in this area.
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Key words:
- S-Pb isotopes /
- East Kunlun orogenic belt /
- Nagengkangqieer /
- Harizha /
- metallogenic model /
- prospecting mode
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图 图版Ⅰ a.软锰矿化；b.褐铁矿化；c.黄铁矿化；d.硅化、绿泥石化；e.绿泥石化、绿帘石化；f.高岭土化；g.碳酸岩化；h.绿泥石化、弱绿帘石化；i.黄铁矿化。Py—黄铁矿；Cal—方解石；Chl—绿泥石；Epi—绿帘石
图 图版Ⅱ a.网脉状构造碎裂岩；b.金水口岩群中皱纹状矿石；c.石英脉中团块状、星点状硫化物；d.浸染状黄铁矿、毒砂；f.乳浊状、叶片状黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿沿闪锌矿两组解理定向分布；g.自然银交代方铅矿，辉铜矿交代方铅矿、闪锌矿呈尖角状交代结构；h.毒砂早于闪锌矿形成，辉铜矿和方铅矿沿闪锌矿裂隙充填交代；i.辉铜矿沿黄铜矿边缘交代呈镶边结构j.石墨穿插自形黄铁矿；k.银黝铜矿呈尖角状交代闪锌矿，与方铅矿呈共结边结构；l.闪锌矿沿着黄铁矿粒间充交代呈网状。Py—黄铁矿；Sph—闪锌矿；Gn—方铅矿；Slv—自然银；Ccp—黄铜矿；Cc—辉铜矿；Po—磁黄天矿；Apy—毒砂；Mrc—白铁矿；Td—银黝铜矿；Gr—石墨；Q—石英
表 1 那更康切尔银矿矿石矿物硫同位素组成
Table 1. Sulfur isotopic composition of ore sulfides from the Nagengkangqieer silver deposit
矿床 样号 测试对象 δ34SV-CDT/‰ 样号 测试对象 δ34SV-CDT/‰ 来源 那更康切尔 ZK1602-2 黄铁矿 -1.9 ZK0704-13-Gn 方铅矿 -2.4 本文 ZK1603-8 黄铁矿 3.9 ZK0704-14-Gn 方铅矿 -1.4 ZK0704-13-Py 黄铁矿 -1.2 KS1 方铅矿 -2.1 ZK0704-14-Py 黄铁矿 2.1 KS2 方铅矿 -4.0 KS3 黄铁矿 -1.7 - 黄铁矿(10件) -3.5~0.5 - 闪锌矿(3件) -2.4~-2.2 [6] - 方铅矿(3件) -6.1~-3.1 哈日扎 - 金属硫化物 -0.5~-3.8 [5] 索拉沟 - 金属硫化物 -3.9~4.4 [7] 什多龙 - 金属硫化物 4.6~6.7 [8] 
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表 2 那更康切尔银矿矿石矿物铅同位素组成
Table 2. Lead isotopic composition of ore sulfides from the Nagengkangqieer silver deposit
矿床 样品编号 样品 206Pb/204Pb 2σ 207Pb/204Pb 2σ 208Pb/204Pb 2σ △β △γ μ ω 那更康切尔 ZK1602-2 黄铁矿 18.313 0.003 15.631 0.002 38.497 0.006 20.56 39.39 9.54 37.59 ZK1603-8 黄铁矿 18.398 0.002 15.615 0.002 38.47 0.006 19.14 35.09 9.49 36.86 ZK0704-13-Py 黄铁矿 18.313 0.002 15.642 0.001 38.521 0.004 21.35 40.63 9.56 37.80 ZK0704-14-Py 黄铁矿 18.297 0.001 15.625 0.001 38.468 0.003 20.19 38.79 9.53 37.50 KS3 黄铁矿 18.340 0.002 15.663 0.002 38.599 0.006 22.75 43.00 9.60 38.17 ZK0704-13-Gn 方铅矿 18.287 0.003 15.609 0.002 38.412 0.006 19.09 36.74 9.49 37.17 ZK0704-14-Gn 方铅矿 18.31 0.002 15.638 0.002 38.509 0.005 21.07 40.18 9.55 37.73 KS1 方铅矿 18.322 0.002 15.657 0.002 38.573 0.007 22.38 42.55 9.59 38.11 KS2 方铅矿 18.302 0.002 15.629 0.002 38.477 0.005 20.46 39.09 9.53 37.55 矿床 样品编号 样品 206Pb/204Pb 2σ 207Pb/204Pb 2σ 208Pb/204Pb 2σ (206Pb/204Pb)i (207Pb/204Pb)i (208Pb/204Pb)i 那更康切尔 NG-1 二长花岗岩 18.790 0.003 15.656 0.002 39.321 0.006 18.426 15.638 38.402 NG-2 二长花岗岩 18.767 0.002 15.662 0.002 39.046 0.004 18.389 15.643 38.288 NG-3 二长花岗岩 18.719 0.002 15.655 0.002 39.344 0.005 18.585 15.648 38.558 NG-11 花岗闪长岩 18.605 0.002 15.642 0.002 39.277 0.005 18.348 15.629 38.407 NG-19 花岗闪长岩 18.605 0.002 15.642 0.002 39.277 0.005 18.401 15.628 38.394 NG-14 花岗闪长岩 18.550 0.002 15.636 0.002 38.994 0.004 18.447 15.625 38.412 注：锆石U-Pb年龄数据及配套的U、Th、Pb含量数据据参考文献②，其中二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩分别用239 Ma、252 Ma进行校正
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表 3 东昆仑东段印支晚期斑岩型矿床成岩成矿年龄数据
Table 3. Late Indosinian of magmatic and mineralization age for porphyry deposits in eastern segment of East Kunlun
矿床名称 类型 岩体 测试对象 测试方法 年龄/Ma 资料来源 热水钼多金属矿床 斑岩型 斑状二长花岗岩 锆石
辉钼矿LA-ICP-MS
Re-Os230.9±1.4
230.2±2.5[40]
[16]加当根铜钼矿床 斑岩型 花岗闪长斑岩 锆石
辉钼矿LA-ICP-MS
Re-Os227±1
227.2±1.9[39]
[41]哈龙休玛钼(钨)矿床 斑岩型 花岗闪长斑岩 锆石
辉钼矿LA-ICP-MS
Re-Os224.68±0.88
224±1.5[42] 赛什塘铜矿 矽卡岩型 斑状石英闪长岩 锆石
辉钼矿LA-ICP-MS
Re-Os222.6±2.4
224.5±1.8[43]
[44]
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① 四川省冶金地质勘查局水文工程大队.青海省都兰县那更康切尔沟银多金属矿普查2017年度工作报告.2017.
② 青海省有色第三地质勘查院.青海都兰沟里金矿整装勘查区矿产调查与找矿预测成果总报告.2018.
③ 中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院.青海省鄂拉山口地区多金属矿成矿规律与找矿预测成果报告.2018.
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