Zircon U-Pb age, geochemistry and geological signifi-cance of high Nb-Ta acid volcanic rocks from Meisu Formation, Bieruo-Zecuo area, Gangdise belt
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摘要:
别若则错地区美苏组构造上处于北冈底斯南缘，其中流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石206Pb/238U年龄为39.62±0.77Ma，时代为晚始新世。岩石具高SiO2（72.85%～78.54%）、富碱（Alk=6.36%～8.47%）、贫CaO（0.33%～1.56%）和MgO（0.08%～0.58%）特征，A/CNK=0.99～1.35，属于弱铝质-过铝质碱性系列。稀土元素总量为122.52×10-6～208.35×10-6，（La/Yb）N值为7.27～16.11，δEu=0.13～0.26，在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分布模式上表现为Eu的右倾V字形。微量元素Nb（38.1×10-6～88.7×10-6）、Ta（3.36×10-6～6.35×10-6）高，Rb、K、Th、Ce、Zr、Hf相对富集，Ba、Sr、P、Ti强烈亏损。岩石地球化学特征表明，别若则错地区美苏组酸性火山岩“集壳幔特性于一身”，是初始熔体为富碱和富Nb、Ta的幔源玄武质岩浆与壳源岩浆以某一特定比例混合/混染的产物。初步认为，美苏组酸性火山岩产出于大陆板内伸展（裂谷）环境，其地球动力学背景与南侧新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲，导致高原内部的陆内俯冲、走滑剪切与地壳缩短有关。
Abstract:Meisu Formation in Bieruo-Zecuo area is tectonically located on the south margin of north Gangdise belt. LA-ICP-MS zircon 206Pb/238U dating shows that rhyolite from Meisu Formation has an age of 39.62±0.77Ma (n=14, MSWD=0.99), corresponding to Late Eocene. Geochemistry shows that the rhyolite belongs to weakly aluminous to peraluminous alkaline series (A/CNK=0.99～1.35) with characteristics of high SiO2 (72.85%～78.54%), high alkali (Alk=6.36%～8.47%), low CaO (0.33%～1.56%) and low MgO (0.08%～0.58%). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns are characterized by the significant enrichment of LREE (LaN/YbN=7.27～16.11) and strong negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.13～0.26) with total REE content of 122.52×10-6～208.35×10-6. The primitive man-tle-normalized trace element spider diagram shows high content of Nb (38.1×10-6～88.7×10-6) and Ta (3.36×10-6～6.35×10-6), rela-tive enrichment of Rb, K, Th, Ce, Zr and Hf and strong depletion of Ba, Sr, P and Ti. These geochemical characteristics show that the Meisu rhyolite is the product of mixing/contamination by a specific proportion of alkali-rich, Nb-Ta enriched, mantle-derived basaltic magma and crust-derived magma. The authors hold that the Meisu rhyolite was formed in an intraplate extension environ-ment (rift). Geodynamically, the formation of those rocks was associated with the on-plateau intracontinental subduction, strike-slip shear, and crust shortening triggered by northward subduction of Tethys Oceanic crust on the southern side.
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Key words:
- Gangdise belt /
- Bieruo-Zecuo area /
- Meisu Formation /
- high Nb-Ta /
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry
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表 1 美苏组流纹岩(P01(179))LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析数据
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb isotopic analyses of Meisu Formation rhyolite (P01(179))
测点 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 206Pb/38U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 208Pb/232Th 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 208Pb/232Th 1σ 1 0.00649 0.00016 0.09509 0.0067 0.10627 0.00837 0.00249 0.00007 41.7 1.0 92.2 6.2 50.3 1.4 2 0.00705 0.00016 0.14056 0.00768 0.14458 0.00930 0.00368 0.00011 45.3 1.0 133.5 6.8 74.3 2.2 3 0.00693 0.00050 0.04572 0.01574 0.04783 0.01684 0.00286 0.00028 44.5 3.2 45.4 15.3 57.7 5.7 4 0.00616 0.00089 0.03751 0.03158 0.04416 0.03769 0.00161 0.00039 39.6 5.7 37.4 30.9 32.4 7.9 5 0.01257 0.00071 0.83390 0.06569 0.48128 0.04763 0.01336 0.00065 80.5 4.5 615.8 36.4 268.2 12.9 6 0.00687 0.00100 0.04494 0.03232 0.04747 0.03481 0.00322 0.00078 44.1 6.4 44.6 31.4 65.1 15.7 7 0.00914 0.00020 0.42774 0.01499 0.33927 0.01643 0.00857 0.00019 58.7 1.3 361.6 10.7 172.4 3.8 8 0.00602 0.00010 0.04187 0.00225 0.05043 0.00312 0.00186 0.00003 38.7 0.6 41.7 2.2 37.6 0.7 9 0.00720 0.00017 0.19359 0.00937 0.19487 0.01157 0.00470 0.00013 46.3 1.1 179.7 8.0 94.8 2.5 10 0.00629 0.00018 0.04126 0.00621 0.04754 0.00738 0.00214 0.00010 40.4 1.2 41.1 6.1 43.2 2.1 11 0.00885 0.00020 0.35398 0.01403 0.2902 0.01516 0.00866 0.00021 56.8 1.3 307.7 10.5 174.3 4.3 12 0.00599 0.00016 0.03905 0.00508 0.04727 0.00638 0.00210 0.00008 38.5 1.0 38.9 5.0 42.4 1.6 13 0.00685 0.00055 0.04638 0.01763 0.04907 0.01907 0.00271 0.00034 44.0 3.5 46 17.1 54.8 6.9 14 0.00669 0.00052 0.04518 0.01635 0.04896 0.01814 0.00185 0.00024 43.0 3.3 44.9 15.9 37.3 4.8 15 0.00633 0.00059 0.03968 0.01884 0.04543 0.02198 0.00245 0.00042 40.7 3.8 39.5 18.4 49.4 8.5 16 0.00676 0.00109 0.04464 0.04805 0.04787 0.05206 0.00224 0.00056 43.5 7.0 44.3 46.7 45.3 11.3 17 0.00611 0.00027 0.04128 0.00827 0.04898 0.01012 0.00197 0.00010 39.3 1.7 41.1 8.1 39.8 2.1 18 0.00787 0.00111 0.13800 0.05582 0.12715 0.05431 0.00265 0.00054 50.5 7.1 131.3 49.8 53.5 10.8 19 0.00707 0.00087 0.04625 0.03535 0.04744 0.03672 0.00286 0.00059 45.4 5.6 45.9 34.3 57.8 11.9 20 0.00632 0.00022 0.04044 0.00711 0.04640 0.00840 0.00210 0.00014 40.6 1.4 40.3 6.9 42.5 2.9 21 0.00639 0.00019 0.04269 0.00639 0.04842 0.00748 0.00223 0.00012 41.1 1.2 42.4 6.2 45 2.4 22 0.01918 0.00072 1.48434 0.07226 0.56111 0.0364 0.02164 0.00066 122.5 4.6 924 29.5 432.8 13.2 23 0.00719 0.00046 0.04674 0.01563 0.04711 0.01607 0.00305 0.00035 46.2 2.9 46.4 15.2 61.5 7.0 24 0.00735 0.00107 0.04872 0.04896 0.04808 0.04881 0.00356 0.00058 47.2 6.9 48.3 47.4 71.9 11.7 
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表 2 美苏组酸性火山岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2. Major, trace elements and REE analyses of acid volcanic rocks from Meisu Formation
样品 流纹岩 流纹质凝灰岩 P01(174) D3241☆ P05(504) P01(135) GP70☆ P05(476) SiO2 72.85 74.04 78.54 74.82 75.60 77.48 Al2O3 12.39 14.25 10.76 12.03 12.83 11.34 Fe2O3 1.23 1.42 0.69 0.67 0.37 0.55 FeO 0.16 0.54 0.10 0.10 0.44 0.09 CaO 1.56 0.33 0.37 0.86 1.09 0.40 MgO 0.22 0.55 0.31 0.20 0.08 0.58 K2O 5.47 2.25 3.56 5.87 3.77 3.33 Na2O 1.52 4.59 3.28 2.60 2.59 3.19 TiO2 0.25 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 P2O5 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 MnO 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.11 0.03 0.09 灼失 4.15 1.20 2.22 2.53 2.31 2.79 H2O+ 2.46 0.92 1.78 1.85 1.72 2.16 H2O- 0.44 0.12 0.73 1.16 0.18 1.31 CO2 1.67 ― 0.19 0.71 - 0.68 总和 99.92 99.32 99.97 99.92 99.25 99.97 AR 3.01 2.77 3.87 2.35 2.19 3.38 NK/A 0.68 0.70 0.86 0.88 0.65 0.78 A/CNK 1.10 1.35 1.08 0.99 1.24 1.18 Cr 4.29 11.00 5.72 4.96 1.00 5.32 Ni 2.26 16.00 2.72 1.56 13.4 2.44 Co 3.67 4.80 8.34 3.78 1.00 6.36 Rb 228 185 94.2 176 174 98 Cs 5.05 5.00 21.60 7.76 8.50 15.90 W 44.5 1.8 82.1 35.8 2.2 55.5 Sr 51.6 170 28.8 203 84.4 38 Ba 94.8 38 35.1 90.1 48.2 28.1 V 8.18 4.4 5.01 4.21 1.36 8.41 Nb 80.7 88.7 51.0 48.1 40.0 38.1 Ta 6.35 4.97 3.36 3.96 3.54 3.54 Zr 247 298 97.2 156 122 85.4 Hf 8.96 9.40 4.38 5.84 4.71 4.66 U 1.69 4.18 2.91 2.20 1.34 3.39 Th 20.5 25.7 9.86 13.1 20.4 14.4 La 47.9 32.0 41.4 47.8 35.4 51.6 Ce 84.6 88.0 68.0 74.9 43.9 86.6 Pr 10.60 12.00 7.96 8.51 5.80 8.96 Nd 36.4 36.0 25.6 25.3 21.2 27.2 Sm 7.70 7.20 4.43 4.08 3.68 4.59 Eu 0.31 0.32 0.3 0.27 0.28 0.34 Gd 6.19 4.80 3.53 3.46 2.74 3.97 Tb 0.98 1.00 0.51 0.51 0.46 0.56 Dy 5.83 6.00 3.04 3.11 3.14 3.32 Ho 1.13 1.10 0.61 0.67 0.64 0.68 Er 2.99 2.6 1.74 2.02 2.16 1.89 Tm 0.45 0.50 0.30 0.35 0.30 0.31 Yb 2.90 2.90 2.07 2.56 2.49 2.11 Lu 0.37 0.37 0.30 0.37 0.33 0.29 Y 27.7 22.0 15.2 17.9 17.6 17.7 ∑REE 208.35 194.79 159.79 173.91 122.52 192.42 δEu 0.13 0.16 0.23 0.22 0.26 0.24 (La/Yb)N 10.88 7.27 13.17 12.3 9.37 16.11 注：☆样品据参考文献①；AR=(Al2O3+CaO+Na2O+K2O)/(Al2O3+CaO-Na2O-K2O)；NK/A=(Na2O+K2O)/Al2O3(摩尔比); A/CNK=Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O)(摩尔比)；主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素为10-6
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