美国宾汉姆百年矿山污染治理与可持续发展之路探索

邱磊; 刘志刚; 邱瑞照; 吕志成; 陈秀法; 冯瑶; 朱泉龙; 赵立克; 任晓栋

美国宾汉姆百年矿山污染治理与可持续发展之路探索

1.
中国地质大学 (北京), 北京 100083

2.
中国地质调查局发展研究中心, 北京 100037

基金项目:
国家国际科技合作专项《中美环太平洋成矿带成矿规律对比与资源评价技术研究》（编号：2011DFA22460）、中国地质调查局项目《全球巨型成矿带找矿勘查方法技术研究》（编号：12120113102100）和《全国陆域及海区地质图件更新与共享》（编号：DD20190379）

详细信息

作者简介: 邱磊(1989-), 男, 在读硕士生, 地质工程专业。E-mail:xoqiu@hotmail.com

通讯作者: 邱瑞照(1963-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 从事深部地质、区域成矿和境外地质矿产研究。E-mail:qiurrzz@163.com

中图分类号: P5;X141

收稿日期: 2018-08-01

修回日期: 2019-08-29

刊出日期: 2019-09-15

Pollution control and exploration of sustainable development for the Bingham mine with a century's history in Western United States

1.
China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

2.
Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China

More Information

Corresponding author: QIU Ruizhao, qiurrzz@163.com

Received Date: 01 August 2018

Revised Date: 29 August 2019

Publish Date: 15 September 2019

摘要

摘要:
美国宾汉姆斑岩铜矿是全球著名矿床，近百年的资源开发、矿石加工和冶炼等生产活动对当地环境和生态系统造成了严重破坏，污染治理成本高昂。此外，矿区还有大量其他矿业公司历史上遗留下的污染物，治污责任纠缠不清。然而依照国家法律、政府，以及企业的社会责任心与发展策略，该区环境污染得到了成功清理和复垦，企业重新走上一条可持续发展之路，产生了显著的环境、社会、监管和经济效益。介绍宾汉姆矿山治理迂回曲折的过程，试图能给中国现有同类矿山、国家相关管理部门带来有益启迪和借鉴。
- 百年矿山 /
- 污染治理 /
- 宾汉姆斑岩铜矿 /
- 美国西部
Abstract:
The Bingham porphyry copper deposit is a world-famous ore deposit. More than one hundred years' production activities such as resource development, ore processing and smelting have seriously damaged the local environment and ecosystem, and the cost of pollution control is high. In addition, there are a large number of other pollutants left behind in the history of the mineral company in the mining area, and the responsibility for pollution control is entangled. However, according to the national law, government and corporate social responsibility and development strategy, the environmental pollution has been successfully cleaned up and reclaimed, and enterprises have embarked on a sustainable development road, resulting in significant environmental, social, regulatory and economic benefits. This paper introduces the process of the Bingham mine's pollution abatement characterized by many twists and turns, with the purpose of giving some beneficial enlightenment and reference to China's existing similar mines and related administrative departments.
- Centennial mine /
- pollution control /
- Bingham porphyry copper mine /
- Western United States

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图 1 宾汉姆矿山位置图（虚线为肯尼科特公司资产）（据参考文献[4]修改）

Figure 1.

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图 2 宾汉姆清理工程简图（据参考文献⑬修改）

Figure 2.

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表 1 宾汉姆矿山开发与治理主要事件

Table 1. Mzjor events of the development and pollution control in Bingham Mine

时间	主要事件
1860s和1870s	各公司，包括肯内科特（Kennecott）和大西洋里奇菲尔德公司（ARCO）初步勘探和开采活动
1906	开始在宾汉姆峡谷大规模露天挖坑采矿
1920s	早期的矿工注意到排出蓝色的水来自于矿山矸石，铜含量高
1983	EPA和Utah开始调查肯内科特矿业公司
1986	犹他州对肯尼科特公司提出自然资源损害索偿（NRD）
1991	外部顾问提出对肯尼科特新的、独立的环境评估，震惊了肯尼科特高管，并开始就"和解协议"进行谈判
1992	技术审查委员会成立
1993	和解协议谈判失败
1994	EPA提出将肯内科特列入NPL清单
1995	肯尼科特需要执行RI/ FS，并启动最低限地抽取酸性羽状物，设立一个信托基金解决地下水污染
1995	三方签署了MOU，明确了清理工作的范围
1999	黎明社区发展总体规划开始
2001	肯尼科特地产公司成立，专注于发展肯尼科特犹他铜业公司所属的土地
2003	黎明社区开始建设
2004	第一批居民搬进黎明社区
2005	黎明社区小学、中学和社区中心开张

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参考文献(20)

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