THE MAJOR ACTIVE FAULTS AND REGIONAL CRUSTAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT IN THE AREA OF CITY GROUP IN CENTRAL YUNNAN
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摘要:
结合前人资料的系统梳理、遥感解译及地表调查结果，对滇中城市群地区的活动断裂进行活动程度分级，得到该区“5纵2横”13条主要活动断裂的构造体系分布格局。按断裂活动强弱程度对城镇及重要工程的影响不同，对滇中城市群地区城镇和“十三五”及中长期规划的重大工程开展活动断裂影响调查研究，表明活动断裂是影响和制约该区城镇规划及重大工程建设的主要地质因素。综合考虑活动断裂活动程度、岩性特征和地形变化3因素进行的区域地壳稳定性评价初步结果表明，该区的“极不稳定区”、“不稳定区”和“次不稳定区”约占全区面积三分之一。
Abstract:Combining previous data, active fault remote sensing interpretation and geological field survey, we classify the active faults into four classes according the fault activity in city group of central Yunan. They are faults with very high activity rate, faults with high activity rate, faults with moderate activity rate and faults with low activity rate. It shows that there are thirteen main active faults zone in the study area, with an image of "5 longitudinal and 2 lateral" fault zones. The study of the active fault affection on the main project reveals that the active faults are the key geological factor that restricts the layout of the cities and the main projects. The regional crustal stability assessment is calculated by the three factors of faults, rocks and slopes. The result suggests that most areas of the city group of central Yunnan is "unstable", one-third of the city group area is "extremely unstable region", "unstable region" or "sub unstable region".
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表 1 滇中城市群M≥6级地震一览表
Table 1. Earthquakes with M≥6 in the city group area of central Yunnan
序号 发震时间 经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 深度/km 震级 发震断层 1 1500-01-13 103.1 24.9 0 7.00 小江断裂东支 2 1571-09-19 102.8 24.1 0 6.25 小江断裂西支 3 1680-09-09 101.6 25.0 0 6.75 南华-楚门断裂 4 1713-02-26 103.3 25.6 0 6.75 小江断裂东支 5 1725-01-08 103.1 25.1 0 6.75 小江断裂西支 6 1733-08-02 103.1 26.3 0 7.75 小江断裂东支 7 1750-09-15 102.9 24.7 0 6.25 小江断裂东支 8 1755-01-27 102.2 24.7 0 6.50 会理—易门断裂 9 1761-05-23 102.6 24.4 0 6.25 小江断裂西支 10 1763-12-30 102.8 24.2 0 6.50 小江断裂西支 11 1789-06-07 102.9 24.2 0 7.00 小江断裂东支 12 1833-09-06 103.0 25.0 0 8.00 小江断裂西支 13 1909-05-11 103.0 24.4 0 6.00 小江断裂西支 14 1909-05-11 103.0 24.4 0 6.50 小江断裂东支 15 1913-12-21 102.5 24.2 0 7.00 峨山断裂 16 1913-12-22 102.5 24.2 0 6.00 峨山断裂 17 1927-03-15 103.0 26.0 0 6.00 18 1962-06-24 101.2 25.2 0 6.20 南华—楚雄断裂 19 1966-02-05 103.1 26.1 0 6.50 小江断裂西支 20 1966-02-13 103.1 26.1 0 6.20 小江断裂西支 21 1970-01-05 102.7 24.2 13 7.80 峨山断裂 22 1985-04-18 102.9 25.9 5 6.20 23 1995-10-24 102.2 25.9 0 6.50 会理—易门断裂 24 2000-01-15 101.1 25.5 0 6.50 25 2003-07-21 101.2 26.0 0 6.20 26 2003-10-16 101.3 26.0 0 6.10 27 2009-07-09 101.0 25.6 6 6.30 地震数据来源：中国地震信息网 
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表 2 不同强度活动断裂影响区域的分值取值标准一览表
Table 2. Assignment in different regions along the different active faults
断裂类型 与断裂的距离/km 原始分值 权重分值(权重0.6) 极强活动断裂 0~10 1.35 0.81 10~20 1.2 0.72 20~50 1.0 0.60 中强活动断裂 0~5 1.2 0.72 5~10 1.0 0.60 10~30 0.8 0.48 中等活动断裂 0~2.5 0.8 0.48 2.5~5 0.6 0.36 5~15 0.5 0.30 弱活动断裂 0~1 0.6 0.36 1~2 0.5 0.30 2~5 0.2 0.12
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表 3 不同坡度范围的分值取值标准一览表
Table 3. Assignment for the different areas with different slopes
坡度范围/(°) 原始分值 权重分值(权重0.3) ≥45 0.5 0.15 25~45 0.6 0.18 10~25 0.2 0.06 5~10 0.1 0.03 ＜5 0 0
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表 4 不同岩土体性质分值取值标准一览表
Table 4. Assignment for different rocks
岩性范围 原始分值 权重分值(权重0.1) 新近世以来的沉积物N+Q 0.1 0.01 老地层 0 0 岩体(侵入岩和老变质岩) -0.2 -0.02
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表 5 滇中城市群13条重要活动断裂带及其主要影响的城镇一览表
Table 5. Main 13 active faults and main cities affected by these active faults in city group area in central Yunnan
断裂带
编号断裂带
名称主要断裂名称 长度/
km走向 运动
性质活动性 ≥6级
地震/个最大活动速率/
(mm·a-1)活动强弱
程度分级最新活动
时代主要受影响
城镇F1 曲靖—陆良断裂 三岔河断裂(F1-1)；
曲靖断裂(F1-2)160 近南北 左旋
兼正断较显著 — —
—中等
中等全新世 曲靖市，沾益县，陆良县 F2 小江断裂带 小江断裂北段(F2-1) 8.6 强烈 小江断裂带西支 嵩明断裂(F2-2)
澄江断裂(F2-3)
江川断裂(F2-4)
路居断裂(F2-5)270 近南北 左旋走滑 显著 6≤M＜7：2
7≤M＜8：39.5 强烈(澄江断裂和
江川断裂
为中强)全新世 寻甸县，宜良县，华宁县 小江断裂带东支 东川断裂(F2-6)
通甸断裂(F2-7)
宜良断裂(F2-8)
华宁断裂西支(F2-9)
盘溪断裂(F2-10)270 近南北 左旋走滑 显著 6≤M＜7：5
7≤M＜8：1
M≥8：18 强烈 全新世 嵩明县，澄江县，川江县 F3 普渡河
断裂带普渡河断裂(F3-1)
玉溪断裂(F3-2)230 近南北 左旋走滑 较显著 6≤M＜7：1 — 中等 全新世 昆明市，普宁县，玉溪市 F4 会理—易门断裂带 会理—易门断裂 220 近南北 左旋走滑 较显著 6≤M＜7：2 — 中等 全新世 易门县 F5 元谋—绿汁江
断裂带元谋断裂(F5-1)
平浪断裂(F5-2)
绿汁江断裂(F5-3)149 近南北 左旋走滑 较显著 — — 中强
中等
中等全新世 元谋县 F6 红河断裂带 红河断裂带 230 北西 右旋走滑 较显著 — ＜2 中等 全新世 F7 南华—楚雄断裂 南华—楚雄断裂 140 北西 右旋走滑 显著 6≤M＜7：2 — 中等 全新世 南华县，楚雄市 F8 石屏断裂 石屏断裂 50 北西 右旋走滑 显著 — 3.5 中强 全新世 南华县，楚雄市 F9 牟定断裂 牟定断裂 北西 — — 弱 姚安县，牟定县 F10 峨山断裂 峨山断裂 106 北西 右旋走滑 显著 6≤M＜7:1
7≤M＜8:13.2 中强 全新世 F11 会泽断裂 会泽断裂 100 北东 右旋走滑 较显著 — — 弱 更新世 会泽县 F12 寻甸—宣威断裂 寻甸—宣威断裂 160 北东 右旋走滑 较显著 — — 弱 更新世 寻甸，宣威 F13 弥勒—富源断裂 弥勒—富源断裂 150 北东 右旋走滑 较显著 — — 中等-弱 更新世 富源县
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表 6 滇中城市群地区在建及规划主要铁路及其受活动断裂影响统计表
Table 6. The main under construction and planning rail affected by active faults in city group of central Yunnan
铁路名称 线路长度/
km活动断裂
数量/条受影响程度
(断裂数量/累计受影响长度)累计受影响长度占比/% 严重 中等 轻 严重 中等 轻度 小计 中缅铁路通道 85 6 0 1/54 5/19 0 63.5 22.4 85.9 中老泰铁路通道 216 18 2/65 2/38 14/45 30.1 20.1 23.8 74.0 云桂铁路 75 14 3/38 4/5 7/15 50.7 6.7 20 77.3 中越铁路通道 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 南昆铁路 228 22 4/36 10/25 8/6 15.8 11.0 2.6 29.4 渝昆铁路 242 19 2/89 1/18 16/55 36.8 7.4 22.73 66.9 沪昆高铁 184 17 5/34 3/20 9/34 18.5 10.9 18.5 47.8 成昆铁路 252 16 0 4/37 12/60 0 14.7 23.8 38.5 总计 1282 112 16/262 15/197 71/234 20.4 15.4 18.3 54.1 注：中等影响累计长度，不计在严重影响区内的长度；轻度影响累计长度，不计在在严重影响区内和中等影响区中的长度；中越铁路通道在滇中城市群地区内与云桂铁路为同一段，不再重复计算
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表 7 滇中引水工程受活动断裂影响统计表
Table 7. The central Yunnan diversion project affected by active faults in city group of central Yunnan
工程名称 工程长度/
km直接产生
影响的活动
断裂数量/条受影响程度(断裂数量/
累计受影响长度)累计受影响长度占比/% 严重 中等 轻 严重 中等 轻 总 楚雄段(万家—罗茨) 141 7 0 2/11 5/18 0 7.8 12.8 20.6 昆明段(罗茨—新庄) 115 20 1/20 3/29 16/34 17.4 25.2 29.6 72.2 玉溪红河段(新庄新坡背) 85 13 2/26 2/11 9/8 30.6 13.0 9.4 52.9 合计 341 40 3/46 7/51 30/60 13.5 15.0 17.6 46.1 注：表中相应统计项的含义与表 6相同
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表 8 骨干光缆工程受活动断裂影响程度统计表
Table 8. The main optical cable project affected by active faults in city group of central Yunnan
光缆名称 光缆长度/
km直接产生
影响的活动
断裂数量/条受影响程度
(断裂数量/累计受影响长度)累计受影响长度占比/% 严重 中等 轻 严重 中等 轻 总计 国干光缆 1116 71 8/140 16/232 47/199 12.5 20.8 17.8 51.2 省干光缆 774 75 5/171 13/158 57/302 22.1 20.4 39.0 81.5 合计 1890 146 13/311 29/390 104/501 16.5 20.6 26.5 63.6 注：表中相应统计项的含义与表 6相同
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表 9 主要石油天然气管道工程受活动断裂影响程度统计表
Table 9. the main Oil and natural gas pipeline affected by active faults in city group of central Yunnan
管道名称 管道工程
长度/km直接产生
影响的活动
断裂数量/条受影响程度(断裂数量/
累计受影响长度)累计受影响长度占比/% 严重 中等 轻度 严重 中等 轻度 总计 中缅原油管道 155 8 0 2/16 6/24 0 10.3 15.5 25.8 已建成品油管道 928 57 4/107 9/227 44/236 11.5 24.5 25.4 61.4 已建中缅天然气支干线 362 26 2/38 4/82 20/109 10.5 22.7 30.1 63.3 省内已建及在建天然气支线 223 30 4/72 8/40 18/49 32.3 17.9 21.9 72.1 省内规划建设天然气支线 550 31 2/41 6/78 23/101 7.5 14.2 18.4 40.0 合计 2218 152 12/258 29/443 111/519 11.6 20.0 23.4 55.0 注：表中相应统计项的含义与表 6相同
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