Geological mapping for graphite deposits and its prospecting significance in the central of Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
在内蒙古中部地区开展接触变质型石墨矿1:5万专题地质填图试点工作,查明了接触变质石墨矿成矿要素和找矿标志。白云鄂博群尖山组一段炭质地层是石墨矿化的主要层位,经历低程度的区域变质作用,叠加了晚古生代岩浆活动的强烈接触变质改造,发生了大规模的石墨矿化。通过石墨矿专题地质调查,圈定了3处石墨找矿靶区,3处成矿远景区,预测远景资源储量大于2000×104t。不同于传统的矿产地质调查,以成矿作用为核心的专题地质调查工作,是以石墨成矿关键问题为导向,开展石墨成矿作用研究,构建成矿模型和找矿标志,从而指导矿产地质调查填图,可以快速圈定矿化异常,开展异常查证和评价,提高了找矿工作效率。
Abstract:The thematic geological mapping for graphite deposits was conducted in the Xinhure area, middle of Inner Mongolia. Through this work, the essential minerogenic factors and prospecting criteria for graphite deposits were confirmed. The lower part of Jianshan Formation of the Bayan Obo Group consists of carbonaceous slate, which is the key strata of the graphite deposits. After a lower degree of regional metamorphism, it experienced thermal contact metamorphism caused by the magmatic activity in Late Paleozoic, which resulted in a large-scale graphite mineralization in this formation. According to the thematic geological mapping, the authors detected that there are 3 prospecting target areas and 3 mineralization prospective areas of graphite. The total predictive resources of the 3 targets have reached over 20 million tons. Compared with the traditional geological mapping, the thematic geological mapping is concentrated on the key geological problems of graphite metallogeny in this area, and emphasizes the important role of the pre-research on the typical deposit, which guides the thematic geological mapping from the beginning to the end. With this means, the prospecting target can be delineated quickly, and the efficiency of prospecting work can be improved.
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表 1 沉积-接触变质型石墨矿找矿预测地质模型
Table 1. Prospecting criteria of the graphite deposit of sedimentary-thermal contact metamorphism
要素 描述内容 基本要素 典型矿床 乌拉特中旗新忽热苏木大乌淀晶质石墨矿 品位吨位 固定炭7%~11%,鳞片片径0~20μm,石墨矿物量700×104t,特大型 成矿要素 地质环境 构造背景 华北陆块北缘狼山-渣尔泰山-白云鄂博裂谷系 成矿环境 华北地台北缘西段金、铁、铌、稀土、铜、铅、锌、银、镍、铂、钨、石墨、白云母成矿带 成矿时代 中元古代预富集,主成矿期为华力西晚期 成因类型 热接触变质型小鳞片状晶质石墨矿 控矿要素与找矿标志(成矿作用相关主要填图单元) 控矿地质要素 控矿构造 深大断裂、次级断裂外围,褶皱翼部,矿区尺度复杂的变形、片理化、糜棱岩化等动力变质活动。本区高勒图大断裂、哈布斯太倒转向斜是主要控矿断裂 赋矿地层 白云鄂博群富炭质浅变质碎屑沉积地层,主要为尖山组一段,少量位于都拉哈拉组、比鲁特组等 岩体岩脉 华力西晚期规模性的侵入岩体,如花岗闪长岩、黑云母花岗岩、辉绿岩等,含部分侵入地层的岩枝 围岩蚀变 红柱石化、绢云母化 接触变质晕带 石墨片岩-红柱石角岩-斑点板岩相(离岩体由近及远) 遥感标志 构造解译 线性断裂形迹,岩浆侵入造成的环形机构与褶皱带 蚀变解译 在真彩色影像中显示墨绿偏黑的颜色,与富炭质、富铁质地层有关,微弱铁染和羟基异常 表 2 新忽热幅石墨找矿靶区
Table 2. The list of the graphite prospecting targets of the Xinhure area
靶区名称 矿化面积/km2 石墨矿化形态 块样固定碳平均含量/% 片径/μm 资源储量预测/104t 高勒图靶区 0.49 鳞片集合体 5.0 60 1580* 豪牙靶区 0.78 鳞片集合体 8.3 60 1026 哈拉此佬靶区 0.7 鳞片集合体 10.6 95 921 那日图西远景区 0.19 微晶 9.7 50 没有测算 那日图远景区 0.2 鳞片集合体 16.3 141 没有测算 高勒图霍布远景区 0.2 微晶 没有测算 注:*表示高勒图靶区2016年投入勘探,实际勘查面积为4km2,备案探明资源储量1580×104t(矿物量)④ -
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