The latest progress of research on land subsidence abroad and its inspiration to China
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摘要:
地面沉降不仅影响社会经济的可持续发展，还威胁人类的生命安全。为推动世界地面沉降防治工作的进一步发展，根据近几年的地面沉降研究成果，对国际地面沉降最新研究进展进行了综述，旨在分析国际先进的地面沉降研究思路、方法、技术和管理政策，为中国今后的地面沉降工作方向提供指导。从地面沉降监测手段、监测网布设、监测精度，以及沉降机理研究和管理措施几个方面对比了国内外地面沉降工作，分析了中国在地面沉降工作中的长处与不足。中国地面沉降防治工作在沉降监测、机理研究、完善相关法律法规等方面依然任重道远。
Abstract:Land subsidence not only has negative effects on the development of social economy but also threatens the safety of human life. For promoting the further development of the work of land subsidence prevention and control, in this paper, the authors aim to study the international advanced land subsidence work ideas, methods, technologies and management policies. This paper briefly reviewed communication achievements of the symposia and published papers in recent years, which can provide guidance for the work of land subsidence prevention and control in China. The strong points and weaknesses of land subsidence prevention work in China were analyzed by comparing with work in foreign countries in such aspects as monitoring methods, monitoring systems, measured data accuracy, mechanism, and governing policies. The work of land subsidence prevention and control in China still has a long way to go in terms of land subsidence monitoring, mechanism study and improvement of relevant laws and regulations.
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Key words:
- land subsidence /
- research progress /
- inspiration
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表 1 历届国际地面沉降学术研讨会的举办时间与地点
Table 1. Time and locations of previous international symposia on land subsidence
届数 举办时间 举办地点 第一届 1969年9月 日本东京 第二届 1977年12月 美国加州阿纳海姆 第三届 1984年3月 意大利威尼斯 第四届 1991年5月 美国德州休斯顿 第五届 1995年10月 荷兰海牙 第六届 2000年9月 意大利拉文纳 第七届 2005年10月 中国上海 第八届 2010年10月 墨西哥克雷塔罗 第九届 2015年11月 日本名古屋 
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表 2 世界部分城市地面沉降速率
Table 2. Velocity of land subsidence in selected cities in the world
地区 沉降速率/
(mm·a-1)时间/年 测量方法 日本东京[3] 0 2013—2014 - 菲律宾马尼拉[3] 45 2013—2014 - 泰国曼谷[3] 20~30 2013—2014 - 印尼万隆[4] 230 2006—2009 InSAR 印尼雅加达[4] 220 1997—2010 GPS 印尼三宝垄[4] 130 2007—2009 GPS 墨西哥西维拉代阿里斯塔[4] 184 2007—2011 InSAR 墨西哥萨莫拉[4] 128 2007—2011 InSAR 伊朗马什哈德谷[5] 280~300 2003—2005 InSAR 伊朗德黑兰盆地[6] 205~250 2004—2008 InSAR 墨西哥墨西哥城[7] 380 2002—2007 InSAR 巴基斯坦奎达谷[8] 100 2006—2009 GPS 中国北京[9] 110 2003—2010 - 中国上海[10] 5.9 2013—2014 -
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表 3 截至2014年主要国家或地区水准点数量
Table 3. Quantity of leveling network in selected countries and cities by the end of 2014
地区 面积
/km2GPS/NSS
/个密度/
(个·km-2)水准点
/个密度/(个·100km-2) 美国休斯顿市 1558.4 170 11 - - 意大利艾米利亚-罗马涅大区 451.29 60 13 2300 510 中国北京平原区 6390 113 1.8 312 4.9 中国上海 6340 224 3.5 2516 40 中国天津平原 11350 44 0.4 1470 13 中国河北平原 77400 124 0.16 870 1.1 中国汾渭盆地 67000 74 0.11 532 0.8
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