Some suggestions on geological survey in the background of world energy transformation
-
摘要:
为应对全球气候变化,以新能源替代化石燃料和核燃料为特征的世界能源转型正快速推进,绿色、低碳、环保成为时代发展的代名词。在这场能源变革中,世界各国由于资源禀赋、能源消费结构、政策法律等方面的差异,应对能源转型的方式、做法也各不相同。英国以页岩气、地热等地下能源资源的利用及其相关基础设施建设和技术开发为重点;美国继续推进页岩气革命,加强天然气水合物预研究,同时强化传统化石能源利用的基础研究;欧盟则主要从整合区内市场、建立能源联盟的角度,增强自身能源安全保障。各国地调机构作为技术支撑力量,多聚焦于非常规能源资源的潜力评价、开发技术研究、关键技术装备研发、水力压裂的环境影响等,支撑服务于各国能源转型。鉴于中国的资源国情,提出以页岩气、天然气水合物、地热资源调查为重点,建世界顶级研发中心,推动非常规油气科技攻关,做好非常规油气开发前期技术储备,同时加强天然气定价机制研究,推动上海建立国际LNG交易中心等建议。
Abstract:In order to cope with global climate change, the world energy transformation characterized by new energy resources replacing fossil fuels and nuclear fuels is rapidly advancing. Green, low carbon and environmental protection have become synonymous with the development of the times. In such a background, different countries practise different ways to deal with energy transformation due to differences in such aspects as resource endowments, energy consumption structure, and policy. For example, the United Kingdom focuses on the use of underground energy resources such as shale gas and geothermal energy and its associated infrastructure and technology; the United States continues to promote shale gas revolution, strengthen pre-research on gas hydrate, and strengthen basic research on traditional fossil energy use; The EU mainly focuses on integrating the regional market and establishing energy alliance so as to enhance its own energy security. As the technical support force, geological survey has been focusing on the potential evaluation of unconventional energy resources, research on developing technology, key technology equipment and environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing, with the purpose of supporting the national energy transformation. In view of China's national resources conditions, it is proposed to focus on such aspects as shale gas, gas hydrate and geothermal resources, building the world's top R & D center, promoting unconventional oil and gas research, doing a good pre-technical reserves on oil and gas development, strengthening the natural gas pricing mechanism research, and promoting the establishment of international LNG trading center in Shanghai.
-
Key words:
- climate change /
- energy transformation /
- geological survey /
- unconventional oil and gas
-
图 1 国际机构对可再生能源技术发展的预测与现实情况对比[2]
Figure 1.
-
[1] 新华网国际频道《. 巴黎协定》开启2020年后全球气候治理新阶段[EB/OL](2015-12-14)[2017-02-26] http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/bldh/.2015.
[2] WWF. 15 signals evidence the energy transition is underway[EB/OL] (2016-09-15)[2016-12-18] http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/15_signals_for_energy_transition_report.pdf.2016.
[3] WWF. Green Bonds must keep the green promise[EB/OL] (2016-06-17)[2016-12-16] http://linkis.com/climatechangenews.com/Green_bonds_must_kee.html.2016.
[4] IEA Energy Agency. Renewable electricity generation climbs to sec-ond place after coal[EB/OL] (2015-05-08)[2016-12-26] http://www.4-traders.com/news/IEA-Energy-Agency-Renewableelectricity-generation-climbs-to-second-place-after-coal——20821796/.2015.
[5] IRENA. Renewable Energy and Jobs:Annual Review 2016[EB/OL] (2016-06-12)[2016-12-22] http://www.irena.org/Document-Downloads/Publications/IRENA_RE_Jobs_Annual_Review_2016.pdf.2016.
[6] Vorrath S. Renewables Supplied 90% Of Germany's Electricity On Sunday[EB/OL](2016-05-11)[2017-02-24] https://cleantechnica.com/2016/05/11/renewables-supplied-90-germanys-electricitysunday/.2016.
[7] U.S. Energy Information Administration. International Energy Out-look 2016[EB/OL] (2016-05-27)[2016-12-28] http://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/pdf/0484(2016).pdf.2016.
[8] IEA. Progress toward sustainable energy 2015[EB/OL](2015-10-18)[2016-12-25] http://www.environmentportal.in/files/file/GTF-2105-Full-Report.pdf.2015.
[9] NERC. NERC Delivery Plan 2016-2020[EB/OL] (2016-05-04)[2016-12-16] http://www.nerc.ac.uk/about/perform/reporting/re-ports/deliveryplan2016-2020.2016.
[10] NERC. NERC publishes ESIOS Science Plan[EB/OL](2016-07-15)[2016-12-18] http://www.nerc.ac.uk/press/releases/2016/35-esios/.2016.
[11] Boersma T. Natural gas in the United States in 2016:Problem child and poster child[EB/OL](2016-07-25)[2016-12-18] https://www.brookings.edu/research/natural-gas-in-the-united-states-in-2016-problem-child-and-poster-child/.2016.
[12] DOE. DOE Announces.8 Million Investment in New Methane Gas Hydrate Research[EB/OL](2016-09-15)[2016-12-22] http://energy.gov/fe/articles/doe-announces-38-million-investmentnew-methane-gas-hydrate-research.2016.
[13] NETL. NETL Launches a University Coalition for Fossil Energy Research at Pennsylvania State University[EB/OL] (2016-05-11)[2016-12-16] http://energy.gov/fe/articles/netl-launches-univer-sity-coalition-fossil-energy-research-pennsylvania-state-univer-sity.2016.
[14] Rafael Leal-Arcas, Jan Schmitz. Unconventional energy sources and EU energy security:a legal, economic and political analysis[J]. Oil, Gas & Energy Law Intelligence, 2014, 12(4):1-38.
[15] 张家政, 陆程, 黄霞. 日本天然气水合物的开发情况[EB/OL](2016-01-13)[2017-02-18] http://app.chinamining.com.cn/Newspaper/E_Mining_News_2013/2016-01-13/1452696978d90370.html.2016.
[16] Stern J. The new Japanese LNG strategy:a major step towards hubbased gas pricing in Asia[M]. The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, OXFORD, 2016.
[17] AG-DE. Researchers and industry to work together on new re-newable energy projects[EB/OL](2016-04-13)[2016-12-19] http://www.environment.gov.au/minister/hunt/2016/mr20160413a.ht-ml.2016.
[18] Prime Minister for the Environment. Turnbull Government taking strong new approach to clean and renewable energy innovation in Australia[EB/OL] (2016-03-23)[2016-12-22] http://www.pm.gov.au/media/2016-03-23/turnbull-government-taking-strongnew-approach-clean-and-renewable-energy.2016.
[19] BGS. Energy research at the British Geological Survey set to accel-erate following £180m investment[EB/OL](2015-11-26)[2016-12-16] http://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/docs/ERA_Autumn_State-ment_2015_PR.pdf.2015.
[20] BGS. BGS position on the fracking decision in the UK[EB/OL] (2016-10-06)[2016-12-16] http://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/docs/BGSMediaStatementCuadrillaDecisionOctober2016.pdf.2016.
[21] USGS. USGS Estimates 66 Trillion Cubic Feet of Natural Gas in Colorado's Mancos Shale Formation[EB/OL](2016-06-08)[2016-12-28] https://www.usgs.gov/news/usgs-estimates-66-trillioncubic-feet-natural-gas-colorado-s-mancos-shale-formation.2016.
[22] 新华网. 国务院办公厅《能源发展战略行动计划 (2014-2020年)》全文[EB/OL](2014-11-20)[2017-02-16] http://news.xin-huanet.com/energy/2014-11/20/c_127231835.htm.2014.
[23] 中央政府门户网站. 国家能源局、财政部、国土资源部、住房和城乡建设部关于促进地热能开发利用的指导意见 (国能新能[2013] 48号)[EB/OL](2013-02-07)[2017-02-16] http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-02/07/content_2329361.htm.2013.
[24] 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会. 关于印发《地热能开发利用"十三五"规划》的通知 (发改能源[2017] 158号)[EB/OL] (2017-01-23)[2017-02-28] http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfb-ghwb/201702/t20170204_837204.html.2017.