Xialu N-MORB gabbros and diabases in the Xigaze ophiolite: Record of subduction initiation of the Yarlung Zangbo Tethyan Ocean at Early Cretaceous
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摘要:
雅鲁藏布江结合带130~120 Ma蛇绿岩分布广泛，但其形成环境存在较大争论。以日喀则地区夏鲁辉长岩及辉绿岩锆石U-Pb定年、主量及微量元素数据为基础，结合大量的日喀则蛇绿岩研究数据，分析蛇绿岩的构造环境及其动力学意义。夏鲁辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为123.8±1.1 Ma(MSWD=0.97)，表明其是日喀则130~120 Ma蛇绿岩残片之一。主量、微量元素特征显示，部分辉长岩样品高CaO、低SiO2及极低的K2O、Na2O含量，为异剥钙榴岩化所致，而辉绿岩无流体影响。夏鲁辉长岩与辉绿岩显示正常型大洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)特征，且轻稀土元素较N-MORB亏损，来自亏损地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩源区高程度部分熔融。日喀则130~120 Ma的蛇绿岩N-MORB型基性岩来自俯冲组分混入不均的地幔源区，表现为洋中脊玄武岩至火山弧玄武岩过渡特征，并且无陆壳物质混入，最有可能形成于洋内弧系统。综合区域地质资料，认为日喀则130~120 Ma的蛇绿岩在发育时限、岩石组合及地球化学特征上与伊豆小笠原-玻安岛-马里亚纳(IBM)弧前蛇绿岩类似，代表雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋一次洋内俯冲的开始。
Abstract:The 130~120 Ma ophiolite is the most widely distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, however, its formation environment remains controversial.Based on zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemical date of Xialu gabbros and diabases, and a large number of data of Xigaze ophiolite, the tectonic environment and dynamic significance of Early Cretaceous ophiolite were discussed.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Xialu gabbro yields weighted mean age of 123.8 ± 1.1 Ma(MSWD = 0.97), indicating one of the 130~120 Ma Xigaze ophiolite relics.Some gabbro samples are characterized by high Cao, low SiO2 and very low K2O and Na2O contents, which can be attributed to a rodingitization process, whereas diabases suffer from minimal affection of fluid.Xialu gabbros and diabases show N-MORB type characteristics and more depleted in light rare earth elements than normal N-MORB, suggesting high degree partial melting of a depleted mantle of spinel lherzolite source.The N-MORB basic rocks of the 130~120 Ma ophiolite in Xigaze were generated from a mantle source with inhomogeneous mixture of subduction components, and characterized by the transition from MORB to VAB, with a minimal adding of continental crust, which suggest that the Xigaze ophiolite was formed in an intra-oceanic arc system.Combined with regional geology, it is suggested that the 130~120 Ma ophiolite in Xigaze is similar to the IBM fore-arc ophiolite in development time, lithology and geochemistry, representing a subduction initiation in the Yarlung Zangbo Tethys Ocean.
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Key words:
- Yarlung Zangbo suture zone /
- Xigaze /
- Early Cretaceous /
- intra-oceanic arc /
- fore-arc ophiolite /
- subduction initiation
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表 1 夏鲁辉长岩(11XL-1)锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb analytical results of Xialu gabbro (11XL-1)
测点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 01 7.00 124 314 0.4 0.1304 0.0092 0.0190 0.0005 124 8 121 3 02 36.5 1631 1285 1.3 0.1370 0.0069 0.0199 0.0004 130 6 127 3 03 12.34 630 432 1.5 0.1261 0.0076 0.0188 0.0005 121 7 120 3 04 9.30 374 344 1.1 0.1553 0.0094 0.0192 0.0005 147 8 123 3 05 14.69 563 553 1.0 0.1276 0.0078 0.0197 0.0005 122 7 126 3 06 24.2 1564 664 2.4 0.1289 0.0079 0.0200 0.0004 123 7 128 3 07 21.1 1281 697 1.8 0.1214 0.0061 0.0189 0.0004 116 6 121 2 08 20.2 812 719 1.1 0.1363 0.0074 0.0198 0.0004 130 7 127 2 09 26.2 1914 782 2.4 0.1312 0.0071 0.0192 0.0004 125 6 123 2 10 27.7 1941 778 2.5 0.1234 0.0073 0.0200 0.0004 118 7 127 3 11 13.25 655 460 1.4 0.1204 0.0078 0.0193 0.0004 115 7 123 3 12 35.6 3076 861 3.6 0.1303 0.0072 0.0199 0.0005 124 6 127 3 13 14.9 1008 427 2.4 0.1240 0.0080 0.0192 0.0005 119 7 122 3 14 10.26 402 390 1.0 0.1332 0.0089 0.0193 0.0004 127 8 123 3 15 13.10 656 420 1.6 0.1554 0.0129 0.0197 0.0006 147 11 126 4 16 22.9 1581 654 2.4 0.1086 0.0078 0.0198 0.0005 105 7 126 3 17 22.5 946 851 1.1 0.1069 0.0064 0.0189 0.0005 103 6 121 3 18 26.5 1017 951 1.1 0.1064 0.0063 0.0201 0.0005 103 6 128 3 19 15.4 1203 378 3.2 0.1328 0.0112 0.0195 0.0006 127 10 125 4 20 17.79 733 648 1.1 0.1090 0.0078 0.0193 0.0005 105 7 123 3 21 19.0 1019 638 1.6 0.1065 0.0070 0.0187 0.0004 103 6 119 3 22 5.31 209 188 1.1 0.1888 0.0180 0.0197 0.0006 176 15 126 4 23 17.0 944 556 1.7 0.1119 0.0077 0.0189 0.0004 108 7 121 3 24 21.2 1311 655 2.0 0.0927 0.0068 0.0189 0.0005 90.0 6.3 121 3 
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表 2 夏鲁基性岩主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征分析结果
Table 2. Major, trace elements and REE result of Xialu mafic rocks
样号 11XL-1 11XL-2 11XL-3 11XL-4 11XL-6 11XL-7 11XL-8 11XL-9 11XL-10 11XL-12 岩性 辉长岩 辉长岩 淡色辉长岩 淡色辉长岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 SiO2 47.49 48.91 47.53 46.36 50.52 51.29 52.29 50.51 51.07 50.87 Al2O3 17.76 16.7 17.63 15.64 15.54 15.58 15.4 15.75 15.68 15.58 TFe2O3 6.81 8.91 3.67 2.48 9.59 9.57 10.01 9.63 9.6 9.19 CaO 13.87 10.98 16.53 24.86 8.23 7.99 6.55 7.65 7.98 9.29 MgO 7.42 7.53 6.69 5.77 6.94 6.97 7.37 7.74 7.2 7.97 K2O 0.38 0.24 1.03 0.01 0.22 0.55 0.67 0.46 0.55 0.42 Na2O 1.67 2.78 1.94 0.057 4.26 3.73 3.21 3.33 3.5 2.41 TiO2 0.79 1.06 1.22 1.38 1.33 1.33 1.14 1.35 1.32 1.01 P2O5 0.035 0.052 0.079 0.036 0.046 0.042 0.045 0.053 0.046 0.035 MnO 0.092 0.14 0.045 0.037 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.18 烧失量 3.62 2.61 3.56 3.36 3.15 2.75 3.13 3.35 2.86 3.01 总计 99.94 99.91 99.92 99.99 99.99 99.96 99.96 99.97 99.97 99.97 Mg# 71.7 66.3 80.9 84.4 62.8 62.9 63.2 65.2 63.6 66.9 σ 0.94 1.54 1.95 0.00 2.67 2.21 1.62 1.91 2.03 1.02 Sc 30.06 33.1 33.67 26.22 32.15 32.6 31.63 32.71 32.17 33.97 Ti 4383 6002 7004 8020 7615 7522 6310 7718 7530 5745 V 192.6 233.6 222.2 184.3 234.4 233.9 221.6 234.3 230.7 218.9 Cr 134.5 193.9 84.32 42.39 164.4 174.4 120.1 180.3 173.3 189.1 Co 30.92 32.1 16.58 11.86 32.04 31.94 29.73 32.11 31.32 33.61 Ni 68.15 75.83 53.81 54.01 64.77 62.69 46.9 64.81 59.2 59.71 Cu 8.379 8.093 8.732 11.09 15.96 27.35 9.913 31.75 25.16 37.38 Zn 33.41 55.18 20.09 21.05 59.53 61.11 39.07 59.36 59.6 82.74 Ga 12.51 13.59 12.81 7.503 14.7 15.71 14.48 16.15 15.44 14.78 Rb 1.985 1.151 6.726 0.057 0.875 2.085 3.049 1.666 1.94 1.826 Sr 708.8 780.4 564.8 21.03 138.2 140.6 124.1 129.7 140.4 119.6 Y 16.35 20.37 28.12 24.37 24.66 24.97 22.5 26.77 24.51 19.15 Zr 44.94 53.15 89.94 62.26 86.01 90.01 69.77 101.6 87.31 56.84 Nb 0.359 0.454 0.823 0.573 1.041 1.039 0.587 1.139 1.046 0.541 Cs 0.069 0.084 0.135 0.054 0.065 0.088 0.113 0.085 0.078 0.095 Ba 35.77 12.48 52.77 0.567 2.133 3.677 4.217 3.279 3.443 2.43 La 0.921 1.457 2.103 1.81 1.941 2.009 1.776 2.351 1.968 1.225 Ce 3.338 4.861 7.696 6.556 6.397 6.65 5.727 7.532 6.605 4.14 Pr 0.719 0.979 1.544 1.275 1.272 1.264 1.052 1.437 1.247 0.805 Nd 4.22 5.691 8.66 7.248 6.837 6.888 5.959 7.683 7.059 4.853 Sm 1.573 2.089 3.014 2.549 2.379 2.513 2.14 2.714 2.318 1.825 Eu 0.571 0.815 1.098 1.188 1.037 1.033 0.842 1.045 1.009 0.773 Gd 1.938 2.444 3.345 2.985 2.874 2.874 2.614 3.117 2.882 2.25 Tb 0.397 0.506 0.709 0.593 0.601 0.621 0.552 0.654 0.612 0.445 Dy 2.763 3.415 4.767 3.916 4.049 4.241 3.691 4.412 4.159 3.274 Ho 0.64 0.809 1.081 0.913 0.956 1.004 0.894 1.023 0.957 0.767 Er 1.792 2.246 3.009 2.608 2.778 2.88 2.556 3.018 2.752 2.136 Tm 0.279 0.327 0.439 0.398 0.405 0.434 0.402 0.46 0.412 0.324 Yb 1.809 2.137 3.055 2.597 2.742 2.957 2.499 2.96 2.698 2.167 Lu 0.253 0.323 0.448 0.372 0.409 0.439 0.382 0.474 0.43 0.335 Hf 1.265 1.628 2.356 1.757 2.353 2.485 1.95 2.768 2.422 1.611 Ta 0.04 0.055 0.081 0.056 0.102 0.095 0.071 0.109 0.102 0.054 Pb 0.151 0.22 0.122 3.411 0.269 0.318 0.174 0.213 0.298 0.589 Th 0.041 0.056 0.095 0.056 0.083 0.09 0.071 0.1 0.081 0.051 U 0.014 0.024 0.043 0.033 0.04 0.037 0.025 0.048 0.038 0.024 δEu 1.00 1.10 1.06 1.32 1.21 1.17 1.09 1.10 1.19 1.17 (La/Yb)N 0.37 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.49 0.51 0.57 0.52 0.41 ΣREE 21.21 28.10 40.97 35.01 34.68 35.81 31.09 38.88 35.11 25.32 注：σ为里特曼指数，Mg#=100×Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)，Fe2+以Fe2O3/(FeO+Fe2O3)=0.15估算，δEu=EuN/(SmN ×GdN)1/2；主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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① 西藏自治区区域地质调查大队. 中华人民共和国1: 25万区域地质图: 日喀则幅. 2004.
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