Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks from Maoniushan Formation in Amunike area, Qinghai Province, and its geological implications
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摘要:
利用岩石地球化学分析和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,对阿木尼克山地区牦牛组火山岩进行了系统的地球化学特征和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。其地球化学特征为,SiO2含量介于53.94%~64.69%之间,全碱含量介于5.38%~9.86%之间,范围较大,里特曼指数介于1.45~4.54之间,属于碱性岩和钙碱性岩,铝饱和指数A/CNK均大于1.1,具有S型花岗岩的特征;稀土元素总量为68×10-6~372×10-6,LREE/HREE值介于4.51~18.25之间,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,稀土元素配分曲线右倾;微量元素中不相容元素Rb、Ba、Th富集,Ta、Nb亏损明显,蛛网曲线呈现峰谷迭起的曲线形式。锆石CL图像和U-Pb同位素分析结果显示,牦牛山组火山岩锆石自形程度好,均有岩浆振荡环带的特征,Th/U值介于0.4~1.3之间,属于岩浆成因锆石。测得该火山岩中2件样品的锆石206Pb/238U 年龄介于371~399Ma 之间,年龄加权平均值分别为374.8±3.1Ma 和392.4±3.3Ma,表明火山岩形成时代为中—晚泥盆世。结合区域特征,认为牦牛山组火山岩的形成与柴达木盆地北缘的演化有关,其是后碰撞阶段伸展作用的产物。
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关键词:
- 牦牛山组 /
- 火山岩 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 构造事件 /
- LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 测年
Abstract:Geochemical analysis and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating were conducted for zircon grains and geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks from Maoniushan Formation in Amunike area. The geochemical characteristics show that the volcanic rocks form Maoniushan Formation have the following data: SiO2=53.94%~64.69%, total alkali content(ALK(Na2O+K2O))=5.38%~ 9.86%, varying in a large range, Rittmann Index(δ)=1.45~4.54, belonging to alkaline rocks and calc-alkaline rocks, and all of aluminum saturation indexes A/CNK are higher than 1.1, exhibiting characteristics of S type granite. Rare earth element analyses reveal that ΣREE=68×10-6~372×10-6,and LREE/HREE=4.51~18.25, exhibiting right-dipping REE patterns strongly enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE. Trace elements analyses reveal strong enrichment of incompatible elements Rb, Ba, Th and conspicuous depletion of Ta, Nb, assuming the curve form that cobweb curve appears frequently in peak and valley. CL investigations show that zircon grains from Maoniushan Formation are euhedral in shape and display fine-scale oscillatory zoning as well as Th/U ratio of 0.4~ 1.3, implying their magmatic origin. Zircon dating of two samples indicates 206Pb/238U age of 371~399Ma, weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 374.8±8.1Ma and 392.8±3.3Ma, which are interpreted to be the time of the formation of volcanic rocks. Therefore, it is suggested that the Maoniushan Formation should occur in the Middle-Late Devonian period. Combined with regional characteristics, it is concluded that the formation of volcanic rocks in Maoniushan Formation was related to the evolution of the northern area of the Qaidam Basin, and volcanic rocks were probably formed by lithospheric extension at the post-collision stage.
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表 1 牦牛山组火山岩主量元素分析数据
Table 1. Major element compositions of the volcanic rocks in Maoniushan Formation
% 样品编号 岩性 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MgO CaO Na2O K2O TiO2 MnO P2O5 烧失量 总量 ALK δ A / CNK P3-16 REE1 粗面英安岩 64.69 13.79 2.56 0.50 0.46 2.96 0.14 9.18 0.11 0.043 0.033 4.71 99.17 9.78 3.84 1.12 P3-21 REE1 流纹岩 72.77 11.55 0.74 0.35 0.14 2.15 1.08 8.39 0.10 0.021 0.019 2.46 99.77 9.71 2.98 0.99 P5-3 REE1 流纹岩 71.67 12.03 1.52 0.47 0.80 1.54 1.87 6.06 0.27 0.025 0.053 3.39 99.70 8.20 2.16 1.27 P10-3 REE1 英安质晶屑凝灰岩 62.99 14.10 3.92 1.70 0.85 3.08 3.91 4.50 0.53 0.046 0.20 3.92 99.76 8.76 3.40 1.23 P10-5 REE1 安山玻质岩 61.88 18.57 0.89 2.70 2.77 0.47 9.25 0.12 0.80 0.014 0.27 1.87 99.60 9.54 4.54 1.89 P12-11 REE1 粗面安山岩 53.94 16.83 4.75 2.54 4.12 4.18 6.17 1.18 1.05 0.086 0.16 4.31 99.31 7.69 4.42 1.46 P12-12 REE1 杏仁状流纹岩 71.99 14.08 1.25 0.26 0.19 0.70 2.97 5.96 0.37 0.014 0.082 1.83 99.70 9.10 2.73 1.46 YP07(3) REE1 碳酸盐化流纹岩 70.13 12.62 0.19 0.53 0.91 2.11 3.85 5.70 0.22 0.044 0.055 3.12 99.49 9.86 3.31 1.08 D3450 REE1 流纹岩 73.08 13.41 2.01 0.73 0.29 0.79 4.09 3.52 0.18 0.019 0.033 1.74 99.89 7.74 1.91 1.60 P16-60 REE1 流纹岩 69.65 13.50 0.43 1.88 0.75 2.03 3.44 5.01 0.35 0.041 0.088 2.55 99.73 8.67 2.64 1.29 P19-6 REE1 流纹岩 76.61 10.75 0.47 0.64 0.25 1.55 3.31 3.68 0.12 0.032 0.026 1.92 99.36 7.12 1.45 1.26 P19-30 REE1 流纹岩 67.60 12.08 0.88 0.97 0.83 4.48 1.81 5.36 0.40 0.048 0.066 5.03 99.56 7.55 2.02 1.04 P19-32 REE1 安山岩 55.66 16.77 2.54 4.87 3.96 6.54 3.32 1.93 1.12 0.13 0.251 2.30 99.39 5.38 2.07 1.42 D3560GS1 流纹岩 75.48 12.54 0.74 0.20 0.4 1.18 3.451 3.746 0.0721 0.0177 0.0721 1.78 99.68 7.33 1.59 1.50 D-D7015GS1 凝灰岩 70.81 15.58 1.24 0.43 0.37 1.26 3.50 4.42 0.12 0.016 0.063 2.10 99.90 8.08 2.23 1.70 D4012GS1 安山岩 59.15 16.73 1.22 5.31 2.19 3.55 4.49 1.87 1.10 0.097 0.33 3.35 99.38 6.58 2.38 1.69 P35-35GS1 流纹岩 72.56 14.21 0.81 0.15 0.60 0.68 3.42 4.15 0.069 0.021 0.033 3.35 100.05 7.83 1.91 1.72 表 2 牦牛山组火山岩稀土元素分析数据
Table 2. Rare earth element compositions of the volcanic rocks in Maoniushan Formation
10-6 样品
编号岩性 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ΣREE LREE HREE LREE/
HREELaN/YbN δEu P3-16
REE1粗面英
安岩70.61 157.95 14.39 57.95 10.82 0.87 9.60 1.23 5.59 1.05 3.15 0.45 3.13 0.47 25.56 337.26 312.60 24.66 12.68 16.21 0.26 P3-21
REE1流纹岩 34.60 92.73 8.40 34.67 6.94 0.64 7.28 1.26 7.34 1.52 4.54 0.67 4.39 0.63 35.98 205.61 177.97 27.64 6.44 5.65 0.27 P5-3
REE1流纹岩 27.98 73.95 6.80 28.88 5.81 1.34 6.07 0.97 5.50 1.09 3.20 0.44 2.71 0.40 24.41 165.12 144.74 20.37 7.11 7.41 0.69 P10-3
REE1英安质晶
屑凝灰岩27.96 73.87 6.85 29.98 6.21 1.59 6.40 1.05 5.96 1.24 3.87 0.55 3.56 0.55 34.06 169.64 146.46 23.18 6.32 5.63 0.76 P10-5
REE1安山玻
质岩18.36 43.37 4.64 20.23 4.27 1.34 4.78 0.83 4.91 0.99 2.72 0.38 2.31 0.34 30.29 109.47 92.22 17.25 5.34 5.71 0.90 P12-11
REE1粗面安
山岩13.39 33.75 3.79 17.48 3.97 1.58 4.32 0.73 4.43 0.92 2.82 0.40 2.60 0.40 22.84 90.58 73.96 16.63 4.45 3.70 1.16 P12-12
REE1杏仁状
流纹岩20.03 69.73 5.29 22.82 4.93 1.06 5.03 0.83 4.73 0.96 2.81 0.42 2.70 0.42 29.06 141.76 123.86 17.90 6.92 5.32 0.64 YP07(3)
REE1碳酸盐化
流纹岩82.39 180.17 15.45 61.66 10.05 1.44 9.10 1.05 4.41 0.80 2.46 0.34 2.28 0.35 21.62 371.95 351.17 20.78 16.90 25.94 0.45 D3450
REE1流纹岩 19.02 44.41 4.73 19.61 3.88 1.12 3.80 0.59 3.27 0.64 1.98 0.29 2.02 0.33 15.95 105.69 92.77 12.92 7.18 6.75 0.88 P16-60
REE1流纹岩 22.04 58.65 5.09 20.57 3.97 1.04 3.96 0.61 3.37 0.67 2.13 0.30 1.98 0.30 18.38 124.67 111.36 13.31 8.36 8.00 0.79 P19-6
REE1流纹岩 21.51 63.31 5.88 25.68 5.88 0.59 6.32 1.08 6.65 1.40 4.16 0.62 4.08 0.61 34.50 147.77 122.86 24.91 4.93 3.78 0.30 P19-30
REE1流纹岩 29.30 80.40 7.20 29.61 5.54 1.46 5.38 0.79 4.21 0.84 2.55 0.35 2.34 0.37 25.35 170.33 153.51 16.82 9.13 9.00 0.81 P19-32
REE1安山岩 24.41 66.32 6.23 27.90 5.39 1.62 5.39 0.78 4.16 0.83 2.28 0.30 2.01 0.29 20.26 147.90 131.87 16.03 8.23 8.73 0.91 D3560
GS1流纹岩 17.62 26.12 3.68 13.15 2.48 0.39 1.82 0.24 0.95 0.16 0.48 0.07 0.48 0.08 6.35 67.72 63.46 4.26 14.88 26.50 0.54 D-D7015
GS1凝灰岩 27.12 69.79 5.18 18.51 3.26 0.72 2.63 0.46 1.34 0.38 0.78 0.24 0.75 0.25 8.30 131.42 124.59 6.83 18.25 25.79 0.73 D4012
GS1安山岩 31.74 70.58 7.95 34.50 7.00 1.62 6.35 1.13 5.26 1.26 3.04 0.56 2.60 0.52 32.00 174.10 153.38 20.71 7.41 8.76 0.73 P35-35
GS1流纹岩 23.92 45.18 5.51 20.54 4.01 0.65 2.97 0.39 1.49 0.30 0.71 0.13 0.81 0.12 8.75 106.72 99.80 6.91 14.44 21.12 0.55 表 3 牦牛山组火山岩微量元素分析数据
Table 3. Trace element compositions of the volcanic rocks in Maoniushan Formation
10-6 样品编号 岩性 As Ba Bi Co Cu Ga Hf Mo Nb Ni Pb Rb Sb Sr Ta Th Ti U V Zn Zr P3-16 REE1 粗面英安岩 299 845.6 7.71 7.682 4624 12.74 5.29 3.025 14.35 4.536 23.35 250.1 5.48 38.03 1.379 24.86 672 6.587 11.37 32.32 178.6 P3-21 REE1 流纹岩 448 446.7 7.02 10.98 387.65 13.23 5.56 0.82 13.64 4.17 7.61 210.75 5.74 31.29 1.24 19.28 609 3.64 3.30 9.36 170.2 P5-3 REE1 流纹岩 33.0 715.8 2.99 8.19 131.6 12.37 6.16 0.325 8.313 2.828 5.486 151.9 3.20 40.86 0.884 15.57 1644 3.229 10.98 7.494 204.2 P10-3 REE1 英安质晶屑凝灰岩 20.3 476.6 44.1 8.377 74.35 17.85 8.06 0.868 11.35 3.33 218.6 130.1 23.3 64.61 0.878 13.75 3192 3.045 15.85 27.65 262.2 P10-5 REE1 安山玻质岩 2.29 39.67 3.31 9.545 21.61 18.32 5.05 0.157 11.36 3.67 6.634 30.92 1.80 24.8 0.928 7.815 4814 1.465 30.41 12.94 163 P12-11 REE1 粗面安山岩 6.45 333.9 2.46 22.75 17.84 17.66 4.2 0.409 7.956 44 6.397 62.1 1.51 252.7 0.618 5.615 6272 1.437 118.6 66.46 152.2 P12-12 REE1 杏仁状流纹岩 3.14 499.1 3.17 6.223 18.72 18.41 6.61 0.521 7.451 3.291 33.67 158.1 2.81 39.34 0.727 15.49 2203 3.89 18 66.1 211.6 YP07(3) REE1 碳酸盐化流纹岩 27.8 478.1 0.28 7.05 1.842 14.73 7.52 1.406 8.625 2.093 178.1 100.1 9.01 40.29 0.472 14.54 1347 3.256 6.845 329.4 250.8 D3450 REE1 流纹岩 1.13 646.5 0.16 7.56 3.81 15.48 9.01 0.32 10.38 1.33 40.78 128.65 0.69 92.43 0.74 12.22 1074 1.78 2.34 119.70 312.8 P16-60 REE1 流纹岩 3.15 640.9 0.27 8.537 1.903 14.26 4.56 0.552 5.731 12.3 14.42 159.1 0.93 65.68 0.654 12.64 2121 3.177 33.25 41.25 150.1 P19-6 REE1 流纹岩 3.97 424.1 0.32 7.183 4.972 13.77 4.36 0.459 11.27 5.74 26.38 139.9 0.75 64.84 0.922 18.91 714 3.819 7.669 25.96 131.4 P19-30 REE1 流纹岩 9.54 1058 0.48 5.984 7.299 14.41 5.05 2.444 9.816 7.846 29.43 207.4 0.71 84.25 0.748 11.88 2420 3.391 44.66 32.46 176.5 P19-32 REE1 安山岩 2.60 582.1 0.07 20.04 18.12 18.7 4.89 1.152 12.12 17.19 14.52 66.38 0.55 355.5 0.631 6.929 6688 1.458 138.8 88.92 177.9 D3560GS1 流纹岩 584 13.4 2.511 2.85 16.4 5.6 130.6 228.9 1.31 10.8 2.001 5.23 89.4 D-D7015GS1 凝灰岩 753 2.93 4.11 13.1 1 148.85 258.9 1.16 12.3 3.07 7.16 74.77 131 D4012GS1 安山岩 398 16.7 6.61 9.73 3.17 63.15 246.5 0.77 10.2 2.35 76.2 74.2 253 P35-35GS1 流纹岩 517 11.2 3.34 10.8 1.01 145.47 183.9 1.08 9.08 2.84 3.12 47.775 99.5 表 4 牦牛山组火山岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Th-Pb 年龄测定结果
Table 4. LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb ages of zircons from the volcanic rocks in Maoniushan Formation
测点 Pb
/10-6Th
/10-6U
/10-6Th/U 207Pb
/235U1σ 206Pb
/238U1σ 206Pb/238U
年龄/Ma1σ 谐和
度/%YP07(3)TW1流纹岩 01 26 185 424 0.45 0.447 0.010 0.061 0.001 380 8 -1.32 02 14 105 233 0.46 0.445 0.011 0.059 0.001 372 8 0.54 03 21 162 387 0.42 0.581 0.016 0.055 0.001 338 9 14.20 04 15 121 250 0.48 0.410 0.015 0.058 0.001 373 11 -4.38 05 - 234 539 0.45 0.011 0.055 0.001 0.001 343 8 9.33 06 12 214 198 1.09 0.456 0.016 0.059 0.001 371 9 2.96 07 8 63 140 0.44 0.482 0.014 0.060 0.001 379 8 3.09 08 30 203 502 0.42 0.450 0.019 0.059 0.001 371 9 2.16 09 21 153 352 0.45 0.457 0.016 0.059 0.001 371 9 2.96 10 9 101 158 0.66 0.447 0.021 0.060 0.001 376 9 -0.27 11 16 117 265 0.44 0.473 0.010 0.061 0.001 380 8 3.42 12 22 168 366 0.47 0.442 0.011 0.060 0.001 373 9 -0.27 13 20 273 329 0.83 0.453 0.019 0.060 0.001 377 9 0.80 14 23 170 396 0.43 0.500 0.013 0.058 0.001 363 8 13.22 15 9 72 156 0.46 0.441 0.014 0.059 0.001 371 9 0.00 16 11 81 185 0.44 0.477 0.014 0.060 0.001 373 9 6.17 17 18 134 298 0.45 0.569 0.013 0.061 0.001 375 9 7.20 18 19 172 366 0.47 0.579 0.019 0.051 0.001 317 8 10.73 19 23 174 395 0.44 0.430 0.016 0.059 0.001 371 11 -2.16 20 13 199 209 0.95 0.484 0.010 0.060 0.001 378 9 3.62 21 20 145 338 0.43 0.490 0.010 0.059 0.001 368 8 10.05 22 27 214 456 0.47 0.445 0.011 0.060 0.001 375 9 -0.27 23 17 133 296 0.45 0.444 0.013 0.058 0.001 373 8 2.47 YP07(3)TW1流纹岩 24 8 59 140 0.42 1.115 1.012 0.060 0.001 375 9 -0.27 D3450TW1流纹岩 01 12 117 198 0.59 0.474 0.009 0.063 0.001 392 6 0.51 02 35 320 552 0.58 0.514 0.010 0.064 0.001 399 6 5.51 03 13 203 199 1.02 0.505 0.021 0.063 0.001 392 7 5.87 04 12 102 186 0.55 0.566 0.018 0.063 0.001 393 6 15.78 05 16 137 254 0.54 0.471 0.012 0.063 0.001 392 6 0.00 06 22 198 354 0.56 0.478 0.013 0.062 0.001 390 6 1.79 07 26 232 415 0.56 0.485 0.009 0.063 0.001 392 6 2.30 08 25 346 389 0.89 0.473 0.008 0.063 0.001 395 6 -0.51 09 22 202 355 0.57 0.665 0.014 0.063 0.001 396 6 30.81 10 20 157 275 0.57 1.133 0.026 0.072 0.001 445 7 72.81 11 24 224 386 0.58 0.472 0.009 0.063 0.001 392 6 0.26 12 19 253 266 0.95 0.641 0.012 0.072 0.001 446 6 12.78 13 32 270 500 0.54 0.473 0.009 0.063 0.001 393 6 0.00 14 16 233 423 0.55 0.285 0.006 0.038 0.001 242 3 4.96 15 16 142 259 0.55 0.467 0.013 0.062 0.001 391 6 0.78 16 23 211 363 0.58 0.487 0.009 0.063 0.001 393 6 2.54 17 24 206 375 0.55 0.470 0.010 0.063 0.001 392 6 -0.26 18 10 126 159 0.79 0.620 0.015 0.062 0.001 389 6 26.29 19 13 112 203 0.55 0.555 0.010 0.064 0.001 399 6 12.28 20 12 102 189 0.54 0.477 0.010 0.063 0.001 393 6 0.76 -
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