New Analysis of the Ore-controlling Structure and Gold Mineralization Model in the Southwest Section of the Xuefeng Arcuate Structural Belt
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摘要:
这是一篇地球科学领域的论文。雪峰弧形构造带西南段是湖南最重要的金矿成矿区带。该区新元古界青白口系冷家溪群、板溪群/高涧群和南华系是主要赋金层位。本文以研究区赋矿地层、容矿围岩、导矿构造、容矿构造为基础，从构造控矿规律及成矿模式方面进行综合研究。结果表明，该区构造控矿在金的成矿过程中起关键作用，沅陵—怀化—新晃、溆浦—洪江—靖州、安化—溆浦—通道、新化—武阳—城步四条推覆型深大断裂为主要导矿构造，控制着矿集区分布；NE向次级断裂及伴生的褶皱-冲断系统、NW向断裂、区域复背斜与轴部断层联合部位、脆-韧性剪切带和剪切裂隙及劈（片）理化带是主要容矿构造，控制着矿体最终空间定位。通过分析构造控矿规律，包括区域构造控制矿床成带成区分布、构造运动多旋迴迭加形成“三期二向”构造迭加部位富集成矿、脆-韧性构造系统控制矿体垂向分布以及特定构造部位富集成矿，建立了该区金矿复合成矿模式。
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of earth science. The southwest section of the Xuefeng arc structure is the most important gold ore mineralization zone in Hunan. The Lower Paleozoic Qingbaikou Formation, including the Coldjiaxi Group, Banxi Group, Gaojian Group, and Nanhua Formation, are the main gold-bearing strata in this area. Based on the study of ore-forming strata, ore-bearing surrounding rock, ore-bearing structure, and orebody structure, the paper forms a comprehensive analysis of tectonic ore-controlling rules and ore-forming models. The results suggest that structural control plays a crucial role in the process of gold mineralization. Guanzhuang-Huaihua-Xinhuang, Xupu-Hongjiang-Jingzhou, Anhua-Xupu-Tongdao, and Xupu-Wuyang-Chengbu are the four main ore-controlling thrust faults controlling the distribution of mineralized areas. The NE-trending secondary faults and associated fold-thrust systems, NW-trending faults, regional anticlines and synclines, brittle-ductile shear zones, and shear fractures and cleavage planes are the main ore-hosting structures that control the final spatial location of the ore bodies. By analyzing the rules of structural control on mineralization, including regional structural control on the distribution of ore deposits, the enrichment of mineralization in the overlapping parts of "three stages and two directions" structural superposition, the control of brittle-ductile structural systems on the vertical distribution of ore bodies, and the enrichment of mineralization in specific structural locations, a composite gold mineralization model has been established for this area.
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表 1 研究区板溪群/高涧群地层对比
Table 1. Stratigraphic correspondence of Banxi Group/Gaojian Group in the study area
系 岩石地层 年龄值 北部地层区 南部地层区
青
白
口
系板溪群 牛牯坪组 高涧群 岩门寨组 800 Ma 百合垅组 多益塘组 五强溪组 架枧田组 通塔湾组 砖墙湾组 820 Ma 马底驿组 黄狮洞组 横路冲组 石桥铺组 宝林冲组 冷家溪群 
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表 2 雪峰弧形构造带西南段金矿床分类
Table 2. Classification of gold deposits in the southwest section of Xuefeng arcuate structural belt
类型 主要控矿因素 矿例 类 亚类 雪峰造山型 石英脉型 顺层脉 地层层位：青白口系板溪群或高涧群
容矿围岩：板岩、砂质板岩、凝灰质板岩
容矿构造：NE向断层裂隙或层间破碎带
矿体构造：主要由石英单脉组成
矿石类型：含金石英脉型沃溪、柳林汊、
官庄、龙王江、漠滨、
阳湾团、米贝等切层脉 地层层位：青白口系高涧群
容矿围岩：条带状凝灰质板岩、砂质板岩
容矿构造：NW向剪切裂隙带
矿体构造：主要由石英细脉、脉带组成
矿石类型：含金石英型淘金冲、喇叭堂、
青山坨、洞塘、
深溪剪切裂隙脉 地层层位：南华系长安组（富禄组）
容矿围岩：凝灰质长石石英砂岩、粉砂岩
容矿构造：NW向断裂隙
矿体构造：主要由石英细脉、脉带组成
矿石类型：含金石英型响溪、中山、
白岩云、
平茶、茶溪、蚀变岩型 破碎带蚀变岩型 地层层位：南华系长安组
容矿围岩：含砾砂质板岩、砂质板岩
容矿构造：NW向张扭剪切带
矿体构造：主要由强硅化蚀变岩、绢英岩、角砾状蚀变岩组成
矿石类型：含金石英岩、黄铁绢英岩型、蚀变板岩铲子坪、青山洞 韧性剪切带蚀变
岩型地层层位：青白口系高涧群和南华系长安组
容矿围岩：砂质板岩、长石石英砂岩、板岩
容矿构造：NE向韧脆性剪切带
矿体构造：由片理化石英团块和网脉蚀变板岩组成
矿石类型：含金弱硅化蚀变板岩大坪、桐溪、洪江垄 蚀变基性岩型 地层层位：青白口系高涧群
容矿岩性：闪长岩辉、绿岩岩墙
容矿构造：NE向断层破碎带
矿体构造：由石英细脉和网脉蚀变岩组成
矿石类型：含金蚀变闪长岩、辉绿岩型字溪、大洪山、于家湾
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表 3 雪峰弧形构造带西南段金矿床（点）产出层位与容矿构造关系统计
Table 3. Statistical of the relationship between the occurrence horizon of gold deposits (points) and the ore-hosting structure in the southwest section of Xuefeng arcuate structural belt
赋矿层位 矿床
（点）数北东
走向北西
走向近东西
走向青白口系板溪群
（高涧群）
（75）马底驿组（24） 24 20 4 五强溪组（51） 51 42 9 南华系下统
（18）长安组（21） 14 3 11 湘锰组（1） 1 1 洪江组（3） 3 3 白垩系（1） 白垩系（1） 1 1 合计 94 70 20 4
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