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摘要:
博洛（Boroo）金矿是蒙古国发现的首个岩金矿床，同时也是该国开采规模与黄金产量最大的金矿。该矿矿体主要产于博洛近水平断裂带内，整个矿化带(Au异常≥100×10-9) 长度超过2000m，宽度400m，局部厚度达100m，主要围岩为博洛花岗杂岩、变质沉积岩等。矿床主要矿化类型有金-硫化物、金-石英脉型矿化2种，与中国典型超大型造山型金山金矿具有较多相似点，判定其为造山型金矿。距博洛金矿35km处产出同类型且储量相近的大型金矿-盖特苏尔特（Gatsuurt）。在已有研究的基础上，从产出环境、地质特征、矿床成因等方面对其进行了介绍和总结，并在矿床邻区内划定3个找矿战略靶区，这对中国企业在蒙古寻找同类型金矿具有指导意义。
Abstract:The Boroo gold deposit, located in northern Khentei gold ore belt, is the first hard rock gold deposit discovered in Mongolia, and its scale of mining and the gold production are also the largest (averagely 3.52g/t gold, with total produced gold reaching 66t). The deposit is hosted in the Boroo fault, a nearly flat-lying fault zone. The total combined length of the mineralization zone (anomalous gold values≥100ppb) is more than 2500m, the width is at least 400m, and the thickness is locally as large as 100m. This area is underlain by granitoids of the Boroo Complex and metasedimentary rocks. Two main types of mineralization have been recognized in the Boroo gold deposit:the gold-sulfide type and the gold-quartz vein type. A comparison of the Boroo deposit with China's Jinshan gold deposit shows that there exist many similarities between these two deposits, and hence the authors consider that the Boroo gold deposit is an orogenic gold deposit. Meanwhile, there is another large-sized gold deposit called Gatsuurt gold deposit 35km away from the Boroo deposit, which shares the same deposit type and equal ore reserves. On the basis of previous researches, the authors have made a detailed summarization in the aspects of production environment, geological characteristics, and genesis of the deposit. This paper provides useful information for Chinese companies' prospecting for the same type gold deposits; in addition, three strategic targets in the adjacent areas of Boroo have been delineated.
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Key words:
- North Khentei gold ore belt /
- orogenic gold deposit /
- Boroo gold deposit /
- Mongolia
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序号 矿床名称 矿床外文名称 主要矿种 成因类型 品位与储量 1 博洛 Boroo 金 造山型脉状金矿床 平均品位3.52g/t
金储量约66t2 查干陶勒盖 Tsagaan tolgoi 金 热液型/石英脉型金矿 Au最高品位37g/t
预计储量1.5t3 苏开特 Sukhait 金 热液蚀变型/脉型 平均品位2.3g/t
最高品位20g/t4 库尔曼努尔 Khulman Nuur 金 热液蚀变/石英脉型 5 巴尔拉高尔 Barlag Gol 金 冲积型砂金矿 6 额仁 Ereen 金、银 岩金 Au品位1.0~11.6g/t
金储量6.91t7 依克通克罗尔 Ikh Tokhoirol 金 砂金 金储量3.77t 8 赫木尔 Humul 金 砂金 Au平均品位0.47g/m 3
储量41.3t9 达布金卡尔 Davkhyn khar 金 浅成热液型 Au品位2.03~22.13g/t
平均2.09g/t，资源量46t10 昆克尔 Khunkher 金 浅成热液角砾岩型 
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表 2 造山型金矿、蒙古国博洛金矿及江西金山金矿矿床特征对比
Table 2. Geological characteristic contrast between the orogenic-type gold deposit, the Boroo deposit and the Jinshan gold deposit
典型特征 造山型金矿 蒙古国博洛金矿 江西金山金矿 成矿跨度 从中太古代持续到古近纪，主要发生在晚太古代、古元古代与显生宙 中生代（185~210Ma） 未达成统一认识，成矿时间由161Ma至780Ma均有提出 构造背景 变形的大陆边缘，主要是外来地体(碰撞造山带、俯冲增生楔、陆内造山带) 增生到西伯利亚克拉通东南边缘的地体 经历多期造山作用的复合体 控矿构造 严格受挤压和转换拉伸构造的晚期阶段控制 近水平的大型逆冲断层-博洛断裂带，与区内主走滑断裂有关 地处赣东北深大断裂的金山韧性推覆变形带中，以低角度的韧性剪切变形为主 赋矿围岩 类型多样，主要是铁镁质火山岩、侵入岩或杂砂岩、板岩及浊积岩系列 主要是花岗杂岩侵入体（由浅色花岗岩和闪长岩脉组成），部分为浊积岩 杂砂岩、板岩、变凝灰岩，偶见闪长岩与辉绿岩 赋矿围岩变质相 从次绿片岩相到低麻粒岩相，主要为绿片岩相 绿片岩相 糜棱岩相与碎裂岩相 岩浆岩 一般为长英质到煌斑岩或大陆边缘岩基 主要有斜长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩、钾长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩等浅色花岗岩 矿区岩浆活动微弱，仅见辉石闪长岩和辉绿岩 矿化类型 矿化类型多样，有细脉侵染状石英脉、大脉、鞍状矿脉，及富铁岩石的交代型 主要为脉状和侵染状 类型多样，星散侵染状、角砾状、脉状及网脉状均有出现 矿化构造特征 复杂多样，主要为脆-韧性区域 断层张性特征明显 复杂多样，主要为脆-韧性区域 矿床叠加程度 具有明显的多期次成矿事件叠加 ~ 叠加明显 金属元素组合 Au-Ag±As±B±Bi±Sb±Te±W Au-Ag±As±Sb±S Au-W±As±Sb±Bi 蚀变类型 绢云母化、碳酸盐化、硅化、硫化 硅化、绢云母化、青磐岩化、碳酸盐化 硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等 蚀变分带 具有潜在的侧向和垂向分带 具有明显蚀变分带 构造分带、蚀变分带及金矿化强度分带三者界限基本一致，具规律性 近矿围岩蚀变 随着变质程度的变化而变化，主要为云母-碳酸盐-Fe硫化物 位于剪切带的中心部位，主要是石英-黄铁矿化带 位于剪切带的中心部位，按金0.1g/t圈定矿化带基本框定金矿体的赋存空间，主要是石英-黄铁矿-铁白云石化带 温压条件 50~450MPa，220~600℃，一般为150±50MPa，350±50℃ 富Au矿区矿石流体包裹体均一温度194~355℃ 金矿流体包裹体均一温度在142~360℃、主要集中于260~290℃；含金石英脉的流体压力16.7Mpa，而含金糜棱岩流体压力98MPa 成矿流体 低盐度H2O-CO2±CH4±N2(盐度3%~10%)，高CO2含量（ > 5%) ~ 可变，NaCl-H2O流体包裹体盐度在1.2%~8.5%之间 热源 多源，软流圈的底辟作用，中地壳花岗岩类的侵入 ~ 区域大规模变质作用和构造-岩浆活动提供热量 成矿物质来源 俯冲地壳/上壳层岩石/深部花岗岩类 与岛弧有关的含金属侵入杂岩体 来源于壳源，与围岩关系密切，围岩双桥山群提供成矿物质 资料来源 [20-22] [①][1-2, 10] [21]
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