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探槽古地震事件识别标志及其定量化——以活动走滑断裂为例

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徐心悦, 袁兆德, 邵延秀, 刘静, 姚文倩, 李文巧, 韩龙飞. 探槽古地震事件识别标志及其定量化——以活动走滑断裂为例[J]. 地质通报, 2019, 38(6): 977-992.
引用本文: 徐心悦, 袁兆德, 邵延秀, 刘静, 姚文倩, 李文巧, 韩龙飞. 探槽古地震事件识别标志及其定量化——以活动走滑断裂为例[J]. 地质通报, 2019, 38(6): 977-992.
shu
XU Xinyue, YUAN Zhaode, SHAO Yanxiu, LIU Jing, YAO Wenqian, LI Wenqiao, HAN Longfei. Paleo-earthquake evidence and its quantitative evaluationin trenches:Exemplified by active strike-slip faults[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2019, 38(6): 977-992.
Citation: XU Xinyue, YUAN Zhaode, SHAO Yanxiu, LIU Jing, YAO Wenqian, LI Wenqiao, HAN Longfei. Paleo-earthquake evidence and its quantitative evaluationin trenches:Exemplified by active strike-slip faults[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2019, 38(6): 977-992.
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探槽古地震事件识别标志及其定量化——以活动走滑断裂为例

  • 1.

    中国地震局地质研究所, 北京 100029

  • 2.

    中国地震灾害防御中心, 北京 100029

  • 3.

    中国地震局兰州地震研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730000

  • 4.

    中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京 100036

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金项目《以阿尔金断裂中段为例，走滑断裂的几何构造结对断裂活动习性的控制作用》（批准号：U1839203）、国家自然科学基金青年基金项目《党河南山北缘断裂晚第四纪活动特征及其在区中的意义》（批准号：41802228）、地震动力学国家重点实验室自主课题《老虎山断裂蠕滑段及邻近断裂段的第四纪活动性与几何复杂度研究》（编号：LED2017A01）、中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务《阿尔金断裂乌尊硝尔段古地震序列与同震位移研究》（编号：IGCEA1814）
详细信息
    作者简介: 徐心悦(1993-), 女, 在读硕士生, 从事强震与地貌演化研究。E-mail:shirley-hsu@outlook.com
    通讯作者: 袁兆德(1986-), 男, 博士, 助理研究员, 从事古地震研究。E-mail:yzd19862922@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P542

Paleo-earthquake evidence and its quantitative evaluationin trenches:Exemplified by active strike-slip faults

  • 1.

    Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China

  • 2.

    China Earthquake Prevention Center, Beijing 100029, China

  • 3.

    Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

  • 4.

    Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 探槽古地震事件的识别取决于对沉积地层中封存的构造变形和沉积响应的解译。基于国内外88篇走滑断裂古地震研究论文，系统总结分析了古地震事件的多种识别标志，主要包括地层的垂向错断、断层向上逐渐尖灭、生长地层、裂缝充填、角度不整合、砂土液化、崩积楔、褶皱等。这些识别标志的质量和数量是判别古地震事件的关键。综合分析认为，地震成因识别标志与非构造成因及蠕滑产生的变形不同，而不同识别标志对地震层位的限定有证据强弱之分。在充分考虑地域和人为因素的影响下，根据识别标志的强弱，对探槽揭露事件的地层证据进行半定量化分析，这在实际工作中不仅可以最大限度地降低误判地震事件的可能性，排除非地震成因变形的影响，也能更客观地反映地震事件的可信度。

    Identification of paleo-earthquake events in trench depends on the interpretation of the structural deformations and associated sedimentary responses preserved in the sedimentary strata. Based on 88papers of paleoseismic studies of strike-slip fault published in China and abroad, the authors systematically summarized the empirical paleoseismic indicators, which includes vertical offset, upward termination of fault, growth strata, infilled fissures, angular unconformities, liquefactions, colluvial wedges and folds. The quality and frequency of these event indicators constitute the key to distinguishing paleoseismic events and event horizons. Ground deformation caused by non-structuralfactor and creepingis slightly different from eventindicators.In practice, the semiquantitative methodcan minimize the influence of non-seismic genetic deformations, reduce the risk of misestimating of paleoearthquake events, and give an objective event confidence level.

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  • 图 1  走滑型地震产生的各种地表破裂样式

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  走滑断裂古地震识别标志类型统计

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  走滑断裂古地震事件典型识别标志

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  阿尔金断裂铜矿探槽古地震事件识别标志等级划分[110]

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  铜矿探槽古地震事件识别标志定量化统计[110]

    Figure 5. 

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    表 1  走滑断裂探槽古地震识别标志统计

    Table 1.  Summary of the event indicators of strike-slip faults

    编号 断裂 断裂性质 探槽点 识别标志
    1[16，24-25.30-31] SAF 右旋 Wrightwood GS, UT, FIS, AU，VO
    2[22, 32-33] SAF 右旋 Pallett Creek LF, UT，VO，FIS，CW
    3[34-35] SAF 右旋 Carrizo Plain FIS，VO, AU
    4[36-38] HWF 右旋 Tyson's Lagoon CW, LF, UT, AU
    5[39] SAF 右旋 Pitman Canyon UT, FIS, FD，VO
    6[40] MCF 右旋 Thousand Palms Oasis FIS，VO, UT
    7[41] MCF 右旋 Coachella UT, FIS, LF，GS，CW
    8[42] SAF 右旋 Mill Canyon FIS，VO，CW
    9[43] SJF 右旋 Imperial Valley VO，FIS, LF，UT
    10[44] RCF 右旋 Rodgers Creek VO
    11[45] SAF 右旋 Frazier Mountain UT, LF，FIS
    12[46] SAF 右旋 Plunge Creek UT
    13[47] SAF 右旋 Grizzly flat UT，VO
    14[48-49] SAF 右旋 Northern Carrizo Plain VO，CW, FIS, UT
    15[50] SAF 右旋 Hazel Dell UT，VO，GS，FIS
    16[51] EF 右旋 Agua Tibia Mountain UT, FD
    17[52] SAF 右旋 Olema UT，FIS，CW
    18[53] SAF 右旋 Dogtown FIS，VO，UT
    19[54] SAF 右旋 Fort Ross CW
    20[20, 55] SAF 右旋 Frazier Mountain FISS, UT, GS，VO
    21[56] PVF 右旋 Panamint Valley FIS，VO，UT
    22[57-58] GF 左旋 EI Paso Peaks FIS, FD, UT，AU
    23[59] GF 左旋 Twin Lakes GS, UT，FIS，CW
    24[60] CF 右旋 Newberry Springs UT，GS，FIS
    25[19] SJF 右旋 Hog Lake FIS, FD, AU, GS, LF
    26[61] MVFZ 右旋 Sulphur Creek FIS，VO，UT
    27[62] MVFZ 右旋 Calpine FIS, UT，CW
    28[63] LLF 右旋 Lavic Lake VO, LF
    29[64] RF 左旋 Los Angeles CW, FIS, UT, AU，VO
    30[65] SAF 右旋 Mystic Lake UT, FIS, FD，AU，GS
    31[66] MLF 右旋 Mesquite Lake VO, FIS，GS, LF
    32[67] NAF 右旋 Alayurt UT，CW
    33[68] EAF 左旋 Lake Hazar FIS，VO，CW
    34[69] NAF 右旋 Gunalan UT, VO, FIS, LF, GS，CW
    35[70] NAF 右旋 Lake Ladik CW
    36[71] NAF 右旋 Elmacik CW
    37[72] NAF 右旋 Cukurcimen UT, FD, LF，GS，FIS
    38[3] NAF 右旋 Hisar River CW
    39[74] NAF 右旋 Demir Tepe UT, FIS, AU
    40[75] NAF 右旋 Yaylabeli UT, FIS, GS, LF
    41[76] NAF 右旋 Gizelkoy UT, AU，VO，CW
    42[77] NAF 右旋 Kaynasli and Mengencik UT, FIS, LF，VO，GS，CW
    43[78] NAF 右旋 Kavakkoy UT, FD, FIS，GS
    44[79] NAF 右旋 Kavakkoy，Ottoman，Kosekoy LF, FD，FIS，VO
    45[80] DSF 左旋 Jordan Valley FIS, UT, AU
    46[81] DSF 左旋 Zebadani Valley CW
    47[82] DSF 左旋 Yotvata UT, FIS
    48[83] DSF 左旋 Jordan Gorge UT，VO
    49[84] DSF 左旋 Jordan Gorge UT, GS, FIS, FD, AU
    50[85-86] DSF 左旋 Yammouneh UT，VO，CW，FIS
    51[87] AWF 右旋 Lake Jasper UT，CW
    52[14] AF 右旋 Haast UT, LF，CW
    53[88] HF 右旋 Greenburn Stream CW，VO, UT, LF, AU
    54[89] WF 右旋 Wairau UT
    55[90] ANF 右旋 Anar AU, FIS, LF, UT
    56[91] NBF 右旋 Nayband UT, AU，VO, FD, LF, FIS
    57[92] DF 右旋 Dead Mouse FD, UT, VO, FIS，AU，GS
    58[93] ZMHF 左旋 大箐梁子 CW, FIS，VO
    59[94] ZMHF 左旋 大箐梁子 UT，CW，FIS
    60[95] ZMHF 左旋 大箐梁子 CW, UT
    61[96] ANHF 左旋 沙沟村 CW, VO, LF
    62[97] HYF 右旋 干盐池 UT, GS, FIS，VO，AU
    63[98] HYF 右旋 干盐池 CW, FIS, GS, FD, UT, VO
    64[99] HYF 右旋 松山 FIS, GS, FD，CW，VO, UT
    65[100] HYF 右旋 高湾子 VO，FIS
    66[101] ATF 左旋 索尔库里 AU，VO, FIS, UT
    67[102] ATF 左旋 索尔库里 UT, FIS, AU，VO
    68[103-104] ATF 左旋 半果巴 CW，VO，UT
    69[103] ATF 左旋 阿克塞老县城西 VO
    70[105] TLF 右旋 马窑 VO
    71[106] HHF 右旋 发启村 VO
    72[107] XJF 左旋 两岔河 CW，VO
    73[108] QCF 右旋 Dujiaba VO
    74[109] ATF 左旋 阿克塞 GS，VO, UT, LF，CW
    75[110] ATF 左旋 索尔库里 AU, FD，GS，UT，FD，FIS
    注:SAF-圣安德列斯断裂(San Andreas Fault); HWF-海沃德断裂(Hayward Fault); MCF-密森河断裂(Mission Creek Fault); RCF-罗杰斯河(Rodgers Creek Fault); MLF-梅斯基特湖断裂(Mesquite Lake Fault); GF-加洛克断裂(Garlock Fault); EF-艾尓欣诺断裂(Elsinore Fault); SJF-圣哈辛托断裂(San Jacinto Fault); CF-卡里克断裂(Calico Fault); MVFZ-马霍断裂带(Mohawk Valley Fault Zone); LLF-拉维克湖断裂(Lavic Lake Fault); RF-瑞蒙德断裂(Raymond Fault); NAF-北安陀尼亚断裂(North Anatolian Fault); EAF-东安陀尼亚断裂(East Anatolian Fault); DSF-死海断裂(Dead Sea Fault); AWF-阿沃特雷断裂(Awatere Fault); AF-阿尔卑斯断裂(Alpine Fault); HF-霍普断裂(Hope Fault); WF-怀劳断裂(Wairau Fault); ANF-安纳断裂(Anar Fault); NBF-尼坂断裂(Nayband Fault); DF-德纳里断裂(Denali Fault); ZMHF-则木河断裂; ANHF-安宁河断裂; HYF-海原断裂; ATF-阿尔金断裂; TLF-郯庐断裂; HHF-红河断裂; XJF-小江断裂; GS-生长地层(growth strata); UT-断层向上的尖灭(upward termination); FIS-裂缝(fissure); AU-角度不整合(ang ular unconformity); VO-垂向错开(vertical offset); LF-沙土液化(lique faction); CW-崩积楔(colluvial wedge); FD-褶皱(folding)
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收稿日期:  2019-01-29
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