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摘要:
晚白垩世拉萨板块与羌南-保山板块陆陆碰撞事件是青藏高原形成与演化研究的热点。西藏阿索地区的晚白垩世竟柱山组和马莫勒组是阿索地区该时期最具代表性的沉积记录。目前有关其形成时代及沉积环境的研究非常薄弱，限制了对于区域构造背景等方面的认识。对西藏阿索地区的晚白垩世竟柱山组的形成时代、沉积环境进行了研究。碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明，竟柱山组碎屑锆石样品中的最小单颗粒锆石年龄为89±5 Ma，阿索地区竟柱山组南部侵入的闪长岩岩脉获得了88 Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄，进一步表明竟柱山组的沉积时代应在90 Ma左右。结合该地区同时代马莫勒组的研究成果，认为竟柱山组沉积于冲积扇环境，而马莫勒组为辫状河-三角洲环境。在沉积物源方面，竟柱山组物源更偏向汇聚环境下的岛弧，而马莫勒组则具有更复杂的物源。竟柱山组和马莫勒组作为拉萨-羌塘板块碰撞造山作用在地表的沉积响应，共同记录了晚白垩世的地壳抬升过程。
Abstract:The continent-continent collision between Lhasa plate and Qiangtang-Baoshan plate has been a spotlight in the study of Tibetan Plateau's formation and evolution.In Asa area, Late Cretaceous Jingzhushan Formation and Mamole Formation are the most representative deposits in that time.However, the limited research on their ages and sedimentary environment has limited the understanding of the regional tectonic background.This paper reports the studies on the age and sedimentary environment of the Late Cretaceous Jingzhushan Formation in Asa of Tibet.The detrital zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results show that the smallest single grain zircon obtained from the Jingzhushan Formation yields age of 89±5 Ma.The diorite dyke intruding into the south part of Jingzhushan Formation gives a zircon U-Pb age of 88 Ma, which further indicates that the sedimentary age of the Jingzhushan Formation in this area should be around 90 Ma.Combined with the research results of the contemporary Mamole Formation in this area, it is suggested that the Jingzhushan Formation was deposited in the alluvial fan environment, while the Mamole Formation in the braided river-delta environment.In terms of sediment sources, the source of Jingzhushan Formation tends to be an island arc provenance under converging environment, while the Mamole Formation has a more complicated source.The Jingzhushan Formation and the Mamole Formation, as the sedimentary response of the Lhasa-Qiangtang plate collision orogeny on the surface, jointly record the crustal uplift process in the Late Cretaceous.
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Key words:
- Tibet /
- Late Cretaceous /
- detrital zircom /
- Jingzhushan Formation /
- sedimentary environment /
- zircon U-Pb dating
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图 4 竟柱山组碎屑锆石阴极发光图像及锆石分析点位置和年龄(a)、锆石U-Pb年龄谐和曲线(b)、竟柱山组与马莫勒组碎屑锆石概率密度及核密度估计曲线(c)
Figure 4.
表 1 拉萨板块晚白垩世地层时代
Table 1. Late Cretaceous deposition dating in Lhasa block
研究地区 沉积时代 方法 参考文献 尼玛盆地南部 < 99 Ma 火山凝灰岩锆石U-Pb [5] 尼玛盆地南部 90~100 Ma 火山凝灰岩锆石U-Pb、碎屑锆石 [18] 尼玛盆地南部 塞诺曼期 植物孢粉化石 [19] 改则扎西错东南 79 Ma(YSG) 碎屑锆石 [20] 革吉唐杂 92~96 Ma 圆笠虫化石、碎屑锆石 [21] 阿索马莫勒 < 99 Ma 碎屑锆石 [22] 日土县班公湖西 96~73 Ma 软体动物化石、石英ERS测年、磁性地层学 [23] 比如盆地 约83 Ma 安山岩K-Ar [24] 措勤虾格子 < 96 Ma，约91 Ma 火山凝灰岩锆石U-Pb、碎屑锆石 [25] 措勤塔惹增 晚白垩世 珊瑚化石 [26] 
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表 2 西藏尼玛县阿索乡山嘎勒上白垩统竟柱山组碎屑锆石测年数据
Table 2. Detrital zircon U-Pb dating data of Upper Cretaceous Jingzhushan Formation in the Shangale,Asa,Nima County,Tibet
测点号 含量/10 -6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Th U Pb 207Pb/ 206Pb 1σ 207Pb/ 235U 1σ 206Pb/ 238U 1σ 207Pb/ 206Pb 1σ 207Pb/ 235U 1σ 206Pb/ 238U 1σ 最佳年龄 1σ N17T3-01 86.69 112.68 2.71 0.77 0.04851 0.00319 0.13182 0.00863 0.01971 0.00028 124 120 126 8 126 2 126 2 N17T3-02 61.59 124.1 2.78 0.5 0.04842 0.00269 0.13145 0.00727 0.01969 0.00027 120 99 125 7 126 2 126 2 N17T3-03 119.63 229.16 5.12 0.52 0.04859 0.0018 0.13192 0.00486 0.01969 0.00025 128 62 126 4 126 2 126 2 N17T3-04 136.11 230.96 5.28 0.59 0.04862 0.00176 0.13225 0.00477 0.01972 0.00025 130 61 126 4 126 2 126 2 N17T3-05 155.87 257.1 56.56 0.61 0.07651 0.00127 1.97729 0.03384 0.18741 0.00219 1108 17 1108 12 1107 12 1108 17 N17T3-06 94.26 197.66 4.35 0.48 0.04856 0.00193 0.13118 0.00519 0.01959 0.00025 127 68 125 5 125 2 125 2 N17T3-07 99.05 99 2.54 1 0.04848 0.00374 0.13174 0.01012 0.0197 0.00028 123 145 126 9 126 2 126 2 N17T3-08 78.62 128.93 2.94 0.61 0.04851 0.00358 0.13108 0.00961 0.01959 0.00029 124 136 125 9 125 2 125 2 N17T3-09 86.58 142.21 3.29 0.61 0.04851 0.00298 0.13165 0.00805 0.01968 0.00027 124 112 126 7 126 2 126 2 N17T3-10 166.48 237.41 5.59 0.7 0.04841 0.00186 0.13111 0.00502 0.01964 0.00025 119 65 125 5 125 2 125 2 N17T3-11 112.73 181.11 4.02 0.62 0.04781 0.00312 0.12366 0.00802 0.01876 0.00026 90 118 118 7 120 2 120 2 N17T3-12 74.92 192.05 8.29 0.39 0.05108 0.00152 0.27383 0.00816 0.03887 0.00048 244 46 246 7 246 3 246 3 N17T3-13 149.18 239.88 5.57 0.62 0.04944 0.0023 0.13408 0.0062 0.01967 0.00026 169 83 128 6 126 2 126 2 N17T3-14 327.51 442.12 8.11 0.74 0.04802 0.00141 0.09988 0.00293 0.01508 0.00019 100 46 97 3 96 1 96 1 N17T3-15 135.81 211.27 4.41 0.64 0.04827 0.00235 0.11798 0.00572 0.01773 0.00023 113 85 113 5 113 1 113 1 N17T3-17 132.76 299.6 9.16 0.44 0.04954 0.00157 0.18651 0.0059 0.0273 0.00033 173 51 174 5 174 2 174 2 N17T3-18 137.27 244.13 5.26 0.56 0.04832 0.00223 0.12253 0.00564 0.01839 0.00024 115 80 117 5 117 2 117 2 N17T3-20 73.84 135.03 3.08 0.55 0.0483 0.00309 0.1314 0.00836 0.01973 0.00027 114 117 125 8 126 2 126 2 N17T3-21 296.02 237.04 26.81 1.25 0.05611 0.00114 0.63113 0.01295 0.08157 0.00098 457 25 497 8 505 6 505 6 N17T3-22 227.3 379.85 7.91 0.6 0.04632 0.00139 0.11434 0.00341 0.0179 0.00023 14 40 110 3 114 1 114 1 N17T3-23 143.56 207.19 4.65 0.69 0.04905 0.00185 0.12731 0.00475 0.01882 0.00025 150 62 122 4 120 2 120 2 N17T3-24 77.15 194.46 3.73 0.4 0.04812 0.00216 0.11525 0.00511 0.01737 0.00025 105 74 111 5 111 2 111 2 N17T3-25 86.67 163.78 3.79 0.53 0.05294 0.00265 0.14701 0.00726 0.02014 0.00031 326 84 139 6 129 2 129 2 N17T3-26 197.07 249.68 6.41 0.79 0.05101 0.00158 0.14638 0.00451 0.02081 0.00027 241 47 139 4 133 2 133 2 N17T3-27 158.94 227.57 5.28 0.7 0.0465 0.00166 0.12354 0.00437 0.01926 0.00025 24 52 118 4 123 2 123 2 N17T3-28 427.25 763.65 17.75 0.56 0.05032 0.00107 0.14018 0.00301 0.0202 0.00024 210 28 133 3 129 2 129 2 N17T3-29 78.66 108.18 2.7 0.73 0.04989 0.00271 0.14233 0.00762 0.02069 0.00032 190 95 135 7 132 2 132 2 N17T3-30 277.03 381.58 48.9 0.73 0.06183 0.00109 0.8954 0.01614 0.10501 0.00124 668 20 649 9 644 7 644 7 N17T3-31 341.84 516.55 10.93 0.66 0.04785 0.00124 0.11704 0.00304 0.01774 0.00022 92 38 112 3 113 1 113 1 N17T3-32 144.08 353.59 98.15 0.41 0.09038 0.00252 2.8884 0.07248 0.23178 0.00282 1434 54 1379 19 1344 15 1434 54 N17T3-33 91.21 243.11 5.35 0.38 0.05039 0.00182 0.13766 0.00493 0.01981 0.00027 213 58 131 4 126 2 126 2 N17T3-34 105.25 243.11 5.47 0.43 0.04923 0.00163 0.13638 0.00448 0.02009 0.00026 159 53 130 4 128 2 128 2 N17T3-35 160.5 258.93 98.35 0.62 0.1068 0.0018 4.59933 0.07981 0.31229 0.00368 1746 16 1749 14 1752 18 1746 16 N17T3-36 366.34 778.94 28.76 0.47 0.05323 0.00111 0.23611 0.00498 0.03216 0.00039 339 27 215 4 204 2 204 2 N17T3-37 126.02 239.02 5.41 0.53 0.04767 0.00207 0.12942 0.00554 0.01969 0.00028 83 70 124 5 126 2 126 2 N17T3-38 145.04 155.63 4.02 0.93 0.04835 0.00209 0.13412 0.00573 0.02011 0.00028 116 73 128 5 128 2 128 2 N17T3-39 51.81 138.27 11.78 0.37 0.05711 0.00137 0.60316 0.01454 0.07658 0.00095 496 32 479 9 476 6 476 6 N17T3-40 222.52 350.14 7.89 0.64 0.04797 0.00158 0.1242 0.00406 0.01878 0.00025 98 52 119 4 120 2 120 2 N17T3-41 35.21 52.23 1.15 0.67 0.04263 0.00482 0.10772 0.01205 0.01832 0.00037 143 170 104 11 117 2 117 2 N17T3-44 449.45 725.1 16.93 0.62 0.05011 0.00127 0.13682 0.00347 0.0198 0.00025 200 36 130 3 126 2 126 2 N17T3-45 565.77 600.68 14.79 0.94 0.04927 0.00133 0.12914 0.00348 0.01901 0.00024 161 40 123 3 121 2 121 2 N17T3-46 81.88 101.65 2.56 0.81 0.04811 0.00384 0.12784 0.00998 0.01927 0.00031 105 179 122 9 123 2 123 2 N17T3-47 57.04 526.81 11.4 0.11 0.04854 0.00126 0.14168 0.00369 0.02117 0.00026 126 38 135 3 135 2 135 2 N17T3-48 112.82 521.35 16.15 0.22 0.05238 0.00142 0.21507 0.00584 0.02978 0.00038 302 39 198 5 189 2 189 2 N17T3-49 289.04 482 114.08 0.6 0.07832 0.00139 2.12804 0.03885 0.19703 0.00233 1155 19 1158 13 1159 13 1155 19 N17T3-50 54.31 545.39 11.43 0.1 0.05006 0.00164 0.14154 0.0046 0.0205 0.00027 198 51 134 4 131 2 131 2 N17T3-51 141.26 131.06 33.14 1.08 0.07382 0.00146 1.92203 0.0388 0.18881 0.00228 1037 22 1089 13 1115 12 1037 22 N17T3-52 246.49 489.45 11.81 0.5 0.04782 0.00135 0.13849 0.00392 0.021 0.00027 90 43 132 3 134 2 134 2 N17T3-53 242.86 555.68 10.37 0.44 0.05056 0.0017 0.11375 0.00379 0.01631 0.00022 221 52 109 3 104 1 104 1 N17T3-54 223.96 278.59 29.94 0.8 0.05829 0.00121 0.68561 0.01446 0.08529 0.00103 541 26 530 9 528 6 528 6 N17T3-55 132.71 193.05 8.87 0.69 0.04605 0.00337 0.13997 0.01008 0.02205 0.00029 162 133 9 141 2 141 2 N17T3-56 51.57 107 2.43 0.48 0.04754 0.00286 0.12824 0.00747 0.01956 0.00029 77 134 123 7 125 2 125 2 N17T3-57 66.48 109.31 2.52 0.61 0.04706 0.00316 0.12551 0.00831 0.01934 0.00033 52 113 120 7 123 2 123 2 N17T3-58 138.84 200.5 12.26 0.69 0.05368 0.01403 0.13222 0.03445 0.01786 0.00037 358 485 126 31 114 2 114 2 N17T3-59 59.43 112.34 2.52 0.53 0.04895 0.00265 0.12995 0.00696 0.01925 0.00029 145 94 124 6 123 2 123 2 N17T3-61 449.7 1157.08 23.2 0.39 0.05067 0.00149 0.12487 0.00367 0.01787 0.00023 226 44 119 3 114 1 114 1 N17T3-62 333.29 774.76 15.72 0.43 0.04858 0.00123 0.11879 0.00302 0.01773 0.00022 128 37 114 3 113 1 113 1 N17T3-63 121.67 230.71 4.99 0.53 0.04395 0.00168 0.11238 0.00428 0.01854 0.00025 73 57 108 4 118 2 118 2 N17T3-64 25.71 38.51 12.03 0.67 0.04605 0.05667 0.08833 0.10858 0.01391 0.0008 1395 86 101 89 5 89 5 N17T3-65 166.09 267.32 6.38 0.62 0.04778 0.00188 0.1322 0.00514 0.02006 0.00028 88 63 126 5 128 2 128 2 N17T3-66 122.78 173.44 4.67 0.71 0.05111 0.00215 0.15422 0.00642 0.02188 0.00031 246 70 146 6 140 2 140 2 N17T3-67 92.53 133.19 3.25 0.69 0.05003 0.00247 0.13721 0.00671 0.01989 0.0003 196 86 131 6 127 2 127 2 N17T3-68 166.88 252.54 5.95 0.66 0.04555 0.00183 0.12234 0.00489 0.01948 0.00027 26 57 117 4 124 2 124 2 N17T3-69 313.09 498.94 10.84 0.63 0.04621 0.00164 0.11649 0.00411 0.01828 0.00025 9 49 112 4 117 2 117 2 N17T3-70 177.07 426.13 9.48 0.42 0.04882 0.00149 0.13253 0.00404 0.01969 0.00026 139 47 126 4 126 2 126 2 N17T3-71 94.65 126.95 3.09 0.75 0.04952 0.00323 0.1334 0.00857 0.01953 0.00033 173 115 127 8 125 2 125 2 N17T3-72 116.52 217.37 4.76 0.54 0.04977 0.00207 0.12734 0.00524 0.01856 0.00026 184 70 122 5 119 2 119 2 N17T3-73 140.95 147.13 36.13 0.96 0.07847 0.00173 1.98617 0.04441 0.18355 0.00228 1159 25 1111 15 1086 12 1159 25 N17T3-74 96.22 183.35 4.31 0.52 0.05008 0.0023 0.13896 0.0063 0.02012 0.00029 199 78 132 6 128 2 128 2 N17T3-75 137.98 292.08 53.1 0.47 0.07317 0.00157 1.55685 0.03395 0.1543 0.0019 1019 25 953 13 925 11 1019 25 N17T3-76 227.6 507.93 10.33 0.45 0.05083 0.00152 0.1236 0.00369 0.01763 0.00023 233 45 118 3 113 1 113 1 N17T3-77 33.38 62.5 22.89 0.53 0.10495 0.0024 4.35924 0.10067 0.3012 0.00381 1713 24 1705 19 1697 19 1713 24 N17T3-78 131.46 201.41 4.62 0.65 0.04849 0.00194 0.12635 0.005 0.0189 0.00026 123 67 121 5 121 2 121 2 N17T3-79 113.5 208.97 4.91 0.54 0.04533 0.00192 0.12467 0.00524 0.01994 0.00028 3 61 119 5 127 2 127 2 N17T3-80 253.02 499.32 11.27 0.51 0.0474 0.00144 0.12629 0.00384 0.01932 0.00025 69 47 121 3 123 2 123 2 N17T3-81 64.52 116.83 6.53 0.55 0.04605 0.00892 0.12541 0.0242 0.01975 0.00035 331 120 22 126 2 126 2 N17T3-83 154.91 269.86 6.13 0.57 0.04939 0.00193 0.12906 0.00501 0.01895 0.00026 166 65 123 5 121 2 121 2 N17T3-84 60.12 90.43 17.62 0.66 0.0692 0.00186 1.52225 0.04095 0.15952 0.00207 905 34 939 16 954 12 905 34 N17T3-85 62.08 138.43 3.13 0.45 0.04943 0.00243 0.13403 0.00652 0.01966 0.00029 168 85 128 6 126 2 126 2 N17T3-86 76.52 169.86 3.87 0.45 0.04677 0.00219 0.12776 0.00591 0.01981 0.00029 37 72 122 5 126 2 126 2 N17T3-87 55.55 111.94 2.45 0.5 0.0452 0.0028 0.11714 0.00717 0.01879 0.0003 9 101 112 7 120 2 120 2 N17T3-88 938.36 690.34 20.05 1.36 0.04813 0.00134 0.13526 0.00378 0.02038 0.00026 106 42 129 3 130 2 130 2 N17T3-89 125.81 218.7 4.58 0.58 0.04755 0.00198 0.11525 0.00477 0.01758 0.00025 77 66 111 4 112 2 112 2 N17T3-90 143.86 259.72 6.25 0.55 0.05428 0.00192 0.15041 0.00528 0.02009 0.00028 383 54 142 5 128 2 128 2 N17T3-91 60.71 57.48 1.23 1.06 0.04286 0.00475 0.09417 0.01034 0.01593 0.00031 131 170 91 10 102 2 102 2 N17T3-92 53.46 122.94 2.67 0.43 0.04708 0.00266 0.1219 0.00681 0.01877 0.00029 53 93 117 6 120 2 120 2 N17T3-93 103.78 140.44 3.33 0.74 0.04613 0.00247 0.12187 0.00646 0.01916 0.00029 4 84 117 6 122 2 122 2 N17T3-94 204.38 358.62 7.87 0.57 0.0502 0.00177 0.12749 0.00448 0.01842 0.00025 204 56 122 4 118 2 118 2 N17T3-95 269.21 350.6 8.59 0.77 0.04997 0.00221 0.13202 0.00577 0.01916 0.00028 194 74 126 5 122 2 122 2 N17T3-96 68.06 48.74 8.53 1.4 0.06299 0.0022 1.05006 0.03646 0.12088 0.00169 708 50 729 18 736 10 736 10 N17T3-97 171.83 211.83 5.27 0.81 0.0519 0.0022 0.14011 0.00588 0.01958 0.00028 281 70 133 5 125 2 125 2 N17T3-98 112.4 128.13 3 0.88 0.048 0.00268 0.12057 0.00667 0.01821 0.00028 99 95 116 6 116 2 116 2 N17T3-99 68.15 144.39 3.33 0.47 0.04962 0.00244 0.13636 0.00663 0.01993 0.0003 177 85 130 6 127 2 127 2 注：测试单位为中国地质大学（北京）科学研究院实验中学
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① 王明.西藏尼则地区 1:5 万区域地质调查报告.吉林大学 2019.
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