The establishment of Upper Cretaceous Mamole Formation in Asuo Town of Nima County, northern Tibet, and its significance
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摘要:
在青藏高原中部尼玛县阿索乡马莫勒地区识别出一套紫红色辫状河三角洲平原亚相地层,岩性主要为紫红色砂岩中砾岩、紫红色复成分中砾岩、紫红色砂岩细砾岩,局部夹含砾粗砂岩或岩屑杂砂岩。在剖面测制和区域对比的基础上建立了上白垩统马莫勒组。对马莫勒组岩屑杂砂岩层进行碎屑锆石采样和U-Pb定年,得到最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为99Ma。碎屑锆石主要存在3个年龄峰值,其中主峰值在125Ma左右,代表了班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋演化的岩浆活动,其他2个弱峰值分别为550Ma和980Ma,且分别代表了泛非期和格林威尔期-晋宁期的岩浆活动热事件。研究认为,马莫勒组的沉积时代应介于99~90Ma之间,马莫勒组的出现标志着尼玛地区在晚白垩世初期完成了由洋到陆的转换,进入陆内环境。
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关键词:
- 青藏高原 /
- 辫状河三角洲平原亚相 /
- 马莫勒组 /
- 洋陆转换 /
- 碎屑锆石
Abstract:In this study, a set of purple red braided river delta plain subfacies sediments were firstly discovered in Asuo Town of Nima County, northern Tibet. Rock association is mainly composed of medium conglomerate in sandstone, medium conglomerate in complex composition and fine conglomerate in sandstone, intercalated with gravel and lithic sandstones. We establish the Mamole Formation based on the section measurement and regional correlation. The authors collected zircon samples from lithic sandstones in Mamole Formation, and the analytical results show that the youngest detrital zircon age is 89Ma and there exist three peak ages for the samples, i.e., 125Ma, 550Ma and 980Ma. The ages 550Ma and 980Ma represent respectively the Pan-African and Green Weir-Jinning period magma thermal events. The principal peak of 125Ma represents the magmatic activity related to the evolution of Bangong Co-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean in Cretaceous. The deposition time of Mamole Formation was 99~90Ma, and the appearance of Mamole Formation indicates that in the Nima area the ocean-continent transition ended and evolved into intracontinental environment in the early Late Cretaceous.
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表 1 西藏尼玛县阿索乡尼则地区上白垩统马莫勒组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb同位素分析数据
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb data of the detrital zircon from Mamole Formation in Asuo Town of Nima County, northern Tibet
点号 同位素含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值(±1σ) 同位素年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ NT2-1 19.9444 204.72 198.81 1.03 0.05858 0.00124 0.65182 0.01396 0.01379 0.00018 552 27 510 9 500 6 NT2-2 153.68239 41.1 570.92 0.07 0.09954 0.00138 3.70172 0.05357 0.01378 0.00021 1616 12 1572 12 1539 16 NT2-3 62.65256 717.46 425.31 1.69 0.06168 0.00102 0.88643 0.01507 0.01384 0.00017 663 18 644 8 639 7 NT2-4 31.36114 111.55 136.54 0.82 0.07642 0.00269 1.99229 0.06538 0.01368 0.00018 1106 72 1113 22 1116 13 NT2-5 37.62017 35.46 103.27 0.34 0.11484 0.00175 5.30512 0.08349 0.01387 0.00018 1877 13 1870 13 1862 19 NT2-6 30.90161 113.61 178.71 0.64 0.06949 0.00117 1.46332 0.02515 0.01384 0.0002 913 18 915 10 916 10 NT2-7 13.19793 132.04 118.29 1.12 0.05907 0.0015 0.72025 0.01828 0.01387 0.00023 570 34 551 11 546 6 NT2-8 11.78972 532 552.2 0.96 0.04884 0.00131 0.11766 0.00315 0.01385 0.00027 140 40 113 3 112 1 NT2-9 48.40563 71.4 272.98 0.26 0.07534 0.00118 1.78148 0.02881 0.01444 0.00027 1078 16 1039 11 1020 11 NT2-10 9.90532 25.12 21.5 1.17 0.11184 0.00249 5.05224 0.1123 0.01386 0.00017 1830 22 1828 19 1826 20 NT2-11 32.84554 65.26 98.32 0.66 0.10002 0.00163 3.9591 0.06601 0.01389 0.00017 1624 15 1626 14 1627 17 NT2-12 29.72956 397.1 207.63 1.91 0.06045 0.00112 0.79147 0.01487 0.01387 0.00017 620 21 592 8 8 585 7 NT2-13 28.851006 4.61 315.99 0.01 0.06019 0.00107 0.79796 0.01449 0.01377 0.00017 610 20 596 13 592 7 NT2-14 67.56826 31.84 387.36 0.08 0.12434 0.00255 2.72618 0.04638 0.0139 0.00017 2019 37 1336 24 951 10 NT2-15 84.30053 296.31 290.8 1.02 0.08499 0.00294 2.66137 0.08566 0.01399 0.00021 1315 69 1318 13 1319 15 NT2-16 33.28353 80.41 106.79 0.75 0.09449 0.0015 3.43517 0.05623 0.01399 0.00021 1518 15 1512 14 1508 16 NT2-17 1.477609 46.17 71.05 0.65 0.04814 0.00608 0.1226 0.0154 0.0141 0.00018 106 237 117 11 118 2 NT2-18 37.48453 123.58 181.54 0.68 0.07506 0.00122 1.85296 0.03103 0.01411 0.0002 1070 17 1064 6 1061 11 NT2-19 3.954736 97.54 197.4 0.49 0.04863 0.00269 0.12419 0.00683 0.01388 0.00019 130 98 119 13 118 2 NT2-20 94.62094 34.08 272.87 0.12 0.11429 0.00165 5.30293 0.07982 0.01413 0.00023 1869 13 1869 10 1870 19 NT2-21 7.65482 278.67 230.16 1.21 0.04695 0.00475 0.11449 0.01145 0.01399 0.00017 47 217 110 14 113 2 NT2-22 16.93679 64.53 70.65 0.91 0.07852 0.00161 2.13192 0.04404 0.19687 0.00238 1160 23 1159 11 1158 13 NT2-23 29.4258 133.4 152.4 0.88 0.07145 0.00127 1.59497 0.02894 0.16187 0.00191 970 19 968 4 967 11 NT2-24 9.132121 304.2 391.28 0.78 0.04809 0.00172 0.13177 0.00468 0.01987 0.00025 104 59 126 12 127 2 NT2-25 40.0889 111.6 191.83 0.58 0.07636 0.00127 1.96489 0.0336 0.18658 0.00218 1105 17 1104 14 1103 1 NT2-26 51.71626 35.07 114.19 0.31 0.15646 0.00241 8.78334 0.13932 0.40706 0.00477 2418 13 2316 10 2201 22 NT2-27 34.54282 98.2 233.94 0.42 0.06794 0.00122 1.28769 0.02346 0.13743 0.00162 867 19 840 17 830 9 NT2-2814.2674427.140.180.670.126920.002525.213920.10410.297870.00373205619185521168119NT2-29 3.031445 24.08 43.95 0.55 0.05668 0.00356 0.48531 0.03016 0.06208 0.00095 479 111 402 13 388 6 NT2-30 16.30039 82.04 83.08 0.99 0.07109 0.00151 1.55668 0.0333 0.15879 0.00194 960 24 953 12 950 11 NT2-31 32.80374 142.57 166.99 0.85 0.07275 0.00138 1.64059 0.03147 0.16353 0.00195 1007 21 986 6 976 11 NT2-32 3.324772 86.64 162.11 0.53 0.04788 0.00268 0.12265 0.0068 0.01857 0.00027 93 96 117 14 119 2 NT2-33 53.58571 78.41 138.02 0.57 0.11496 0.00183 5.36614 0.08786 0.33848 0.00396 1879 14 1879 13 1879 19 NT2-34 182.51026 204.41 496.56 0.41 0.11349 0.0017 5.20387 0.08099 0.33247 0.00384 1856 13 1853 23 1850 19 NT2-35 4.27234 33.79 28.43 1.19 0.06982 0.00304 1.11448 0.04794 0.11574 0.00166 923 65 760 8 706 10 NT2-36 3.306992 137.26 132.75 1.03 0.04849 0.00308 0.13303 0.00838 0.01989 0.0003 123 113 127 15 127 2 NT2-37 107.04236 29.95 166.64 0.18 0.20982 0.00316 16.51141 0.25782 0.57061 0.00662 2904 12 2907 14 2910 27 NT2-38 23.57878 66.39 99.54 0.67 0.08035 0.00152 2.28986 0.04385 0.20665 0.00247 1206 20 1209 6 1211 13 NT2-39 3.593074 103.41 171.09 0.60 0.04845 0.00277 0.12608 0.00714 0.01887 0.00027 121 100 121 14 121 2 NT2-40 50.69098 117.07 121.54 0.96 0.11585 0.0019 5.28754 0.08881 0.33095 0.00389 1893 15 1867 1843 19 NT2-41 36.72232 180.09 361.84 0.50 0.05991 0.00199 0.76036 0.0234 0.09205 0.00113 600 73 574 13 568 7 NT2-42 46.11444 234.62 165.32 1.42 0.08 0.00139 2.25289 0.03993 0.2042 0.00241 1197 18 1198 12 1198 13 NT2-43 22.1324 80.12 86.61 0.93 0.081 0.00161 2.33231 0.04691 0.20878 0.00252 1221 21 1222 14 1222 13 NT2-44 10.795 79.38 57.53 1.38 0.07487 0.00188 1.64314 0.04106 0.15915 0.00202 1065 30 987 16 952 11 NT2-45 2.295185 147.83 73.32 2.02 0.04892 0.0044 0.13815 0.01232 0.02048 0.00036 144 167 131 11 131 2 NT2-46 34.64283 126.97 189.04 0.67 0.07096 0.00136 1.56745 0.03041 0.16017 0.00192 956 21 957 12 958 11 NT2-47 5.041161 169.5 212.58 0.80 0.0484 0.00239 0.13368 0.00655 0.02003 0.00028 119 86 127 6 128 2 NT2-48 17.33057 536.97 815.43 0.66 0.04852 0.00118 0.12616 0.00307 0.01886 0.00023 125 35 121 3 120 1 NT2-49 12.69524 321.35 541.61 0.59 0.04862 0.00134 0.14135 0.00388 0.02108 0.00026 130 41 134 3 134 2 NT2-50 8.015719 437.78 298.85 1.46 0.04868 0.00193 0.13178 0.00519 0.01963 0.00026 132 67 126 5 125 2 NT2-5110.47899348.07470.20.740.056130.001720.146070.004450.018870.000244584513841212NT2-52 81.44881 250.19 540.79 0.46 0.06704 0.00129 1.27833 0.02488 0.13827 0.00165 839 22 836 11 835 9 NT2-53 14.35108 96.07 105.41 0.91 0.06281 0.00174 0.95165 0.02624 0.10986 0.00139 702 37 679 14 672 8 NT2-54 20.40128 200.52 190.79 1.05 0.05772 0.00126 0.67874 0.01495 0.08527 0.00104 519 28 526 9 528 6 NT2-55 48.2858 132.9 327.56 0.41 0.07184 0.00136 1.35827 0.02605 0.1371 0.00164 981 21 871 11 828 9 NT2-56 20.99969 114.89 86.08 1.33 0.08034 0.00175 2.253 0.0493 0.20334 0.0025 1205 24 1198 15 1193 13 NT2-57 14.0931 109.42 148.18 0.74 0.05799 0.00152 0.6573 0.01719 0.08219 0.00104 529 35 513 11 509 6 NT2-58 6.229613 235.05 332.72 0.71 0.04757 0.00199 0.1057 0.00437 0.01611 0.00022 78 67 102 4 103 1 NT2-59 5.612553 249.55 225.46 1.11 0.04959 0.00244 0.13201 0.00642 0.0193 0.00028 176 86 126 6 123 2 NT2-60 52.2633 154.16 517.53 0.30 0.06225 0.00116 0.84007 0.01595 0.09786 0.00116 683 21 619 9 602 7 NT2-61 40.03606 87.88 213.42 0.41 0.07195 0.00241 1.64481 0.05105 0.1658 0.00208 985 70 988 20 989 11 NT2-62 3.802606 127.24 158.5 0.80 0.04974 0.00301 0.14081 0.00843 0.02053 0.00031 183 109 134 8 131 2 NT2-63 15.98084 345.65 690.61 0.50 0.04875 0.00128 0.14306 0.00376 0.02128 0.00026 136 39 136 3 136 2 NT2-64 44.95945 119.72 191.66 0.62 0.08013 0.00158 2.26203 0.04513 0.2047 0.00247 1200 21 1201 14 1201 13 NT2-65 175.6498 179.56 493.89 0.36 0.11454 0.00206 5.11845 0.09392 0.32403 0.00385 1873 17 1839 16 1809 19 NT2-6644.9211626.72232.840.110.085680.002132.220390.048280.187940.00226133149118715111012NT2-67 15.96541 97.11 90.39 1.07 0.06735 0.00169 1.30292 0.03273 0.14028 0.00176 849 32 847 14 846 10 NT2-68 27.81678 41.81 58.4 0.72 0.13727 0.00272 7.68626 0.15401 0.40602 0.00501 2193 19 2195 18 2197 23 NT2-69 212.57749 483.15 311.33 1.55 0.16371 0.003 10.72943 0.20025 0.47524 0.00568 2494 16 2500 17 2506 25 NT2-70 3.39064 147.69 142.46 1.04 0.04789 0.00346 0.12679 0.00908 0.0192 0.0003 94 129 121 8 123 2 NT2-71 6.834586 172.8 228.09 0.76 0.05273 0.00192 0.19456 0.007 0.02675 0.00037 317 57 181 6 170 2 NT2-72 3.474754 8.27 15.97 0.52 0.07867 0.00382 2.14537 0.10216 0.19773 0.00332 1164 68 1164 33 1163 18 NT2-73 9.78138 31.43 42.35 0.74 0.0786 0.00217 2.14061 0.05872 0.19748 0.00259 1162 34 1162 19 1162 14 NT2-74 15.60396 54.7 162.85 0.34 0.05947 0.00156 0.75156 0.01962 0.09163 0.00116 584 35 569 11 565 7 NT2-75 13.17732 405.24 657.94 0.62 0.04836 0.00144 0.11938 0.00354 0.0179 0.00023 117 46 115 3 114 1 NT2-76 24.52773 94.11 255.29 0.37 0.0589 0.00134 0.74045 0.01686 0.09115 0.00112 563 29 563 10 562 7 NT2-77 7.312954 129.7 53.27 2.43 0.05633 0.00262 0.64831 0.02984 0.08346 0.00119 465 77 507 18 517 7 NT2-78 27.31365 275.5 257.82 1.07 0.05716 0.00137 0.64466 0.01547 0.08179 0.00102 498 31 505 10 507 6 NT2-79 6.821929 205.67 299.52 0.69 0.04807 0.00184 0.13162 0.00499 0.01986 0.00027 103 62 126 4 127 2 NT2-80 5.22741 39.46 54.16 0.73 0.05816 0.00285 0.71984 0.03495 0.08974 0.00132 536 80 551 21 554 8 NT2-81 15.53633 492.28 655.46 0.75 0.04859 0.00158 0.13196 0.00423 0.01969 0.00022 128 54 126 4 126 1 NT2-829.088853373.03395.760.940.048790.001580.126660.004030.018820.00021385512141201NT2-83 9.48028 124.69 197.87 0.63 0.06704 0.00387 0.34829 0.01962 0.03768 0.00047 839 124 303 15 238 3 NT2-84 3.059747 151.68 114.05 1.33 0.04925 0.00722 0.1364 0.01991 0.02008 0.00033 160 270 130 18 128 2 NT2-85 9.070104 376.17 423.85 0.89 0.04833 0.00214 0.12055 0.00528 0.01809 0.00021 115 78 116 5 116 1 NT2-86 7.925551 287.32 263.46 1.09 0.04945 0.00189 0.17298 0.0065 0.02537 0.00029 169 66 162 6 162 2 NT2-87 65.85235 361.61 726.61 0.50 0.06499 0.00105 0.75027 0.01172 0.08372 0.00085 774 17 568 7 518 5 NT2-88 4.609687 84.34 166.11 0.51 0.04947 0.00364 0.17253 0.01262 0.02529 0.00033 170 141 162 11 161 2 NT2-89 3.763938 118.67 172.2 0.69 0.04855 0.00402 0.13135 0.01081 0.01962 0.00026 126 159 125 10 125 2 NT2-90 7.204427 313.73 392.52 0.80 0.04804 0.00265 0.10253 0.0056 0.01548 0.00019 101 99 99 5 99 1 NT2-9116.44419133.85237.870.560.11970.003380.928620.023960.056270.00064195252667133534NT2-92 4.82122 191.25 225.6 0.85 0.04822 0.00419 0.11761 0.01016 0.01769 0.00023 110 168 113 9 113 1 NT2-93 8.091083 354.85 343.59 1.03 0.05068 0.00213 0.13657 0.00566 0.01954 0.00022 226 75 130 5 125 1 NT2-94 16.64455 96.67 230.73 0.42 0.0557 0.00129 0.52286 0.01188 0.06806 0.00072 440 32 427 8 424 4 NT2-95 6.298633 182.79 272.8 0.67 0.04864 0.00292 0.13882 0.00824 0.0207 0.00026 131 110 132 7 132 2 NT2-96 4.71812 166.71 191.54 0.87 0.04868 0.00412 0.1325 0.01114 0.01974 0.00026 132 163 126 10 126 2 NT2-97 7.184087 332.8 316.81 1.05 0.04831 0.00304 0.11968 0.00748 0.01797 0.00022 114 117 115 7 115 1 NT2-98 29.49966 147.26 220.71 0.67 0.06299 0.00129 1.00487 0.02006 0.11568 0.00122 708 25 706 10 706 7 NT2-99 4.00604 88.06 182.46 0.48 0.04863 0.00459 0.13537 0.01268 0.02019 0.00029 130 183 129 11 129 2 NT2-100 5.766955 206.31 275.54 0.75 0.04831 0.00436 0.12104 0.01086 0.01817 0.00024 114 176 116 10 116 2 注:测试单位为中国地质大学(北京)科学研究院实验中心;带删除线的数值未参与讨论 -
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